Isaiah — Chapter 1

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1The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

2Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth: for the LORD hath spoken, I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

3The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master’s crib: but Israel doth not know, my people doth not consider.

4Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children that are corrupters: they have forsaken the LORD, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel unto anger, they are gone away backward.

5Why should ye be stricken any more? ye will revolt more and more: the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint.

6From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment.

7Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire: your land, strangers devour it in your presence, and it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers.

8And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city.

9Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, and we should have been like unto Gomorrah.

10Hear the word of the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah.

11To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me? saith the LORD: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats.

12When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hand, to tread my courts?

13Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me; the new moons and sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting.

14Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them.

15And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you: yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood.

16Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil;

17Learn to do well; seek judgment, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow.

18Come now, and let us reason together, saith the LORD: though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.

19If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land:

20But if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured with the sword: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

21How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers.

22Thy silver is become dross, thy wine mixed with water:

23Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves: every one loveth gifts, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.

24Therefore saith the Lord, the LORD of hosts, the mighty One of Israel, Ah, I will ease me of mine adversaries, and avenge me of mine enemies:

25And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin:

26And I will restore thy judges as at the first, and thy counsellors as at the beginning: afterward thou shalt be called, The city of righteousness, the faithful city.

27Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness.

28And the destruction of the transgressors and of the sinners shall be together, and they that forsake the LORD shall be consumed.

29For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which ye have desired, and ye shall be confounded for the gardens that ye have chosen.

30For ye shall be as an oak whose leaf fadeth, and as a garden that hath no water.

31And the strong shall be as tow, and the maker of it as a spark, and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them.

1The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

2Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth; for Jehovah hath spoken: I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

3The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master`s crib; [but] Israel doth not know, my people doth not consider.

4Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evil-doers, children that deal corruptly! they have forsaken Jehovah, they have despised the Holy One of Israel, they are estranged [and gone] backward.

5Why will ye be still stricken, that ye revolt more and more? the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint.

6From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; [but] wounds, and bruises, and fresh stripes: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with oil.

7Your country is desolate; your cities are burned with fire; your land, strangers devour it in your presence, and it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers.

8And the daughter of Zion is left as a booth in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city.

9Except Jehovah of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, we should have been like unto Gomorrah.

10Hear the word of Jehovah, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah.

11What unto me is the multitude of your sacrifices? saith Jehovah: I have had enough of the burnt-offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he-goats.

12When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hand, to trample my courts?

13Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me; new moon and sabbath, the calling of assemblies,- I cannot away with iniquity and the solemn meeting.

14Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth; they are a trouble unto me; I am weary of bearing them.

15And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you; yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood.

16Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil;

17learn to do well; seek justice, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow.

18Come now, and let us reason together, saith Jehovah: though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.

19If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land:

20but if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured with the sword; for the mouth of Jehovah hath spoken it.

21How is the faithful city become a harlot! she that was full of justice! righteousness lodged in her, but now murderers.

22Thy silver is become dross, thy wine mixed with water.

23Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves; every one loveth bribes, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.

24Therefore saith the Lord, Jehovah of hosts, the Mighty One of Israel, Ah, I will ease me of mine adversaries, and avenge me of mine enemies;

25and I will turn my hand upon thee, and thoroughly purge away thy dross, and will take away all thy tin;

26and I will restore thy judges as at the first, and thy counsellors as at the beginning: afterward thou shalt be called The city of righteousness, a faithful town.

27Zion shall be redeemed with justice, and her converts with righteousness.

28But the destruction of transgressors and sinners shall be together, and they that forsake Jehovah shall be consumed.

29For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which ye have desired, and ye shall be confounded for the gardens that ye have chosen.

30For ye shall be as an oak whose leaf fadeth, and as a garden that hath no water.

31And the strong shall be as tow, and his work as a spark; and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them.

1Here is the message about Judah and Jerusalem that was revealed to Isaiah son of Amoz during the time when Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah reigned over Judah.

2Listen, O heavens, pay attention, O earth! For the Lord speaks: “I raised children, I brought them up, but they have rebelled against me!

3An ox recognizes its owner, a donkey recognizes where its owner puts its food; but Israel does not recognize me, my people do not understand.”

4Beware sinful nation, the people weighed down by evil deeds. They are offspring who do wrong, children who do wicked things. They have abandoned the Lord, and rejected the Holy One of Israel. They are alienated from him.

5Why do you insist on being battered? Why do you continue to rebel? Your head has a massive wound, your whole heart is sick.

6From the soles of your feet to your head, there is no spot that is unharmed. There are only bruises, cuts, and open wounds. They have not been cleansed or bandaged, nor have they been treated with olive oil.

7Your land is devastated, your cities burned with fire. Right before your eyes your crops are being destroyed by foreign invaders. They leave behind devastation and destruction.

