Acts — Chapter 1

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1In my first book, O Theophilus, I wrote about all that Jesus began to do and to teach,

2until the day He was taken up to heaven, after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles He had chosen.

3After His suffering, He presented Himself to them with many convincing proofs that He was alive. He appeared to them over a span of forty days and spoke about the kingdom of God.

4And while they were gathered together, He commanded them: “Do not leave Jerusalem, but wait for the gift the Father promised, which you have heard Me discuss.

5For John baptized with water, but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.”

6So when they came together, they asked Him, “Lord, will You at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?”

7Jesus replied, “It is not for you to know times or seasons that the Father has fixed by His own authority.

8But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, and you will be My witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.”

9After He had said this, they watched as He was taken up, and a cloud hid Him from their sight.

10They were looking intently into the sky as He was going, when suddenly two men dressed in white stood beside them.

11“Men of Galilee,” they said, “why do you stand here looking into the sky? This same Jesus, who has been taken from you into heaven, will come back in the same way you have seen Him go into heaven.”

12Then they returned to Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives, which is near the city, a Sabbath day’s journey away.

13When they arrived, they went to the upper room where they were staying: Peter and John, James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas son of James.

14With one accord they all continued in prayer, along with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with His brothers.

15In those days Peter stood up among the brothers (a gathering of about a hundred and twenty) and said,

16“Brothers, the Scripture had to be fulfilled that the Holy Spirit foretold through the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide for those who arrested Jesus.

17He was one of our number and shared in this ministry.”

18(Now with the reward for his wickedness Judas bought a field; there he fell headlong and burst open in the middle, and all his intestines spilled out.

19This became known to all who lived in Jerusalem, so they called that field in their own language Akeldama, that is, Field of Blood.)

20“For it is written in the book of Psalms: ‘May his place be deserted; let there be no one to dwell in it,’ and, ‘May another take his position.’

21Therefore it is necessary to choose one of the men who have accompanied us the whole time the Lord Jesus went in and out among us,

22beginning from John’s baptism until the day Jesus was taken up from us. For one of these must become a witness with us of His resurrection.”

23So they proposed two men: Joseph called Barsabbas (also known as Justus) and Matthias.

24And they prayed, “Lord, You know everyone’s heart. Show us which of these two You have chosen

25to take up this ministry and apostleship, which Judas abandoned to go to his rightful place.”

26Then they cast lots, and the lot fell to Matthias. So he was added to the eleven apostles.

1The former treatise have I made, O Theophilus, of all that Jesus began both to do and teach,

2Until the day in which he was taken up, after that he through the Holy Ghost had given commandments unto the apostles whom he had chosen:

3To whom also he shewed himself alive after his passion by many infallible proofs, being seen of them forty days, and speaking of the things pertaining to the kingdom of God:

4And, being assembled together with them, commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which, saith he, ye have heard of me.

5For John truly baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence.

6When they therefore were come together, they asked of him, saying, Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel?

7And he said unto them, It is not for you to know the times or the seasons, which the Father hath put in his own power.

8But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth.

9And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight.

10And while they looked stedfastly toward heaven as he went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel;

11Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven.

12Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day’s journey.

13And when they were come in, they went up into an upper room, where abode both Peter, and James, and John, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon Zelotes, and Judas the brother of James.

14These all continued with one accord in prayer and supplication, with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brethren.

15And in those days Peter stood up in the midst of the disciples, and said, (the number of names together were about an hundred and twenty,)

16Men and brethren, this scripture must needs have been fulfilled, which the Holy Ghost by the mouth of David spake before concerning Judas, which was guide to them that took Jesus.

17For he was numbered with us, and had obtained part of this ministry.

18Now this man purchased a field with the reward of iniquity; and falling headlong, he burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out.

19And it was known unto all the dwellers at Jerusalem; insomuch as that field is called in their proper tongue, Aceldama, that is to say, The field of blood.

20For it is written in the book of Psalms, Let his habitation be desolate, and let no man dwell therein: and his bishoprick let another take.

21Wherefore of these men which have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us,

22Beginning from the baptism of John, unto that same day that he was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection.

23And they appointed two, Joseph called Barsabas, who was surnamed Justus, and Matthias.

24And they prayed, and said, Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts of all men, shew whether of these two thou hast chosen,

25That he may take part of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas by transgression fell, that he might go to his own place.

26And they gave forth their lots; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.

1The former treatise I made, O Theophilus, concerning all that Jesus began both to do and to teach,

2until the day in which he was received up, after that he had given commandment through the Holy Spirit unto the apostles whom he had chosen:

3To whom he also showed himself alive after his passion by many proofs, appearing unto them by the space of forty days, and speaking the things concerning the kingdom of God:

4and, being assembled together with them, he charged them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the promise of the Father, which, [said he], ye heard from me:

5For John indeed baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized in the Holy Spirit not many days hence.

