Zechariah — Chapter 1

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1In the eighth month of the second year of Darius, the word of the LORD came to the prophet Zechariah son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, saying:

2“The LORD was very angry with your fathers.

3So tell the people that this is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘Return to Me, declares the LORD of Hosts, and I will return to you, says the LORD of Hosts.’

4Do not be like your fathers, to whom the former prophets proclaimed that this is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘Turn now from your evil ways and deeds.’ But they did not listen or pay attention to Me, declares the LORD.

5Where are your fathers now? And the prophets, do they live forever?

6But did not My words and My statutes, which I commanded My servants the prophets, overtake your fathers? They repented and said, ‘Just as the LORD of Hosts purposed to do to us according to our ways and deeds, so He has done to us.’”

7On the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, the month of Shebat, in the second year of Darius, the word of the LORD came to the prophet Zechariah son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo.

8I looked out into the night and saw a man riding on a red horse. He was standing among the myrtle trees in the hollow, and behind him were red, sorrel, and white horses.

9“What are these, my lord?” I asked. And the angel who was speaking with me replied, “I will show you what they are.”

10Then the man standing among the myrtle trees explained, “They are the ones the LORD has sent to patrol the earth.”

11And the riders answered the angel of the LORD who was standing among the myrtle trees, “We have patrolled the earth, and behold, all the earth is at rest and tranquil.”

12Then the angel of the LORD said, “How long, O LORD of Hosts, will You withhold mercy from Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, with which You have been angry these seventy years?”

13So the LORD spoke kind and comforting words to the angel who was speaking with me.

14Then the angel who was speaking with me said, “Proclaim this word: This is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘I am very jealous for Jerusalem and Zion,

15but I am fiercely angry with the nations that are at ease. For I was a little angry, but they have added to the calamity.’

16Therefore this is what the LORD says: ‘I will return to Jerusalem with mercy, and there My house will be rebuilt, declares the LORD of Hosts, and a measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem.’

17Proclaim further that this is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘My cities will again overflow with prosperity; the LORD will again comfort Zion and choose Jerusalem.’”

18Then I looked up and saw four horns.

19So I asked the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these?” And he told me, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.”

20Then the LORD showed me four craftsmen.

21“What are these coming to do?” I asked. And He replied, “These are the horns that scattered Judah so that no one could raise his head; but the craftsmen have come to terrify them and throw down these horns of the nations that have lifted up their horns against the land of Judah to scatter it.”

1In the eighth month, in the second year of Darius, came the word of the LORD unto Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo the prophet, saying,

2The LORD hath been sore displeased with your fathers.

3Therefore say thou unto them, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Turn ye unto me, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will turn unto you, saith the LORD of hosts.

4Be ye not as your fathers, unto whom the former prophets have cried, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Turn ye now from your evil ways, and from your evil doings: but they did not hear, nor hearken unto me, saith the LORD.

5Your fathers, where are they? and the prophets, do they live for ever?

6But my words and my statutes, which I commanded my servants the prophets, did they not take hold of your fathers? and they returned and said, Like as the LORD of hosts thought to do unto us, according to our ways, and according to our doings, so hath he dealt with us.

7Upon the four and twentieth day of the eleventh month, which is the month Sebat, in the second year of Darius, came the word of the LORD unto Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo the prophet, saying,

8I saw by night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle trees that were in the bottom; and behind him were there red horses, speckled, and white.

9Then said I, O my lord, what are these? And the angel that talked with me said unto me, I will shew thee what these be.

10And the man that stood among the myrtle trees answered and said, These are they whom the LORD hath sent to walk to and fro through the earth.

11And they answered the angel of the LORD that stood among the myrtle trees, and said, We have walked to and fro through the earth, and, behold, all the earth sitteth still, and is at rest.

12Then the angel of the LORD answered and said, O LORD of hosts, how long wilt thou not have mercy on Jerusalem and on the cities of Judah, against which thou hast had indignation these threescore and ten years?

13And the LORD answered the angel that talked with me with good words and comfortable words.

14So the angel that communed with me said unto me, Cry thou, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; I am jealous for Jerusalem and for Zion with a great jealousy.

15And I am very sore displeased with the heathen that are at ease: for I was but a little displeased, and they helped forward the affliction.

16Therefore thus saith the LORD; I am returned to Jerusalem with mercies: my house shall be built in it, saith the LORD of hosts, and a line shall be stretched forth upon Jerusalem.

17Cry yet, saying, Thus saith the LORD of hosts; My cities through prosperity shall yet be spread abroad; and the LORD shall yet comfort Zion, and shall yet choose Jerusalem.

