Exodus — Chapter 1
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1Now these are the names of the children of Israel, which came into Egypt; every man and his household came with Jacob.
2Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,
3Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,
4Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.
5And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls: for Joseph was in Egypt already.
6And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation.
7And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them.
8Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph.
9And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we:
10Come on, let us deal wisely with them; lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when there falleth out any war, they join also unto our enemies, and fight against us, and so get them up out of the land.
11Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and Raamses.
12But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and grew. And they were grieved because of the children of Israel.
13And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour:
14And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.
15And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of which the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah:
16And he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him: but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.
17But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive.
18And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men children alive?
19And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwives come in unto them.
20Therefore God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty.
21And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he made them houses.
22And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.
1Now these are the names of the sons of Israel, who came into Egypt (every man and his household came with Jacob):
2Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,
3Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,
4Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher.
5And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls: and Joseph was in Egypt already.
6And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation.
7And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them.
8Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who knew not Joseph.
9And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we:
10come, let us deal wisely with them, lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when there falleth out any war, they also join themselves unto our enemies, and fight against us, and get them up out of the land.
11Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Raamses.
12But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and the more they spread abroad. And they were grieved because of the children of Israel.
13And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigor:
14and they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field, all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigor.
15And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of whom the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah:
16and he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the birth-stool; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him; but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.
17But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men-children alive.
18And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men-children alive?
19And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwife come unto them.
20And God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty.
21And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he made them households.
22And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.
1These are the names of the sons of Israel who entered Egypt—each man with his household entered with Jacob:
2Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,
3Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,
4Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher.
5All the people who were directly descended from Jacob numbered 70. But Joseph was already in Egypt,
6and in time Joseph and his brothers and all that generation died.
7The Israelites, however, were fruitful, increased greatly, multiplied, and became extremely strong, so that the land was filled with them.
8Then a new king, who did not know about Joseph, came to power over Egypt.
9He said to his people, “Look at the Israelite people, more numerous and stronger than we are!
10Come, let’s deal wisely with them. Otherwise they will continue to multiply, and if a war breaks out, they will ally themselves with our enemies and fight against us and leave the country.”
11So they put foremen over the Israelites to oppress them with hard labor. As a result they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh.
12But the more the Egyptians oppressed them, the more they multiplied and spread. As a result the Egyptians loathed the Israelites,
13and they made the Israelites serve rigorously.
14They made their lives bitter by hard service with mortar and bricks and by all kinds of service in the fields. Every kind of service the Israelites were required to give was rigorous.
15The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah,
16“When you assist the Hebrew women in childbirth, observe at the delivery: If it is a son, kill him, but if it is a daughter, she may live.”
17But the midwives feared God and did not do what the king of Egypt had told them; they let the boys live.
18Then the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and said to them, “Why have you done this and let the boys live?”
19The midwives said to Pharaoh, “Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women—for the Hebrew women are vigorous; they give birth before the midwife gets to them!”
20So God treated the midwives well, and the people multiplied and became very strong.
21And because the midwives feared God, he made households for them.
22Then Pharaoh commanded all his people, “All sons that are born you must throw into the river, but all daughters you may let live.”
1Now these are the names of the sons of Israel, who came into Egypt (every man and his household came with Jacob):
2Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,
3Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,
4Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher.
5All the souls who came out of Jacob’s body were seventy souls, and Joseph was in Egypt already.
6Joseph died, as did all his brothers, and all that generation.
7The children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and grew exceedingly mighty; and the land was filled with them.
8Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who didn’t know Joseph.
9He said to his people, “Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we.
10Come, let us deal wisely with them, lest they multiply, and it happen that when any war breaks out, they also join themselves to our enemies, and fight against us, and escape out of the land.”
11Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with their burdens. They built storage cities for Pharaoh: Pithom and Raamses.
12But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and the more they spread out. They were grieved because of the children of Israel.
13The Egyptians ruthlessly made the children of Israel serve,
14and they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all kinds of service in the field, all their service, in which they ruthlessly made them serve.
15The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, of whom the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah,
16and he said, “When you perform the duty of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them on the birth stool; if it is a son, then you shall kill him; but if it is a daughter, then she shall live.”
17But the midwives feared God, and didn’t do what the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the baby boys alive.
18The king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said to them, “Why have you done this thing, and have saved the boys alive?”
19The midwives said to Pharaoh, “Because the Hebrew women aren’t like the Egyptian women; for they are vigorous, and give birth before the midwife comes to them.”
20God dealt well with the midwives, and the people multiplied, and grew very mighty.
21Because the midwives feared God, he gave them families.
22Pharaoh commanded all his people, saying, “You shall cast every son who is born into the river, and every daughter you shall save alive.”
Summary
Israel multiplies in Egypt despite a new Pharaoh's brutal slavery and genocide decree, but God preserves His people through courageous midwives who fear Him more than the king.
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Goshen: Region in the eastern Nile Delta where Israel settled (Genesis 46:28-34). Fertile land, separate from Egyptian population centers.
- Egypt (the land): The broader kingdom under Pharaoh's rule; Israel dwelt in Goshen but labored on Egyptian building projects.
- Pithom and Raamses (v.11): Store-cities built by Israelite slaves, located in the eastern Delta region.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers the transition from Genesis, the growth of Israel, Pharaoh's escalating oppression, and the midwives' faith as a model of godly civil disobedience.
- Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "The More They Afflicted Them" on v.12 (MTP Vol. 14, No. 793) "The more they afflicted them, the MORE THEY MULTIPLIED. This is God's law for His church in every age. Persecution does not destroy the church — it multiplies it. The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church. Pharaoh's bricks and mortar could not stop God's promise. Rome's lions could not stop the gospel. And whatever affliction the enemy brings against you — it will only multiply what God is doing in your life. The devil is a fool: every blow he strikes against God's people produces more growth, more faith, more fruit."
Reflection
- 1. "The more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied" (v.12). God's purposes cannot be stopped by opposition. What opposition are you facing? Trust that God can use it to multiply His work in your life.
- 2. "The midwives feared God" (v.17). When human authority contradicts God's commands, whom do you obey? The midwives chose God over Pharaoh — and God honored them. Where might you need this courage?
- 3. "A new king... which knew not Joseph" (v.8). Favor with the world is temporary. The world's gratitude fades. Don't build your security on human favor — build it on God's covenant.
- 4. Pharaoh's plan escalates: taskmasters → midwife murder → public genocide (vv.11, 16, 22). Evil escalates when unchecked. Are you tolerating "small" sins that are growing? Address them now.
- 5. God is silent in this chapter — no theophany, no voice, no miracle. Yet He is clearly at work: multiplying Israel, empowering the midwives, overruling Pharaoh. Sometimes God works silently. His silence is not absence.