6They therefore, when they were come together, asked him, saying, Lord, dost thou at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?

7And he said unto them, It is not for you to know times or seasons, which the Father hath set within His own authority.

8But ye shall receive power, when the Holy Spirit is come upon you: and ye shall be my witnesses both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea and Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth.

9And when he had said these things, as they were looking, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight.

10And while they were looking stedfastly into heaven as he went, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel;

11who also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye looking into heaven? this Jesus, who was received up from you into heaven shall so come in like manner as ye beheld him going into heaven.

12Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is nigh unto Jerusalem, a Sabbath day`s journey off.

13And when they were come in, they went up into the upper chamber, where they were abiding; both Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James [the son] of Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas [the son] of James.

14These all with one accord continued stedfastly in prayer, with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brethren.

15And in these days Peter stood up in the midst of the brethren, and said (and there was a multitude of persons [gathered] together, about a hundred and twenty),

16Brethren, it was needful that the Scripture should be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit spake before by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who was guide to them that took Jesus.

17For he was numbered among us, and received his portion in this ministry.

18(Now this man obtained a field with the reward of his iniquity; and falling headlong, he burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out.

19And it became known to all the dwellers at Jerusalem; insomuch that in their language that field was called Akeldama, that is, The field of blood.)

20For it is written in the book of Psalms, Let his habitation be made desolate, And let no man dwell therein: and, His office let another take.

21Of the men therefore that have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and went out among us,

22beginning from the baptism of John, unto the day that he was received up from us, of these must one become a witness with us of his resurrection.

23And they put forward two, Joseph called Barsabbas, who was surnamed Justus, and Matthias.

24And they prayed, and said, Thou, Lord, who knowest the hearts of all men, show of these two the one whom thou hast chosen,

25to take the place in this ministry and apostleship from which Judas fell away, that he might go to his own place.

26And they gave lots for them; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was numbered with the eleven apostles.

1I wrote the former account, Theophilus, about all that Jesus began to do and teach

2until the day he was taken up to heaven, after he had given orders by the Holy Spirit to the apostles he had chosen.

3To the same apostles also, after his suffering, he presented himself alive with many convincing proofs. He was seen by them over a forty-day period and spoke about matters concerning the kingdom of God.

4While he was with them, he declared, “Do not leave Jerusalem, but wait there for what my Father promised, which you heard about from me.

5For John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.”

6So when they had gathered together, they began to ask him, “Lord, is this the time when you are restoring the kingdom to Israel?”

7He told them, “You are not permitted to know the times or periods that the Father has set by his own authority.

8But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the farthest parts of the earth.”

9After he had said this, while they were watching, he was lifted up and a cloud hid him from their sight.

10As they were still staring into the sky while he was going, suddenly two men in white clothing stood near them

11and said, “Men of Galilee, why do you stand here looking up into the sky? This same Jesus who has been taken up from you into heaven will come back in the same way you saw him go into heaven.”

12Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mountain called the Mount of Olives (which is near Jerusalem, a Sabbath day’s journey away).

13When they had entered Jerusalem, they went to the upstairs room where they were staying. Peter and John, and James, and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James son of Alphaeus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas son of James were there.

14All these continued together in prayer with one mind, together with the women, along with Mary the mother of Jesus, and his brothers.

15In those days Peter stood up among the believers (a gathering of about 120 people) and said,

16“Brothers, the scripture had to be fulfilled that the Holy Spirit foretold through David concerning Judas—who became the guide for those who arrested Jesus—

17for he was counted as one of us and received a share in this ministry.”

18(Now this man Judas acquired a field with the reward of his unjust deed, and falling headfirst he burst open in the middle and all his intestines gushed out.

19This became known to all who lived in Jerusalem, so that in their own language they called that field Hakeldama, that is, “Field of Blood.”)

20“For it is written in the book of Psalms, ‘Let his house become deserted, and let there be no one to live in it,’ and ‘Let another take his position of responsibility.’

21Thus one of the men who have accompanied us during all the time the Lord Jesus associated with us,

22beginning from his baptism by John until the day he was taken up from us—one of these must become a witness of his resurrection together with us.”

23So they proposed two candidates: Joseph called Barsabbas (also called Justus) and Matthias.

24Then they prayed, “Lord, you know the hearts of all. Show us which one of these two you have chosen

25to assume the task of this service and apostleship from which Judas turned aside to go to his own place.”

26Then they cast lots for them, and the one chosen was Matthias; so he was counted with the eleven apostles.

1The first book I wrote, Theophilus, concerned all that Jesus began both to do and to teach,

2until the day in which he was received up, after he had given commandment through the Holy Spirit to the apostles whom he had chosen.