18Then lifted I up mine eyes, and saw, and behold four horns.

19And I said unto the angel that talked with me, What be these? And he answered me, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.

20And the LORD shewed me four carpenters.

21Then said I, What come these to do? And he spake, saying, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, so that no man did lift up his head: but these are come to fray them, to cast out the horns of the Gentiles, which lifted up their horn over the land of Judah to scatter it.

1In the eighth month, in the second year of Darius, came the word of Jehovah unto Zechariah the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, the prophet, saying,

2Jehovah was sore displeased with your fathers.

3Therefore say thou unto them, Thus saith Jehovah of hosts: Return unto me, saith Jehovah of hosts, and I will return unto you, saith Jehovah of hosts.

4Be ye not as your fathers, unto whom the former prophets cried, saying, Thus saith Jehovah of hosts, Return ye now from your evil ways, and from your evil doings: but they did not hear, nor hearken unto me, saith Jehovah.

5Your fathers, where are they? and the prophets, do they live for ever?

6But my words and my statutes, which I commanded my servants the prophets, did they not overtake your fathers? and they turned and said, Like as Jehovah of hosts thought to do unto us, according to our ways, and according to our doings, so hath he dealt with us.

7Upon the four and twentieth day of the eleventh month, which is the month Shebat, in the second year of Darius, came the word of Jehovah unto Zechariah the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, the prophet, saying,

8I saw in the night, and, behold, a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle-trees that were in the bottom; and behind him there were horses, red, sorrel, and white.

9Then said I, O my lord, what are these? And the angel that talked with me said unto me, I will show thee what these are.

10And the man that stood among the myrtle-trees answered and said, These are they whom Jehovah hath sent to walk to and fro through the earth.

11And they answered the angel of Jehovah that stood among the myrtle-trees, and said, We have walked to and fro through the earth, and, behold, all the earth sitteth still, and is at rest.

12Then the angel of Jehovah answered and said, O Jehovah of hosts, how long wilt thou not have mercy on Jerusalem and on the cities of Judah, against which thou hast had indignation these threescore and ten years?

13And Jehovah answered the angel that talked with me with good words, [even] comfortable words.

14So the angel that talked with me said unto me, Cry thou, saying, Thus saith Jehovah of hosts: I am jealous for Jerusalem and for Zion with a great jealousy.

15And I am very sore displeased with the nations that are at ease; for I was but a little displeased, and they helped forward the affliction.

16Therefore thus saith Jehovah: I am returned to Jerusalem with mercies; my house shall be built in it, saith Jehovah of hosts, and a line shall be stretched forth over Jerusalem.

17Cry yet again, saying, Thus saith Jehovah of hosts: My cities shall yet overflow with prosperity; and Jehovah shall yet comfort Zion, and shall yet choose Jerusalem.

18And I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, four horns.

19And I said unto the angel that talked with me, What are these? And he answered me, These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.

20And Jehovah showed me four smiths.

21Then said I, What come these to do? And he spake, saying, These are the horns which scattered Judah, so that no man did lift up his head; but these are come to terrify them, to cast down the horns of the nations, which lifted up their horn against the land of Judah to scatter it.

1In the eighth month of Darius’ second year, the Lord’s message came to the prophet Zechariah, son of Berechiah son of Iddo:

2“The Lord was very angry with your ancestors.

3Therefore say to the people: The Lord of Heaven’s Armies says, ‘Turn to me,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, ‘and I will turn to you,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.

4Do not be like your ancestors, to whom the former prophets called out, saying, ‘This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said, “Turn now from your evil wickedness.”’ But they would by no means obey me,” says the Lord.

5“As for your ancestors, where are they? And did the prophets live forever?

6But have my words and statutes, which I commanded my servants the prophets, not outlived your fathers? Then they paid attention and confessed, ‘The Lord of Heaven’s Armies has indeed done what he said he would do to us, because of our sinful ways.’”

7On the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, the month Shebat, in Darius’ second year, the Lord’s message came to the prophet Zechariah, son of Berechiah son of Iddo:

8I was attentive that night and saw a man seated on a red horse that stood among some myrtle trees in the ravine. Behind him were red, sorrel, and white horses.

9Then I asked one nearby, “What are these, sir?” The angelic messenger who replied to me said, “I will show you what these are.”

10Then the man standing among the myrtle trees spoke up and said, “These are the ones whom the Lord has sent to walk about on the earth.”

11The riders then agreed with the angel of the Lord, who was standing among the myrtle trees, “We have been walking about on the earth, and now everything is at rest and quiet.”

