Ezekiel — Chapter 1

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1Now it came to pass in the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, in the fifth day of the month, as I was among the captives by the river of Chebar, that the heavens were opened, and I saw visions of God.

2In the fifth day of the month, which was the fifth year of king Jehoiachin’s captivity,

3The word of the LORD came expressly unto Ezekiel the priest, the son of Buzi, in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar; and the hand of the LORD was there upon him.

4And I looked, and, behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire infolding itself, and a brightness was about it, and out of the midst thereof as the colour of amber, out of the midst of the fire.

5Also out of the midst thereof came the likeness of four living creatures. And this was their appearance; they had the likeness of a man.

6And every one had four faces, and every one had four wings.

7And their feet were straight feet; and the sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf’s foot: and they sparkled like the colour of burnished brass.

8And they had the hands of a man under their wings on their four sides; and they four had their faces and their wings.

9Their wings were joined one to another; they turned not when they went; they went every one straight forward.

10As for the likeness of their faces, they four had the face of a man, and the face of a lion, on the right side: and they four had the face of an ox on the left side; they four also had the face of an eagle.

11Thus were their faces: and their wings were stretched upward; two wings of every one were joined one to another, and two covered their bodies.

12And they went every one straight forward: whither the spirit was to go, they went; and they turned not when they went.

13As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals of fire, and like the appearance of lamps: it went up and down among the living creatures; and the fire was bright, and out of the fire went forth lightning.

14And the living creatures ran and returned as the appearance of a flash of lightning.

15Now as I beheld the living creatures, behold one wheel upon the earth by the living creatures, with his four faces.

16The appearance of the wheels and their work was like unto the colour of a beryl: and they four had one likeness: and their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel in the middle of a wheel.

17When they went, they went upon their four sides: and they turned not when they went.

18As for their rings, they were so high that they were dreadful; and their rings were full of eyes round about them four.

19And when the living creatures went, the wheels went by them: and when the living creatures were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up.

20Whithersoever the spirit was to go, they went, thither was their spirit to go; and the wheels were lifted up over against them: for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels.

21When those went, these went; and when those stood, these stood; and when those were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up over against them: for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels.

22And the likeness of the firmament upon the heads of the living creature was as the colour of the terrible crystal, stretched forth over their heads above.

23And under the firmament were their wings straight, the one toward the other: every one had two, which covered on this side, and every one had two, which covered on that side, their bodies.

24And when they went, I heard the noise of their wings, like the noise of great waters, as the voice of the Almighty, the voice of speech, as the noise of an host: when they stood, they let down their wings.

25And there was a voice from the firmament that was over their heads, when they stood, and had let down their wings.

26And above the firmament that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone: and upon the likeness of the throne was the likeness as the appearance of a man above upon it.

27And I saw as the colour of amber, as the appearance of fire round about within it, from the appearance of his loins even upward, and from the appearance of his loins even downward, I saw as it were the appearance of fire, and it had brightness round about.

28As the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain, so was the appearance of the brightness round about. This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD. And when I saw it, I fell upon my face, and I heard a voice of one that spake.

1Now it came to pass in the thirtieth year, in the fourth [month], in the fifth [day] of the month, as I was among the captives by the river Chebar, that the heavens were opened, and I saw visions of God.

2In the fifth [day] of the month, which was the fifth year of king Jehoiachin`s captivity,

3the word of Jehovah came expressly unto Ezekiel the priest, the son of Buzi, in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar; and the hand of Jehovah was there upon him.

4And I looked, and, behold, a stormy wind came out of the north, a great cloud, with a fire infolding itself, and a brightness round about it, and out of the midst thereof as it were glowing metal, out of the midst of the fire.

5And out of the midst thereof came the likeness of four living creatures. And this was their appearance: they had the likeness of a man.

6And every one had four faces, and every one of them had four wings.

7And their feet were straight feet; and the sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf`s foot; and they sparkled like burnished brass.