3To these he also showed himself alive after he suffered, by many proofs, appearing to them over a period of forty days, and speaking about God’s Kingdom.

4Being assembled together with them, he commanded them, “Don’t depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which you heard from me.

5For John indeed baptized in water, but you will be baptized in the Holy Spirit not many days from now.”

6Therefore when they had come together, they asked him, “Lord, are you now restoring the kingdom to Israel?”

7He said to them, “It isn’t for you to know times or seasons which the Father has set within his own authority.

8But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you. You will be witnesses to me in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the uttermost parts of the earth.”

9When he had said these things, as they were looking, he was taken up, and a cloud received him out of their sight.

10While they were looking steadfastly into the sky as he went, behold, two men stood by them in white clothing,

11who also said, “You men of Galilee, why do you stand looking into the sky? This Jesus, who was received up from you into the sky, will come back in the same way as you saw him going into the sky.”

12Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mountain called Olivet, which is near Jerusalem, a Sabbath day’s journey away.

13When they had come in, they went up into the upper room, where they were staying; that is Peter, John, James, Andrew, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.

14All these with one accord continued steadfastly in prayer and supplication, along with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brothers.

15In these days, Peter stood up in the middle of the disciples (and the number of names was about one hundred twenty), and said,

16“Brothers, it was necessary that this Scripture should be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit spoke before by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who was guide to those who took Jesus.

17For he was counted with us, and received his portion in this ministry.

18Now this man obtained a field with the reward for his wickedness, and falling headlong, his body burst open, and all his intestines gushed out.

19It became known to everyone who lived in Jerusalem that in their language that field was called ‘Akeldama,’ that is, ‘The field of blood.’

20For it is written in the book of Psalms, ‘Let his habitation be made desolate. Let no one dwell therein;’ and, ‘Let another take his office.’

21“Of the men therefore who have accompanied us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us,

22beginning from the baptism of John, to the day that he was received up from us, of these one must become a witness with us of his resurrection.”

23They put forward two, Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also called Justus, and Matthias.

24They prayed, and said, “You, Lord, who know the hearts of all men, show which one of these two you have chosen

25to take part in this ministry and apostleship from which Judas fell away, that he might go to his own place.”

26They drew lots for them, and the lot fell on Matthias, and he was counted with the eleven apostles.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Luke opens by addressing Theophilus and recalling Jesus' teaching up to his ascension (vv. 1-3). Jesus tells the apostles to wait in Jerusalem for the Father's promise, saying they will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes and will be his witnesses to the ends of the earth (vv. 4-8). He is then taken up into a cloud before their eyes from the Mount of Olives, and two angels promise he will return the same way (vv. 9-11). Back in Jerusalem, the apostles join the women and Jesus' brothers in constant prayer (v. 14), and Peter leads the group in choosing Matthias by lot to replace Judas among the twelve (vv. 15-26).

