Ezra — Chapter 1

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1Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,

2Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, The LORD God of heaven hath given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he hath charged me to build him an house at Jerusalem, which is in Judah.

3Who is there among you of all his people? his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of the LORD God of Israel, (he is the God,) which is in Jerusalem.

4And whosoever remaineth in any place where he sojourneth, let the men of his place help him with silver, and with gold, and with goods, and with beasts, beside the freewill offering for the house of God that is in Jerusalem.

5Then rose up the chief of the fathers of Judah and Benjamin, and the priests, and the Levites, with all them whose spirit God had raised, to go up to build the house of the LORD which is in Jerusalem.

6And all they that were about them strengthened their hands with vessels of silver, with gold, with goods, and with beasts, and with precious things, beside all that was willingly offered.

7Also Cyrus the king brought forth the vessels of the house of the LORD, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought forth out of Jerusalem, and had put them in the house of his gods;

8Even those did Cyrus king of Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and numbered them unto Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah.

9And this is the number of them: thirty chargers of gold, a thousand chargers of silver, nine and twenty knives,

10Thirty basons of gold, silver basons of a second sort four hundred and ten, and other vessels a thousand.

11All the vessels of gold and of silver were five thousand and four hundred. All these did Sheshbazzar bring up with them of the captivity that were brought up from Babylon unto Jerusalem.

1Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of Jehovah by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, Jehovah stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and [put it] also in writing, saying,

2Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath Jehovah, the God of heaven, given me; and he hath charged me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.

3Whosoever there is among you of all his people, his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of Jehovah, the God of Israel (he is God), which is in Jerusalem.

4And whosoever is left, in any place where he sojourneth, let the men of his place help him with silver, and with gold, and with goods, and with beasts, besides the freewill-offering for the house of God which is in Jerusalem.

5Then rose up the heads of fathers` [houses] of Judah and Benjamin, and the priests, and the Levites, even all whose spirit God had stirred to go up to build the house of Jehovah which is in Jerusalem.

6And all they that were round about them strengthened their hands with vessels of silver, with gold, with goods, and with beasts, and with precious things, besides all that was willingly offered.

7Also Cyrus the king brought forth the vessels of the house of Jehovah, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought forth out of Jerusalem, and had put in the house of his gods;

8even those did Cyrus king of Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and numbered them unto Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah.

9And this is the number of them: thirty platters of gold, a thousand platters of silver, nine and twenty knives,

10thirty bowls of gold, silver bowls of a second sort four hundred and ten, and other vessels a thousand.

11All the vessels of gold and of silver were five thousand and four hundred. All these did Sheshbazzar bring up, when they of the captivity were brought up from Babylon unto Jerusalem.

1In the first year of King Cyrus of Persia, in fulfillment of the Lord’s message spoken through Jeremiah, the Lord motivated King Cyrus of Persia to issue a proclamation throughout his kingdom and also to put it in writing. It read:

2“This is what King Cyrus of Persia says: “‘The Lord God of heaven has given me all the kingdoms of the earth. He has appointed me to build a temple for him in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.

3Anyone of his people among you (may his God be with him!) may go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and may build the temple of the Lord God of Israel—he is the God who is in Jerusalem.

4Anyone who survives in any of those places where he is a resident foreigner must be helped by his neighbors with silver, gold, equipment, and animals, along with voluntary offerings for the temple of God which is in Jerusalem.’”

5Then the leaders of Judah and Benjamin, along with the priests and the Levites—all those whose mind God had stirred—got ready to go up in order to build the temple of the Lord in Jerusalem.

6All their neighbors assisted them with silver utensils, gold, equipment, animals, and expensive gifts, not to mention all the voluntary offerings.

7Then King Cyrus brought out the vessels of the Lord’s temple which Nebuchadnezzar had brought from Jerusalem and had displayed in the temple of his gods.

8King Cyrus of Persia entrusted them to Mithredath the treasurer, who counted them out to Sheshbazzar the leader of the Judahite exiles.

9The inventory of these items was as follows: 30 gold basins, 1,000 silver basins, 29 silver utensils,

1030 gold bowls, 410 other silver bowls, and 1,000 other vessels.

11All these gold and silver vessels totaled 5,400. Sheshbazzar brought them all along when the captives were brought up from Babylon to Jerusalem.

1Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that Yahweh’s word by Jeremiah’s mouth might be accomplished, Yahweh stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,

2“Thus says Cyrus king of Persia, ‘Yahweh, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.

3Whoever there is among you of all his people, may his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and build the house of Yahweh, the God of Israel (he is God), which is in Jerusalem.

4Whoever is left, in any place where he lives, let the men of his place help him with silver, with gold, with goods, and with animals, besides the freewill offering for God’s house which is in Jerusalem.’”

5Then the heads of fathers’ households of Judah and Benjamin, the priests, and the Levites, all whose spirit God had stirred to go up rose up to build Yahweh’s house which is in Jerusalem.

6All those who were around them strengthened their hands with vessels of silver, with gold, with goods, with animals, and with precious things, besides all that was willingly offered.

