Titus — Chapter 1

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1Paul, a servant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ for the faith of God’s elect and their knowledge of the truth that leads to godliness,

2in the hope of eternal life, which God, who cannot lie, promised before time began.

3In His own time He has made His word evident in the proclamation entrusted to me by the command of God our Savior.

4To Titus, my true child in our common faith: Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior.

5The reason I left you in Crete was that you would set in order what was unfinished and appoint elders in every town, as I directed you.

6An elder must be blameless, the husband of but one wife, having children who are believers and who are not open to accusation of indiscretion or insubordination.

7As God’s steward, an overseer must be above reproach—not self-willed, not quick-tempered, not given to drunkenness, not violent, not greedy for money.

8Instead, he must be hospitable, a lover of good, self-controlled, upright, holy, and disciplined.

9He must hold firmly to the faithful word as it was taught, so that he can encourage others by sound teaching and refute those who contradict it.

10For many are rebellious and full of empty talk and deception, especially those of the circumcision,

11who must be silenced. For the sake of dishonorable gain, they undermine entire households and teach things they should not.

12As one of their own prophets has said, “Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, lazy gluttons.”

13This testimony is true. Therefore rebuke them sternly, so that they will be sound in the faith

14and will pay no attention to Jewish myths or to the commands of men who have rejected the truth.

15To the pure, all things are pure; but to the defiled and unbelieving, nothing is pure. Indeed, both their minds and their consciences are defiled.

16They profess to know God, but by their actions they deny Him. They are detestable, disobedient, and unfit for any good deed.

1Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God’s elect, and the acknowledging of the truth which is after godliness;

2In hope of eternal life, which God, that cannot lie, promised before the world began;

3But hath in due times manifested his word through preaching, which is committed unto me according to the commandment of God our Saviour;

4To Titus, mine own son after the common faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ our Saviour.

5For this cause left I thee in Crete, that thou shouldest set in order the things that are wanting, and ordain elders in every city, as I had appointed thee:

6If any be blameless, the husband of one wife, having faithful children not accused of riot or unruly.

7For a bishop must be blameless, as the steward of God; not selfwilled, not soon angry, not given to wine, no striker, not given to filthy lucre;

8But a lover of hospitality, a lover of good men, sober, just, holy, temperate;

9Holding fast the faithful word as he hath been taught, that he may be able by sound doctrine both to exhort and to convince the gainsayers.

10For there are many unruly and vain talkers and deceivers, specially they of the circumcision:

11Whose mouths must be stopped, who subvert whole houses, teaching things which they ought not, for filthy lucre’s sake.

12One of themselves, even a prophet of their own, said, The Cretians are alway liars, evil beasts, slow bellies.

13This witness is true. Wherefore rebuke them sharply, that they may be sound in the faith;

14Not giving heed to Jewish fables, and commandments of men, that turn from the truth.

15Unto the pure all things are pure: but unto them that are defiled and unbelieving is nothing pure; but even their mind and conscience is defiled.

16They profess that they know God; but in works they deny him, being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate.

1Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God`s elect, and the knowledge of the truth which is according to godliness,

2in hope of eternal life, which God, who cannot lie, promised before times eternal;

3but in his own seasons manifested his word in the message, wherewith I was intrusted according to the commandment of God our Saviour;

4to Titus, my true child after a common faith: Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Saviour.

5For this cause left I thee in Crete, that thou shouldest set in order the things that were wanting, and appoint elders in every city, as I gave thee charge;

6if any man is blameless, the husband of one wife, having children that believe, who are not accused of riot or unruly.

7For the bishop must be blameless, as God`s steward; not self-willed, not soon angry, no brawler, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre;

8but given to hospitality, as lover of good, sober-minded, just, holy, self-controlled;

9holding to the faithful word which is according to the teaching, that he may be able to exhort in the sound doctrine, and to convict the gainsayers.

10For there are many unruly men, vain talkers and deceivers, specially they of the circumcision,

11whose mouths must be stopped; men who overthrow whole houses, teaching things which they ought not, for filthy lucre`s sake.

12One of themselves, a prophet of their own, said, Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, idle gluttons.

13This testimony is true. For which cause reprove them sharply, that they may be sound in the faith,

14not giving heed to Jewish fables, and commandments of men who turn away from the truth.

15To the pure all things are pure: but to them that are defiled and unbelieving nothing is pure; but both their mind and their conscience are defiled.

16They profess that they know God; but by their works they deny him, being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate.