8And they had the hands of a man under their wings on their four sides; and they four had their faces and their wings [thus]:

9their wings were joined one to another; they turned not when they went; they went every one straight forward.

10As for the likeness of their faces, they had the face of a man; and they four had the face of a lion on the right side; and they four had the face of an ox on the left side; they four had also the face of an eagle.

11And their faces and their wings were separate above; two [wings] of every one were joined one to another, and two covered their bodies.

12And they went every one straight forward: whither the spirit was to go, they went; they turned not when they went.

13As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals of fire, like the appearance of torches: [the fire] went up and down among the living creatures; and the fire was bright, and out of the fire went forth lightning.

14And the living creatures ran and returned as the appearance of a flash of lightning.

15Now as I beheld the living creatures, behold, one wheel upon the earth beside the living creatures, for each of the four faces thereof.

16The appearance of the wheels and their work was like unto a beryl: and they four had one likeness; and their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel within a wheel.

17When they went, they went in their four directions: they turned not when they went.

18As for their rims, they were high and dreadful; and they four had their rims full of eyes round about.

19And when the living creatures went, the wheels went beside them; and when the living creatures were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up.

20Whithersoever the spirit was to go, they went; thither was the spirit to go: and the wheels were lifted up beside them; for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels.

21When those went, these went; and when those stood, these stood; and when those were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up beside them: for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels.

22And over the head of the living creature there was the likeness of a firmament, like the terrible crystal to look upon, stretched forth over their heads above.

23And under the firmament were their wings straight, the one toward the other: every one had two which covered on this side, and every one had two which covered on that side, their bodies.

24And when they went, I heard the noise of their wings like the noise of great waters, like the voice of the Almighty, a noise of tumult like the noise of a host: when they stood, they let down their wings.

25And there was a voice above the firmament that was over their heads: when they stood, they let down their wings.

26And above the firmament that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone; and upon the likeness of the throne was a likeness as the appearance of a man upon it above.

27And I saw as it were glowing metal, as the appearance of fire within it round about, from the appearance of his loins and upward; and from the appearance of his loins and downward I saw as it were the appearance of fire, and there was brightness round about him.

28As the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain, so was the appearance of the brightness round about. This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Jehovah. And when I saw it, I fell upon my face, and I heard a voice of one that spake.

1In the thirtieth year, on the fifth day of the fourth month, while I was among the exiles at the Kebar River, the heavens opened and I saw a divine vision.

2(On the fifth day of the month—it was the fifth year of King Jehoiachin’s exile—

3the Lord’s message came to the priest Ezekiel the son of Buzi, at the Kebar River in the land of the Babylonians. The hand of the Lord came on him there.)

4As I watched, I noticed a windstorm coming from the north—an enormous cloud, with lightning flashing, such that bright light rimmed it and came from it like glowing amber from the middle of a fire.

5In the fire were what looked like four living beings. In their appearance they had human form,

6but each had four faces and four wings.

7Their legs were straight, but the soles of their feet were like calves’ feet. They gleamed like polished bronze.

8They had human hands under their wings on their four sides. As for the faces and wings of the four of them,

9their wings touched each other; they did not turn as they moved, but went straight ahead.

10Their faces had this appearance: Each of the four had the face of a man, with the face of a lion on the right, the face of an ox on the left, and also the face of an eagle.

11Their wings were spread out above them; each had two wings touching the wings of one of the other beings on either side and two wings covering their bodies.

12Each moved straight ahead—wherever the spirit would go, they would go, without turning as they went.

13In the middle of the living beings was something like burning coals of fire or like torches. It moved back and forth among the living beings. It was bright, and lightning was flashing out of the fire.

14The living beings moved backward and forward as quickly as flashes of lightning.

15Then I looked, and I saw one wheel on the ground beside each of the four beings.

16The appearance of the wheels and their construction was like gleaming jasper, and all four wheels looked alike. Their structure was like a wheel within a wheel.