12The angel of the Lord then asked, “O Lord of Heaven’s Armies, how long before you have compassion on Jerusalem and the other cities of Judah that you have been so angry with for these 70 years?”

13The Lord then addressed good, comforting words to the angelic messenger who was speaking to me.

14Turning to me, the messenger then said, “Cry out that the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says, ‘I am very much moved for Jerusalem and for Zion.

15But I am greatly displeased with the nations that take my grace for granted. I was a little displeased with them, but they have only made things worse for themselves.

16“‘Therefore,’ this is what the Lord has said, ‘I have become compassionate toward Jerusalem and will rebuild my temple in it,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. ‘Once more a surveyor’s measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem.’

17Speak up again with the message of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies: ‘My cities will once more overflow with prosperity, and once more the Lord will comfort Zion and validate his choice of Jerusalem.’”

18(2:1) Once again I looked and this time I saw four horns.

19So I asked the angelic messenger who spoke with me, “What are these?” He replied, “These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.”

20Next the Lord showed me four blacksmiths.

21I asked, “What are these going to do?” He answered, “These horns are the ones that have scattered Judah so that there is no one to be seen. But the blacksmiths have come to terrify Judah’s enemies and cut off the horns of the nations that have thrust themselves against the land of Judah in order to scatter its people.”

1In the eighth month, in the second year of Darius, Yahweh’s word came to Zechariah the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, the prophet, saying,

2“Yahweh was very displeased with your fathers.

3Therefore tell them: Yahweh of Armies says: ‘Return to me,’ says Yahweh of Armies, ‘and I will return to you,’ says Yahweh of Armies.

4Don’t you be like your fathers, to whom the former prophets proclaimed, saying: Yahweh of Armies says, ‘Return now from your evil ways, and from your evil doings;’ but they did not hear, nor listen to me, says Yahweh.

5Your fathers, where are they? And the prophets, do they live forever?

6But my words and my decrees, which I commanded my servants the prophets, didn’t they overtake your fathers? “Then they repented and said, ‘Just as Yahweh of Armies determined to do to us, according to our ways, and according to our practices, so he has dealt with us.’”

7On the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month Shebat, in the second year of Darius, Yahweh’s word came to Zechariah the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo, the prophet, saying,

8“I had a vision in the night, and behold, a man riding on a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle trees that were in a ravine; and behind him there were red, brown, and white horses.

9Then I asked, ‘My lord, what are these?’” The angel who talked with me said to me, “I will show you what these are.”

10The man who stood among the myrtle trees answered, “They are the ones Yahweh has sent to go back and forth through the earth.”

11They reported to Yahweh’s angel who stood among the myrtle trees, and said, “We have walked back and forth through the earth, and behold, all the earth is at rest and in peace.”

12Then Yahweh’s angel replied, “O Yahweh of Armies, how long will you not have mercy on Jerusalem and on the cities of Judah, against which you have had indignation these seventy years?”

13Yahweh answered the angel who talked with me with kind and comforting words.

14So the angel who talked with me said to me, “Proclaim, saying, ‘Yahweh of Armies says: “I am jealous for Jerusalem and for Zion with a great jealousy.

15I am very angry with the nations that are at ease; for I was but a little displeased, but they added to the calamity.”

16Therefore Yahweh says: “I have returned to Jerusalem with mercy. My house shall be built in it,” says Yahweh of Armies, “and a line shall be stretched out over Jerusalem.”’

17“Proclaim further, saying, ‘Yahweh of Armies says: “My cities will again overflow with prosperity, and Yahweh will again comfort Zion, and will again choose Jerusalem.”’”

18I lifted up my eyes, and saw, and behold, four horns.

19I asked the angel who talked with me, “What are these?” He answered me, “These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.”

20Yahweh showed me four craftsmen.

21Then I asked, “What are these coming to do?” He said, “These are the horns which scattered Judah, so that no man lifted up his head; but these have come to terrify them, to cast down the horns of the nations, which lifted up their horn against the land of Judah to scatter it.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Zechariah's first message calls Judah to return to the Lord, since their ancestors ignored the earlier prophets and paid for it (vv. 1-6). Two months later he has a night vision of a rider on a red horse among the myrtle trees, backed by patrol horses reporting that the whole earth is at ease while Jerusalem still lies desolate (vv. 7-11). An angel intercedes, and the Lord answers with comfort, declaring his jealous love for Zion, his anger at the complacent nations, and his promise to rebuild his house and again choose Jerusalem (vv. 12-17). A final vision shows four horns that scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem, confronted by four craftsmen sent to terrify and cast them down (vv. 18-21).

