Psalms — Chapter 1

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1Blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, or set foot on the path of sinners, or sit in the seat of mockers.

2But his delight is in the Law of the LORD, and on His law he meditates day and night.

3He is like a tree planted by streams of water, yielding its fruit in season, whose leaf does not wither, and who prospers in all he does.

4Not so the wicked! For they are like chaff driven off by the wind.

5Therefore the wicked will not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous.

6For the LORD guards the path of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish.

1Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful.

2But his delight is in the law of the LORD; and in his law doth he meditate day and night.

3And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth forth his fruit in his season; his leaf also shall not wither; and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper.

4The ungodly are not so: but are like the chaff which the wind driveth away.

5Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous.

6For the LORD knoweth the way of the righteous: but the way of the ungodly shall perish.

1Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the wicked, Nor standeth in the way of sinners, Nor sitteth in the seat of scoffers:

2But his delight is in the law of Jehovah; And on his law doth he meditate day and night.

3And he shall be like a tree planted by the streams of water, That bringeth forth its fruit in its season, Whose leaf also doth not wither; And whatsoever he doeth shall prosper.

4The wicked are not so, But are like the chaff which the wind driveth away.

5Therefore the wicked shall not stand in the judgment, Nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous.

6For Jehovah knoweth the way of the righteous; But the way of the wicked shall perish. Psalm 2

1How blessed is the one who does not follow the advice of the wicked, or stand in the pathway with sinners, or sit in the assembly of scoffers.

2Instead he finds pleasure in obeying the Lord’s commands; he meditates on his commands day and night.

3He is like a tree planted by flowing streams; it yields its fruit at the proper time, and its leaves never fall off. He succeeds in everything he attempts.

4Not so with the wicked! Instead they are like wind-driven chaff.

5For this reason the wicked cannot withstand judgment, nor can sinners join the assembly of the godly.

6Certainly the Lord guards the way of the godly, but the way of the wicked ends in destruction.

1Blessed is the man who doesn’t walk in the counsel of the wicked, nor stand on the path of sinners, nor sit in the seat of scoffers;

2but his delight is in Yahweh’s law. On his law he meditates day and night.

3He will be like a tree planted by the streams of water, that produces its fruit in its season, whose leaf also does not wither. Whatever he does shall prosper.

4The wicked are not so, but are like the chaff which the wind drives away.

5Therefore the wicked shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous.

6For Yahweh knows the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked shall perish.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

A wisdom psalm opening the Psalter, contrasting two ways of life. The blessed person avoids the counsel of the wicked and instead delights in and meditates on God's instruction (vv. 1-2), growing like a tree planted by flowing water that bears fruit and does not wither (v. 3). The wicked have no such stability; they are compared to chaff that the wind blows away and will not survive God's judgment or stand among the righteous (vv. 4-5). The psalm closes with its central claim: the LORD watches over the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked leads to ruin (v. 6).

Authorship & Background

Author: Multiple authors — primarily David (73 psalms attributed), plus Asaph (12), Sons of Korah (11), Solomon (2), Moses (1), Heman (1), Ethan (1), and anonymous. The Psalter was compiled over approximately 1000 years and served as Israel's hymnal and prayer book. The book is divided into five 'books' (1-41, 42-72, 73-89, 90-106, 107-150), paralleling the five books of Moses.
Classification: Wisdom Psalm
Attributed Author: Anonymous (no superscription)
Key Themes: Two ways of life, blessedness, the righteous vs. the wicked, delight in God's Word, divine judgment
Historical Context: Psalm 1 serves as the gateway to the entire Psalter. It has no superscription and no attributed author, which is intentional — it functions as an introduction to the entire collection. Like the opening of Proverbs, it presents the fundamental choice: the way of the righteous or the way of the wicked. Its placement is editorial and theological — whoever compiled the Psalter placed this wisdom psalm first to frame all subsequent psalms as the meditation of the righteous person described here. The psalm uses a progressive deterioration in v.1 (walks → stands → sits) to show how proximity to evil deepens, and contrasts this with the fruitful tree image of the one who delights in Torah.
The Blessed Man (vv.1-3): The psalter opens on a single figure and describes him first by what he avoids, and the three verbs descend by stages, walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful. Walking, standing, sitting: casual company becomes settled residence. What he does instead is stated as a habit rather than an achievement, his delight is in the law of the LORD, and in his law doth he meditate day and night. And the image is a planted tree with a water supply, not a wild one, he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water, whose leaf also shall not wither.
The Wicked Contrasted (vv.4-5): The ungodly are not like unto chaff, they are chaff, and the comparison is agricultural and dismissive: chaff is what the threshing floor throws away, weightless and rootless, the exact opposite of a tree with its roots in a stream. The consequence is judicial, therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous, and the verb stand picks up the second of the three postures from verse 1.
The Two Ways (v.6): One verse closes the psalm and states the whole of it in two clauses, for the LORD knoweth the way of the righteous, but the way of the ungodly shall perish. The word knoweth carries more than information; it is the verb of acknowledgement and care. And the two ways set out here are the frame the entire psalter is read through, which is why this psalm has no title and functions as an introduction rather than as a song.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Verse-by-verse commentary on this chapter, written for the everyday reader and freely available online.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Psalm 1
BibleProject

Psalm 1 | A Tree Planted by Streams of Water | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

A Summary of the Book of Psalms | GotQuestions.org
Got Questions Ministries

Psalms Overview: Songs of Ascent | Podcast
Spoken Gospel

Psalms: The Bible Explained
Spoken Gospel

Book of Psalms Summary: A Complete Animated Overview
BibleProject

Psalm 1 - The Way of the Righteous, and the Way of the Ungodly
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of Psalms -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • The Progression of Sin (v.1) — The blessed man's path is described by what he avoids: walking, then standing, then sitting with the wicked. Sin rarely arrives all at once — it starts with a casual association that becomes a settled identity. Where might you be walking toward something you'd never deliberately sit down in?
  • Delight Over Duty (v.2) — The righteous person isn't defined merely by what he refuses but by what he loves — meditating on God's Word day and night. Is your relationship with Scripture driven by delight, or does it feel like an obligation?
  • Steady Fruit, Constant Life (v.3) — The tree planted by water doesn't bear fruit every season, but its leaf never withers — vitality persists even when visible results don't. Can you trust that God is still at work in you during a season that doesn't feel productive?
  • The Weightlessness of the Wicked (v.4) — Chaff looks like grain from a distance but has no substance and is blown away by the wind. What are you building your life on that might look solid now but has no lasting weight?
  • Known by God (v.6) — The Lord "knows" the way of the righteous — not mere awareness but intimate, protective attention, while the way of the wicked simply perishes. Do you live as someone who is truly known and watched over by God?