Authorship & Background

Author: Luke, the physician and companion of Paul. Acts is the second volume of Luke's two-part work (Luke-Acts), addressed to the same Theophilus (v.1). Luke was an eyewitness to many events in Acts (the "we" passages beginning in Acts 16:10).
Date Written: Approximately AD 62-63, likely while Paul was imprisoned in Rome.
Purpose: To record the spread of the Gospel from Jerusalem to Rome — from Jews to Gentiles — through the power of the Holy Spirit. Acts 1:8 provides the outline: Jerusalem (chs.1-7), Judea and Samaria (chs.8-12), and the uttermost part of the earth (chs.13-28).
Chapter 1 Content: The ascension of Jesus (vv.1-11), the disciples' prayer and unity (vv.12-14), and the replacement of Judas with Matthias (vv.15-26). This chapter bridges the Gospels and the church age — Jesus departs physically but promises the Spirit's power.
"Began both to do and teach" (v.1): Luke's Gospel recorded what Jesus BEGAN to do. Acts records what He CONTINUES to do — through His Spirit in His church. Jesus' ministry didn't end at the ascension; it expanded.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: A former treatise continued, forty days of instruction, a question about timing redirected, power promised for witness, a visible ascension with a promise of return, and a vacancy filled by lot
The Former Treatise, and Forty Days (vv.1-3): Luke addresses Theophilus again and refers back to his Gospel, which makes Acts the second volume of a single work rather than a sequel. The resurrection appearances are summarized as spanning forty days with “many infallible proofs”, and their subject is named: things pertaining to the kingdom of God. That Jesus spent the period teaching rather than only appearing is easy to read past.
Wait for the Promise (vv.4-5): The command given to men holding a worldwide commission is to stay put. The promise is identified by contrast with John's baptism, and the interval is left deliberately vague — “not many days hence” — so that the waiting is real rather than scheduled. Nothing in the chapter treats the delay as wasted time.
It Is Not for You to Know the Times (vv.6-7): The disciples ask about restoring the kingdom to Israel. The chapter neither mocks the question nor answers it: Jesus declines the timetable specifically, placing times and seasons in the Father's authority. What is refused is the schedule rather than the hope, a distinction worth holding onto given how often the question has been pressed since.
Ye Shall Be Witnesses (v.8): Information is replaced with assignment: power when the Spirit comes, then witness in Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, and to the uttermost part of the earth. That geography is also the shape of the book, so the verse doubles as a table of contents. The word for witness is the ordinary term for someone testifying to what they have seen, which is why the qualification in v.21 matters later.
Taken Up, and a Promise of Return (vv.9-11): The ascension is reported plainly and briefly — taken up, received by a cloud, out of sight. Two men in white clothing ask why they stand looking up, and give the promise that has shaped Christian expectation since: He will come “in like manner as ye have seen him go”. The question is gentle but it is a correction, and it turns them back toward the assignment just given.
Continuing in Prayer with One Accord (vv.12-14): The eleven are listed, and with them the women, Mary the mother of Jesus, and His brothers — brothers who had not believed during His ministry (John 7:5), so their presence records a change without commenting on it. They are in an upper room and continuing with one accord in prayer. This is the last mention of Mary in the New Testament.
Peter Reads the Vacancy from Scripture (vv.15-22): Peter stands among about a hundred and twenty and treats Judas's defection as something Scripture had already accounted for, citing two psalms. Luke adds the account of the field and the death as an aside for readers who would not know Jerusalem. The qualifications set for a replacement are strict and entirely backward-looking: present from John's baptism through the ascension, and able to witness to the resurrection.
Matthias Chosen by Lot (vv.23-26): Two candidates are put forward, the assembly prays that God would show which He has chosen, and lots are cast. The method has been argued over ever since, partly because lots never appear again in Acts once the Spirit comes. Matthias is not mentioned again either, and of the two silences the one about the practice may be the more telling.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem (v.4): Jesus commanded the disciples to wait in Jerusalem for the promise of the Father (the Holy Spirit).
  • The Mount of Olives (v.12): Jesus ascended from the Mount of Olives, about a "Sabbath day's journey" (~3/4 mile) from Jerusalem.
  • Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, and the uttermost parts of the earth (v.8): The geographic outline of the entire book of Acts — the Gospel expanding in concentric circles from Jerusalem outward.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • Mount of OlivesJerusalemA limestone ridge just east of Jerusalem, separated from the city by the Kidron Valley and about 250 feet higher, so it looks straight down into the temple courts. The road to Jericho and Bethany crosses it, which is why Jesus is so often on it. Wikipedia
  • SamariaSebastia, West BankOmri bought a bare hill and built a capital on it, which gave the northern kingdom a fortress with no prior claim on it, the same calculation David made with Jerusalem. It commands the pass west toward the coastal plain. The name later spread to the whole region between Galilee and Judea. Wikipedia
  • Judeasouthern Israel and the West BankThe southern hill country around Jerusalem, high, stony and dry, with the wilderness on one side and the Philistine plain on the other. Poor farming and hard access are what let it stay independent longest. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the transition from the Gospels to Acts, the ascension, the disciples' question about the kingdom, Acts 1:8 as the book's outline, and the selection of Matthias.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Book of Acts Summary: A Complete Animated Overview (Part 1)
BibleProject

Acts 1-2 | Pentecost | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Acts: The Bible Explained
Spoken Gospel

Acts 1:1-11 - Promised Power
David Guzik

Acts 1:12-26 - Decision Time
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Acts -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Christ's Ongoing Work (v.1) — Luke's Gospel recorded what Jesus began to do and teach; Acts records what He continues to do through His Spirit in His people. Where do you need to remember that Jesus is still actively working through your life today?
  • Mission Over Timelines (vv.7-8) — Jesus redirects the disciples' curiosity about the kingdom's timing toward their calling to be Spirit-empowered witnesses. Are you more preoccupied with when God will act than with what He's already called you to do?
  • Gazing or Going (v.11) — As the disciples stood staring into the sky after the ascension, the angels asked why they were still standing there instead of moving toward their mission. Is there an area where you're waiting on God when He's already told you to go?
  • Unity in Prayer (v.14) — Before the Spirit came in power at Pentecost, the believers devoted themselves to prayer together with one mind. How does your prayer life compare when it's personal versus when it's shared with others?
  • Trusting God's Sovereignty (v.26) — The apostles cast lots to choose Matthias, submitting the outcome of an important decision to God rather than forcing their own preference. When you face a major decision, do you make room for God to have the final say?