7Also Cyrus the king brought out the vessels of Yahweh’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought out of Jerusalem, and had put in the house of his gods;

8even those, Cyrus king of Persia brought out by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and counted them out to Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah.

9This is the number of them: thirty platters of gold, one thousand platters of silver, twenty-nine knives,

10thirty bowls of gold, four hundred ten silver bowls of a second sort, and one thousand other vessels.

11All the vessels of gold and of silver were five thousand four hundred. Sheshbazzar brought all these up when the captives were brought up from Babylon to Jerusalem.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

God fulfills Jeremiah's prophecy by stirring the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia to issue a decree allowing the Jewish exiles to return and rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem. The surrounding people contribute silver, gold, and goods, and Cyrus returns the sacred Temple vessels Nebuchadnezzar had taken.

Authorship & Background

Author: Ezra the priest and scribe (likely author/compiler). Written approximately 450-400 BC. Ezra covers two returns from Babylonian exile: (1) Zerubbabel's return and Temple rebuilding (538-516 BC, chapters 1-6); (2) Ezra's return and spiritual reform (458 BC, chapters 7-10). Key themes: God's faithfulness to His covenant promises, the sovereignty of God over pagan kings, the centrality of worship/Temple, and the danger of compromise with surrounding peoples.
Historical Context: Chapter 1 records the pivotal moment when God fulfilled Jeremiah's prophecy (Jeremiah 25:11-12; 29:10) that the exile would last seventy years. In 539 BC, Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon, and in his first year (538 BC) issued a decree permitting the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple. This was not mere political generosity — the text declares "the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus" (v.1). God moved the heart of a pagan emperor to accomplish His redemptive purposes. The chapter records three responses to the decree: (1) Cyrus issued the proclamation and restored the Temple vessels (vv.1-4, 7-8); (2) God stirred the spirits of willing returnees from Judah, Benjamin, and the priestly/Levitical families (v.5); (3) surrounding neighbors provided material support (v.6). The return of the Temple vessels — specifically numbered at 5,400 — symbolizes God's faithfulness in restoring what was lost. What Nebuchadnezzar had stolen and placed in pagan temples, God now brought back through a pagan king's own hands. The chapter sets the theological tone for the entire book: God is sovereign over empires, faithful to His promises, and active in stirring hearts to accomplish His will.

Map & Geography

  • The geographic arc: BabylonJerusalem (~900-mile journey through the Fertile Crescent). Two returns: 538 BC under Zerubbabel and 458 BC under Ezra.
  • Jerusalem is the destination — the Temple is rebuilt (516 BC) and worship restored.
  • The journey followed major trade routes along the Euphrates River, through Syria, then south into Judah — a 4-month trek (Ezra 7:9).

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the remarkable sovereignty of God in using Cyrus, noting that God "stirred" both king and people — showing that divine initiative precedes human response. He highlights the parallel with the Exodus: just as Israel left Egypt with Egyptian wealth (Exodus 12:35-36), the returning exiles left Babylon enriched by their neighbors.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "God can stir the spirit of a heathen king as easily as He stirs the heart of a saint. The same almighty power that awakens the sinner from spiritual death awakened Cyrus from political indifference. Mark well — the Lord 'stirred up' this monarch. Cyrus did not originate the thought; it was put into him by the Most High. Kings are but chess pieces on the board of Providence, and God moves them at His pleasure. Let this comfort every believer: if God can turn the heart of an empire's ruler, He can certainly turn the circumstances of your small life toward His good purposes."

Reflection

  • 1. God is sovereign over world leaders and governments (v.1). The most powerful emperor on earth was an instrument in God's hand. No political situation is beyond God's control. When you feel anxious about political events or unjust rulers, remember: "The LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus." God moves kings, presidents, and nations to accomplish His purposes. Pray with confidence that God can turn any leader's heart (Proverbs 21:1).
  • 2. God fulfills His promises on His timetable (v.1). Seventy years is a long time — most of the original exiles died in Babylon. But God's word through Jeremiah did not fail. If you are waiting for God to fulfill a promise, the delay does not mean denial. God's timing is precise, even when it spans decades or generations. Trust the character of the Promise-Keeper, not the clock.
  • 3. God stirs hearts before He moves circumstances (v.5). Before the journey began, God awakened desire in specific people. Spiritual readiness precedes physical action. If God is stirring something in your heart — a calling, a conviction, a holy restlessness — pay attention. That stirring is the same divine energy that moved Cyrus and the exiles. Respond to it with obedient action.
  • 4. Not everyone responds to God's call (v.5). Many Jews stayed in Babylon — comfortable, established, unwilling to risk the difficult journey. Permission to return did not guarantee willingness to return. God opens doors, but we must choose to walk through them. Comfort and security can become enemies of obedience. What "Babylon" are you too comfortable in?
  • 5. What was lost in judgment can be restored by grace (vv.7-11). The Temple vessels — taken by conquest, defiled in pagan temples — were returned intact. God tracks what belongs to Him and restores it in His time. Whatever the enemy has stolen from your life — years, relationships, purpose — God is a God of restoration. His redemptive reversals may take time, but they are thorough.