1From Paul, a slave of God and apostle of Jesus Christ, to further the faith of God’s chosen ones and the knowledge of the truth that is in keeping with godliness,

2in hope of eternal life, which God, who does not lie, promised before time began.

3But now in his own time he has made his message evident through the preaching I was entrusted with according to the command of God our Savior.

4To Titus, my genuine son in a common faith. Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior!

5The reason I left you in Crete was to set in order the remaining matters and to appoint elders in every town, as I directed you.

6An elder must be blameless, the husband of one wife, with faithful children who cannot be charged with dissipation or rebellion.

7For the overseer must be blameless as one entrusted with God’s work, not arrogant, not prone to anger, not a drunkard, not violent, not greedy for gain.

8Instead he must be hospitable, devoted to what is good, sensible, upright, devout, and self-controlled.

9He must hold firmly to the faithful message as it has been taught, so that he will be able to give exhortation in such healthy teaching and correct those who speak against it.

10For there are many rebellious people, idle talkers, and deceivers, especially those with Jewish connections,

11who must be silenced because they mislead whole families by teaching for dishonest gain what ought not to be taught.

12A certain one of them, in fact, one of their own prophets, said, “Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, lazy gluttons.”

13Such testimony is true. For this reason rebuke them sharply that they may be healthy in the faith

14and not pay attention to Jewish myths and commands of people who reject the truth.

15All is pure to those who are pure. But to those who are corrupt and unbelieving, nothing is pure, but both their minds and consciences are corrupted.

16They profess to know God but with their deeds they deny him, since they are detestable, disobedient, and unfit for any good deed.

1Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God’s chosen ones, and the knowledge of the truth which is according to godliness,

2in hope of eternal life, which God, who can’t lie, promised before time began;

3but in his own time revealed his word in the message with which I was entrusted according to the commandment of God our Savior;

4to Titus, my true child according to a common faith: Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ our Savior.

5I left you in Crete for this reason, that you would set in order the things that were lacking, and appoint elders in every city, as I directed you;

6if anyone is blameless, the husband of one wife, having children who believe, who are not accused of loose or unruly behavior.

7For the overseer must be blameless, as God’s steward; not self-pleasing, not easily angered, not given to wine, not violent, not greedy for dishonest gain;

8but given to hospitality, a lover of good, sober minded, fair, holy, self-controlled;

9holding to the faithful word which is according to the teaching, that he may be able to exhort in the sound doctrine, and to convict those who contradict him.

10For there are also many unruly men, vain talkers and deceivers, especially those of the circumcision,

11whose mouths must be stopped; men who overthrow whole houses, teaching things which they ought not, for dishonest gain’s sake.

12One of them, a prophet of their own, said, “Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, and idle gluttons.”

13This testimony is true. For this cause, reprove them sharply, that they may be sound in the faith,

14not paying attention to Jewish fables and commandments of men who turn away from the truth.

15To the pure, all things are pure; but to those who are defiled and unbelieving, nothing is pure; but both their mind and their conscience are defiled.

16They profess that they know God, but by their deeds they deny him, being abominable, disobedient, and unfit for any good work.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Paul identifies himself as a servant of God and apostle of Jesus Christ, sent to build up the faith of God's elect and their knowledge of the truth, in hope of eternal life promised before time began (vv. 1-3). He greets Titus, left on Crete to set things in order and appoint elders in every town (vv. 4-5), then lists an elder's qualifications — blameless, faithful in marriage and family, self-controlled, hospitable, and able to teach sound doctrine while refuting opponents (vv. 6-9). He warns of many rebellious, deceptive teachers, especially from the circumcision party, quoting a Cretan poet's blunt assessment of his own people before urging Titus to rebuke them sharply so they remain sound in the faith (vv. 10-13). Paul closes by contrasting the purity of those who trust God with the defiled conscience of those who claim to know him yet deny him by their actions (vv. 14-16).