Authorship & Background

Author: Zechariah son of Berechiah. Prophesied 520-480 BC. Contemporary with Haggai. Key theme: Messianic hope and the coming kingdom. The most Messianic of the Minor Prophets. Famous passages: the Branch (3:8, 6:12), "Not by might... but by my spirit" (4:6), the triumphal entry (9:9), "they shall look upon me whom they have pierced" (12:10), the shepherd struck (13:7), and the LORD's return to the Mount of Olives (14:4).
Classification: Prophetic Vision — The Call to Return and the Horsemen Among the Myrtles
Key Themes: A call to repentance, God's jealousy for Jerusalem, angelic patrols reporting on the earth, God's comfort and restoration, the four horns and four craftsmen
Historical Context: Zechariah begins his ministry in the eighth month of the second year of Darius (October/November 520 BC) — two months after Haggai's first oracle. Like Haggai, Zechariah encourages the returned exiles to rebuild the Temple, but his approach is vastly different: where Haggai is direct and practical, Zechariah is visionary and apocalyptic.
The Call to Repentance: Return unto Me (vv.1-6): The book opens two months after Haggai's first oracle, in the eighth month of Darius' second year, and it does not open with a vision. It opens with an argument from family history. Turn ye unto me, and I will turn unto you. Your fathers, where are they? and the prophets, do they live for ever? Both generations are dead, the warned and the warners, and only one thing outlasted them, my words did take hold of them. The point is aimed at men rebuilding a temple: the previous generation heard this and lost the city. And the response is recorded, they returned and said, Like as the LORD of hosts thought to do unto us, so hath he dealt with us.
The First Night Vision: Horsemen Among the Myrtles (vv.7-11): Three months later, in a single night, eight visions arrive. The first is a man on a red horse standing among the myrtle trees in a low place, with horses behind him. Their report is the problem the whole book answers: we have walked to and fro through the earth, and behold, all the earth sitteth still, and is at rest. That sounds like good news and it is not. The empires are comfortable, and Jerusalem is a building site with no walls. The patrol has found a settled world that has forgotten what it did.
The Angel's Intercession and God's Answer (vv.12-17): The angel of the LORD asks the question the returned exiles could not ask out loud. O LORD of hosts, how long wilt thou not have mercy on Jerusalem, against which thou hast had indignation these threescore and ten years? Seventy years is Jeremiah's number, and it has run out. The answer comes in good words and comfortable words. I am jealous for Jerusalem with a great jealousy, and I am very sore displeased with the heathen, for I was but a little displeased, and they helped forward the affliction. The instruments of judgment exceeded their brief. Then the promise, my house shall be built in it, and a line shall be stretched forth upon Jerusalem.
The Second Vision: Four Horns and Four Craftsmen (vv.18-21): Four horns, which are the powers that scattered Judah and Israel and Jerusalem. Then four carpenters, and the word covers any worker in wood or metal or stone. They come to fray them, to cast out the horns of the nations. The arithmetic is deliberate, one craftsman for each horn, and the vision answers the first one: the earth is at rest, and there are already four workmen on the way. Nothing is asked of Judah in this vision at all.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem (v.12, v.14, v.16): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.
  • Zion (v.14, v.17): The hill on which Jerusalem/the Temple stood; often used poetically for God's dwelling.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Verse-by-verse commentary on this chapter, written for the everyday reader and freely available online.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Zechariah 1-2 | God Returns to His People | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

A Summary of the Book of Zechariah | GotQuestions.org
Got Questions Ministries

Zechariah: The Bible Explained
Spoken Gospel

Book of Zechariah Summary: A Complete Animated Overview
BibleProject

Return To Me - Zechariah 1:3
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Zechariah -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • An Invitation to Return (v.3) — God simply asks the people to turn to Him and promises He will turn to them in response, with no demand to clean up first. What's kept you from taking that first step back toward God?
  • Not Bound by the Past Generation's Failures (v.5) — God reminds the people that their fathers and the prophets who warned them are both long gone, but His word still stands. Are you carrying patterns from your family's past that you could choose to break instead of repeat?
  • God's Fierce Commitment to His People (v.14) — The angel proclaims that the Lord is jealous for Jerusalem and Zion with great intensity. Does it change how you view your relationship with God to know His pursuit of you is fierce and protective, not distant or indifferent?
  • An Answer Already Prepared (vv.18-21) — For every horn that scattered Judah, God shows Zechariah a craftsman sent to cut it down. What opposition in your life do you need to trust God has already appointed an answer for, even if you can't see it yet?