8Daughter Zion is left isolated, like a hut in a vineyard or a shelter in a cucumber field; she is a besieged city.

9If the Lord of Heaven’s Armies had not left us a few survivors, we would have quickly been like Sodom, we would have become like Gomorrah.

10Listen to the Lord’s message, you leaders of Sodom! Pay attention to our God’s rebuke, people of Gomorrah!

11“Of what importance to me are your many sacrifices?” says the Lord. “I have had my fill of burnt sacrifices, of rams and the fat from steers. The blood of bulls, lambs, and goats I do not want.

12When you enter my presence, do you actually think I want this— animals trampling on my courtyards?

13Do not bring any more meaningless offerings; I consider your incense detestable! You observe new moon festivals, Sabbaths, and convocations, but I cannot tolerate sin-stained celebrations!

14I hate your new moon festivals and assemblies; they are a burden that I am tired of carrying.

15When you spread out your hands in prayer, I look the other way; when you offer your many prayers, I do not listen because your hands are covered with blood.

16Wash! Cleanse yourselves! Remove your sinful deeds from my sight. Stop sinning.

17Learn to do what is right. Promote justice. Give the oppressed reason to celebrate. Take up the cause of the orphan. Defend the rights of the widow.

18“Come, let’s consider your options,” says the Lord. “Though your sins have stained you like the color red, you can become white like snow; though they are as easy to see as the color scarlet, you can become white like wool.

19If you have a willing attitude and obey, then you will again eat the good crops of the land.

20But if you refuse and rebel, you will be devoured by the sword.” Know for certain that the Lord has spoken.

21How tragic that the once-faithful city has become a prostitute! She was once a center of justice; fairness resided in her— but now only murderers!

22Your silver has become scum, your beer is diluted with water.

23Your officials are rebels, they associate with thieves. All of them love bribery, and look for payoffs. They do not take up the cause of the orphan or defend the rights of the widow.

24Therefore, the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the Powerful One of Israel, says this: “Ah, I will seek vengeance against my adversaries, I will take revenge against my enemies.

25I will attack you; I will purify your metal with flux. I will remove all your slag.

26I will reestablish honest judges as in former times, wise advisers as in earlier days. Then you will be called, ‘The Just City, Faithful Town.’”

27Zion will be freed by justice and her returnees by righteousness.

28All rebellious sinners will be shattered, those who abandon the Lord will perish.

29Indeed, they will be ashamed of the sacred trees you find so desirable; you will be embarrassed because of the sacred orchards where you choose to worship.

30For you will be like a tree whose leaves wither, like an orchard that is unwatered.

31The powerful will be like a thread of yarn, their deeds like a spark; both will burn together, and no one will put out the fire.

1The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

2Hear, heavens, and listen, earth; for Yahweh has spoken: “I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

3The ox knows his owner, and the donkey his master’s crib; but Israel doesn’t know, my people don’t consider.”

4Ah sinful nation, a people loaded with iniquity, offspring of evildoers, children who deal corruptly! They have forsaken Yahweh. They have despised the Holy One of Israel. They are estranged and backward.

5Why should you be beaten more, that you revolt more and more? The whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint.

6From the sole of the foot even to the head there is no soundness in it: wounds, welts, and open sores. They haven’t been closed, neither bandaged, neither soothed with oil.

7Your country is desolate. Your cities are burned with fire. Strangers devour your land in your presence, and it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers.

8The daughter of Zion is left like a shelter in a vineyard, like a hut in a field of melons, like a besieged city.

9Unless Yahweh of Armies had left to us a very small remnant, we would have been as Sodom; we would have been like Gomorrah.

10Hear Yahweh’s word, you rulers of Sodom! Listen to the law of our God, you people of Gomorrah!

11“What are the multitude of your sacrifices to me?”, says Yahweh. “I have had enough of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed animals. I don’t delight in the blood of bulls, or of lambs, or of male goats.

12When you come to appear before me, who has required this at your hand, to trample my courts?

13Bring no more vain offerings. Incense is an abomination to me; new moons, Sabbaths, and convocations: I can’t stand evil assemblies.

14My soul hates your New Moons and your appointed feasts. They are a burden to me. I am weary of bearing them.

15When you spread out your hands, I will hide my eyes from you. Yes, when you make many prayers, I will not hear. Your hands are full of blood.

16Wash yourselves, make yourself clean. Put away the evil of your doings from before my eyes. Cease to do evil.

17Learn to do well. Seek justice. Relieve the oppressed. Judge the fatherless. Plead for the widow.”

18“Come now, and let us reason together,” says Yahweh: “Though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. Though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.

19If you are willing and obedient, you shall eat the good of the land;

20but if you refuse and rebel, you shall be devoured with the sword; for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it.”