Authorship & Background

Author: Paul the Apostle (v.1). Written approximately AD 63-65, between Paul's first and second Roman imprisonments. Titus is one of the three "Pastoral Epistles" (with 1-2 Timothy).
Recipient: Titus — a Greek convert (Galatians 2:3), Paul's trusted co-worker. Unlike Timothy, Titus is never mentioned in Acts but appears frequently in Paul's letters (2 Cor 2:13, 7:6, 8:6, 12:18; Gal 2:1-3). Paul left him on the island of Crete to organize the churches there (v.5).
Purpose: To instruct Titus on appointing qualified elders (ch.1), teaching sound doctrine to various groups (ch.2), and maintaining good works while avoiding divisive people (ch.3). The Cretan churches needed strong leadership because of cultural challenges and false teachers.
Crete: A large Mediterranean island with a reputation for dishonesty and laziness (v.12). The churches there were young and disorganized — "things that are wanting" needed to be "set in order" (v.5).
Classification: Epistle — Pauline, Pastoral Epistle
Key Themes: Truth defined by the godliness it produces, a task left unfinished on purpose, elders qualified by character and household, a bishop able to hold and to refute, and a local proverb turned into a diagnosis
Greeting: Truth That Leads to Godliness (vv.1-4): The longest greeting in the Pastorals, and it does the letter's theological work before the instructions begin. Truth is identified by what it produces — “the truth which is after godliness” — and hope rests on a promise made before the world began by a God “that cannot lie”. That last phrase is placed deliberately: lying becomes the subject in v.12. Titus is addressed as “mine own son after the common faith”.
Left in Crete to Finish What Was Lacking (v.5): Titus was left behind on purpose, and the assignment is stated without softening: set in order the things that are wanting, and ordain elders in every city. The work was incomplete by design rather than through neglect, which frames the whole letter as a commission being carried out rather than a failure being repaired.
Qualified in Household and Character (vv.6-8): The qualifications start at home — blameless, husband of one wife, children not open to the charge of riot or disobedience. Then the negatives: not selfwilled, not soon angry, not given to wine, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre. Then hospitality and self-control. Nothing on the list is a skill or a gift. Every item is either settled character or an observable record.
Holding Fast, Able to Convince (v.9): The single requirement touching capability is stated twice over: holding fast the faithful word so as to be able both to exhort and to convince those who contradict. Building up and refuting are treated as one competence, because where false teachers are active a man who can only encourage cannot protect anyone.
Vain Talkers Whose Mouths Must Be Stopped (vv.10-11): The reason for the standard now appears. There are many unruly and vain talkers, “specially they of the circumcision”, subverting whole households and teaching for “filthy lucre's sake”. The instruction is to stop their mouths, and the motive assigned is money rather than conviction — which explains why argument alone was never going to settle it.
A Cretan Prophet, and a Sharp Diagnosis (vv.12-14): Paul quotes a line attributed to Epimenides, himself a Cretan, about Cretans being liars and idle, and says the testimony is true. It functions as a local proverb turned against local complacency rather than as a judgment on a people, and the purpose given in v.13 is repair: “rebuke them sharply, that they may be sound in the faith”. Jewish fables and the commandments of men are named as what they must stop giving attention to.
To the Pure All Things Are Pure (vv.15-16): The chapter closes on the gap between ritual purity and real purity. To the pure all things are pure, and to the defiled nothing is, because the defilement sits in the mind and conscience rather than in the object being handled. Verse 16 lands the charge: they profess to know God and deny Him by their works. That is precisely what the letter's opening definition of truth — the truth that produces godliness — rules out.

Map & Geography

Places on this map

  • CreteCrete, GreeceA long mountainous island across the southern Aegean, about 160 miles end to end, with the shipping lane running along its southern coast. Paul's grain ship sheltered there before the storm, and Titus was left to organize its churches. Wikipedia
  • Mediterranean SeaCalled simply the Great Sea, and treated as the western edge of the world. Israel's coast has almost no natural harbours, so for most of its history the sea was a boundary rather than a road, and seafaring was left to the Phoenicians. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers Paul's greeting, elder qualifications, the Cretan problem, and the contrast between profession and practice.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Book of Titus Summary: A Complete Animated Overview
BibleProject

Titus 1 | Godly Elders | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Titus: The Bible Explained
Spoken Gospel

Titus 1:1-5 - A Challenge for Titus
David Guzik

Titus 1:6-9 - What to Look for in Leaders
David Guzik

Titus 1:10-16 - Doing a Difficult Job
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Titus -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • A God Who Cannot Lie (v.2) — Paul grounds the hope of eternal life in the fact that God is incapable of lying. Which of God's promises do you struggle to fully rest in, even though His word is inherently trustworthy?
  • Character Before Position (vv.6-9) — Paul's list of elder qualifications is almost entirely about proven character, not talent or charisma. Which of these traits would the people who know you best say is genuinely true of you?
  • The Condition of the Heart Shapes What You See (v.15) — Paul says a pure heart sees purity while a corrupted one taints everything it touches. Is your outlook on people and circumstances shaped by a clean conscience, or by cynicism and suspicion?
  • When Actions Deny What You Profess (v.16) — Paul describes people who claim to know God while their actions say otherwise. Where might there be a gap between what you say you believe and how you actually live?