17When they moved they would go in any of the four directions they faced without turning as they moved.

18Their rims were high and awesome, and the rims of all four wheels were full of eyes all around.

19When the living beings moved, the wheels beside them moved; when the living beings rose up from the ground, the wheels rose up too.

20Wherever the spirit would go, they would go, and the wheels would rise up beside them because the spirit of the living being was in the wheel.

21When the living beings moved, the wheels moved, and when they stopped moving, the wheels stopped. When they rose up from the ground, the wheels rose up from the ground; the wheels rose up beside them because the spirit of the living being was in the wheel.

22Over the heads of the living beings was something like a platform, glittering awesomely like ice, stretched out over their heads.

23Under the platform their wings were stretched out, each toward the other. Each of the beings also had two wings covering its body.

24When they moved, I heard the sound of their wings—it was like the sound of rushing waters, or the voice of the Sovereign One, or the tumult of an army. When they stood still, they lowered their wings.

25Then there was a voice from above the platform over their heads when they stood still.

26Above the platform over their heads was something like a sapphire shaped like a throne. High above on the throne was a form that appeared to be a man.

27I saw an amber glow like a fire enclosed all around from his waist up. From his waist down I saw something that looked like fire. There was a brilliant light around it,

28like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds after the rain. This was the appearance of the surrounding brilliant light; it looked like the glory of the Lord. When I saw it, I threw myself face down, and I heard a voice speaking.

1Now in the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, in the fifth of the month, as I was among the captives by the river Chebar, the heavens were opened, and I saw visions of God.

2In the fifth of the month, which was the fifth year of king Jehoiachin’s captivity,

3Yahweh’s word came to Ezekiel the priest, the son of Buzi, in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar; and Yahweh’s hand was there on him.

4I looked, and behold, a stormy wind came out of the north: a great cloud, with flashing lightning, and a brightness around it, and out of the middle of it as it were glowing metal, out of the middle of the fire.

5Out of its center came the likeness of four living creatures. This was their appearance: They had the likeness of a man.

6Everyone had four faces, and each one of them had four wings.

7Their feet were straight feet. The sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf’s foot; and they sparkled like burnished brass.

8They had the hands of a man under their wings on their four sides. The four of them had their faces and their wings like this:

9Their wings were joined to one another. They didn’t turn when they went. Each one went straight forward.

10As for the likeness of their faces, they had the face of a man. The four of them had the face of a lion on the right side. The four of them had the face of an ox on the left side. The four of them also had the face of an eagle.

11Such were their faces. Their wings were spread out above. Two wings of each one touched another, and two covered their bodies.

12Each one went straight forward: where the spirit was to go, they went. They didn’t turn when they went.

13As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals of fire, like the appearance of torches. The fire went up and down among the living creatures. The fire was bright, and lightning went out of the fire.

14The living creatures ran and returned as the appearance of a flash of lightning.

15Now as I saw the living creatures, behold, there was one wheel on the earth beside the living creatures, for each of the four faces of it.

16The appearance of the wheels and their work was like a beryl. The four of them had one likeness. Their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel within a wheel.

17When they went, they went in their four directions. They didn’t turn when they went.

18As for their rims, they were high and dreadful; and the four of them had their rims full of eyes all around.

19When the living creatures went, the wheels went beside them. Then the living creatures were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up.

20Wherever the spirit was to go, they went. The spirit was to go there. The wheels were lifted up beside them; for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels.

21When those went, these went. When those stood, these stood. When those were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up beside them; for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels.

22Over the head of the living creature there was the likeness of an expanse, like an awesome crystal to look at, stretched out over their heads above.

23Under the expanse, their wings were straight, one toward the other. Each one had two which covered on this side, and each one had two which covered their bodies on that side.

24When they went, I heard the noise of their wings like the noise of great waters, like the voice of the Almighty, a noise of tumult like the noise of an army. When they stood, they let down their wings.