21How the faithful city has become a prostitute! She was full of justice; righteousness lodged in her, but now murderers.

22Your silver has become dross, your wine mixed with water.

23Your princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves. Everyone loves bribes, and follows after rewards. They don’t judge the fatherless, neither does the cause of the widow come to them.

24Therefore the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, the Mighty One of Israel, says: “Ah, I will get relief from my adversaries, and avenge myself on my enemies;

25and I will turn my hand on you, thoroughly purge away your dross, and will take away all your tin.

26I will restore your judges as at the first, and your counselors as at the beginning. Afterward you shall be called ‘The city of righteousness, a faithful town.’

27Zion shall be redeemed with justice, and her converts with righteousness.

28But the destruction of transgressors and sinners shall be together, and those who forsake Yahweh shall be consumed.

29For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which you have desired, and you shall be confounded for the gardens that you have chosen.

30For you shall be as an oak whose leaf fades, and as a garden that has no water.

31The strong will be like tinder, and his work like a spark. They will both burn together, and no one will quench them.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

God calls rebellious Judah to account — though their sins are as scarlet, He offers cleansing if they are willing and obedient, but warns of judgment if they refuse.

Authorship & Background

Author: Isaiah son of Amoz. Prophesied approximately 740-680 BC during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah — kings of Judah. Isaiah is considered the greatest of the writing prophets, often called "the evangelical prophet" because of his extensive messianic prophecies.
Date: Isaiah's ministry spanned approximately 60 years through some of Judah's most turbulent times — including the fall of the northern kingdom (722 BC) and Sennacherib's invasion (701 BC).
Classification: Prophetic Oracle — The Great Arraignment Key Themes: God's lawsuit against His people, the futility of empty religion, the offer of grace amid judgment, the purification of Zion
Historical Context: Chapter 1 serves as a prologue to the entire book — a courtroom scene where God brings charges against Judah. The nation maintains religious observance (sacrifices, festivals, prayers) while living in moral corruption. God calls heaven and earth as witnesses. The imagery moves from disease (vv.5-6) to devastation (v.7) to the daughter of Zion isolated like a hut in a vineyard (v.8). Yet even here, God offers the stunning invitation of v.18 — the scarlet-to-snow transformation.
Structure:
  • The Summons: Heaven and Earth as Witnesses (vv.1-2)
  • The Indictment: Israel More Senseless Than Animals (vv.3-4)
  • The Diagnosis: A Sick Nation (vv.5-9)
  • The Rejection of Empty Worship (vv.10-15)
  • The Call to Repentance (vv.16-20)
  • The Faithful City Become a Harlot (vv.21-23)
  • The Promise of Purification (vv.24-31)

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem (v.1): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.
  • Zion (v.8, v.27): The hill on which Jerusalem/the Temple stood; often used poetically for God's dwelling.
  • Sodom (v.9, v.10): City destroyed by God for its wickedness (Genesis 19).
  • Gomorrah (v.9, v.10): City destroyed alongside Sodom.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines God's courtroom indictment of Judah, the shocking comparison to animals, the rejection of religious externalism, and the stunning grace offer of verse 18.
  • Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "A Gracious Invitation" on v.18 (MTP Vol. 9, No. 509) "Scarlet and crimson are the fast colours — they will not wash out. So it is with sin: no human effort can remove the stain. But what man cannot do, God can. Come now — this very moment — and reason with your God."

Videos

The Bible Project — Isaiah Overview (Video)

Animated overview of the book of Isaiah showing the literary structure, key themes, and how this book fits into the larger biblical narrative. Excellent visual introduction.

Reflection

  • 1. God notices the difference between religious activity and genuine relationship (vv.11-15). Full calendars, loud worship, long prayers — none of it impresses God if it masks injustice and indifference toward the vulnerable. What religious activities might you be using as a substitute for actual obedience?
  • 2. "Your hands are full of blood" (v.15). God won't hear prayers from people who harm others Monday through Saturday and worship on Sunday. Is there anyone you're harming, exploiting, or neglecting while maintaining your spiritual routine?
  • 3. The invitation of verse 18 comes AFTER the indictment, not instead of it. God doesn't minimize sin — He addresses it honestly and then offers cleansing. You don't need to clean yourself up before coming — you come AS scarlet and He makes you snow.
  • 4. "If ye be willing and obedient" (v.19). Willingness without obedience is sentimentality. Obedience without willingness is slavery. God wants BOTH — a heart that wants to obey and feet that actually move.
  • 5. The faithful city became a harlot (v.21). Spiritual decline is not sudden — it's gradual. Jerusalem didn't become corrupt overnight. What small compromises are you making now that could lead somewhere dangerous over time?