25There was a voice above the expanse that was over their heads. When they stood, they let down their wings.

26Above the expanse that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone. On the likeness of the throne was a likeness as the appearance of a man on it above.

27I saw as it were glowing metal, as the appearance of fire within it all around, from the appearance of his waist and upward; and from the appearance of his waist and downward I saw as it were the appearance of fire, and there was brightness around him.

28As the appearance of the rainbow that is in the cloud in the day of rain, so was the appearance of the brightness all around. This was the appearance of the likeness of Yahweh’s glory. When I saw it, I fell on my face, and I heard a voice of one that spoke.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

The heavens open and Ezekiel receives the most elaborate theophany in Scripture. A storm from the north reveals four living creatures (each with four faces and four wings), whirling wheels within wheels covered with eyes, an expanse of crystal above them, and on the expanse a throne of sapphire with a figure like a man surrounded by fire and rainbow. "This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD." Ezekiel falls on his face.

Authorship & Background

Author: Ezekiel son of Buzi, a priest-turned-prophet among the Babylonian exiles.
Date: Precisely dated — "the thirtieth year, the fourth month, the fifth day" / "the fifth year of king Jehoiachin's captivity" = July 593 BC. Ezekiel was approximately 30 years old (the age for priestly service to begin, Numbers 4:3).
Classification: Prophetic Vision — The Throne-Chariot of God (Merkabah) Key Themes: God's glory appearing IN EXILE (not just in the temple), the four living creatures, the wheels (omnidirectional divine mobility), God's throne above all creation, the priest becomes prophet
Historical Context: Ezekiel was among the 10,000 exiled with Jehoiachin in 597 BC (2 Kings 24:14). He lived at Tel-Abib by the Chebar canal (a Babylonian irrigation canal near Nippur). At age 30 — when he SHOULD have begun priestly service in Jerusalem's temple — God instead opens heaven and gives him a VISION of the temple's God. The message: God's glory is NOT confined to Jerusalem's temple. He appears on a MOBILE throne in BABYLON. The glory that will LEAVE the temple (chs.8-11) was never imprisoned there.
Structure:
  • Date and Setting: By the Chebar Canal (vv.1-3)
  • The Storm from the North (v.4)
  • The Four Living Creatures (vv.5-14)
  • The Wheels Within Wheels (vv.15-21)
  • The Crystal Expanse Above (vv.22-25)
  • The Throne: The Likeness of God's Glory (vv.26-28)

Map & Geography

  • No specific geographic locations are referenced in this chapter.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com
  • Charles Spurgeon: "Ezekiel saw God's throne IN BABYLON. Not in the temple, not in Jerusalem, not in the holy land — in EXILE. If God's glory can appear by a Babylonian canal, it can appear in your dungeon, your hospital room, your cubicle. The throne is MOBILE."

Reflection

  • 1. God appeared in BABYLON (v.1). Not in Jerusalem's temple, not on holy ground — by a canal in exile. If you think God can't meet you where you are right now (in your "exile"), think again. His throne is MOBILE.
  • 2. "I fell upon my face" (v.28). The only appropriate response to God's glory is facedown. Not theological analysis, not casual observation — PROSTRATION. When was the last time God's presence (in Scripture, worship, or life) put you on the floor?
  • 3. Wheels within wheels = God moves in any direction instantly (v.16). God is not stuck in one pattern, one approach, one direction. He can pivot instantly. Stop assuming God must work the same way He did last time.
  • 4. The appearance of the LIKENESS of the glory (v.28). Even this was overwhelming. Ezekiel didn't see God directly — he saw a representation of a representation of God's glory — and it was too much. How much MORE is the reality? Let that create appropriate awe.
  • 5. A priest without a temple receives a vision of God (vv.1-3). When God takes away your expected ministry (Ezekiel couldn't serve as priest), He may give you something GREATER. The loss of one calling opened a bigger one.