Micah — Chapter 1

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1This is the word of the LORD that came to Micah the Moreshite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah—what he saw regarding Samaria and Jerusalem:

2Hear, O peoples, all of you; listen, O earth, and everyone in it! May the Lord GOD bear witness against you, the Lord from His holy temple.

3For behold, the LORD comes forth from His dwelling place; He will come down and tread on the high places of the earth.

4The mountains will melt beneath Him, and the valleys will split apart, like wax before the fire, like water rushing down a slope.

5All this is for the transgression of Jacob and the sins of the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? Is it not Samaria? And what is the high place of Judah? Is it not Jerusalem?

6Therefore I will make Samaria a heap of rubble in the open field, a planting area for a vineyard. I will pour her stones into the valley and expose her foundations.

7All her carved images will be smashed to pieces; all her wages will be burned in the fire, and I will destroy all her idols. Since she collected the wages of a prostitute, they will be used again on a prostitute.

8Because of this I will lament and wail; I will walk barefoot and naked. I will howl like a jackal and mourn like an ostrich.

9For her wound is incurable; it has reached even Judah; it has approached the gate of my people, as far as Jerusalem itself.

10Do not tell it in Gath; do not weep at all. Roll in the dust in Beth-leaphrah.

11Depart in shameful nakedness, O dwellers of Shaphir. The dwellers of Zaanan will not come out. Beth-ezel is in mourning; its support is taken from you.

12For the dwellers of Maroth pined for good, but calamity came down from the LORD, even to the gate of Jerusalem.

13Harness your chariot horses, O dweller of Lachish. You were the beginning of sin to the Daughter of Zion, for the transgressions of Israel were found in you.

14Therefore, send farewell gifts to Moresheth-gath; the houses of Achzib will prove deceptive to the kings of Israel.

15I will again bring a conqueror against you, O dweller of Mareshah. The glory of Israel will come to Adullam.

16Shave yourselves bald and cut off your hair in mourning for your precious children; make yourselves as bald as an eagle, for they will go from you into exile.

1The word of the LORD that came to Micah the Morasthite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.

2Hear, all ye people; hearken, O earth, and all that therein is: and let the Lord GOD be witness against you, the Lord from his holy temple.

3For, behold, the LORD cometh forth out of his place, and will come down, and tread upon the high places of the earth.

4And the mountains shall be molten under him, and the valleys shall be cleft, as wax before the fire, and as the waters that are poured down a steep place.

5For the transgression of Jacob is all this, and for the sins of the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? is it not Samaria? and what are the high places of Judah? are they not Jerusalem?

6Therefore I will make Samaria as an heap of the field, and as plantings of a vineyard: and I will pour down the stones thereof into the valley, and I will discover the foundations thereof.

7And all the graven images thereof shall be beaten to pieces, and all the hires thereof shall be burned with the fire, and all the idols thereof will I lay desolate: for she gathered it of the hire of an harlot, and they shall return to the hire of an harlot.

8Therefore I will wail and howl, I will go stripped and naked: I will make a wailing like the dragons, and mourning as the owls.

9For her wound is incurable; for it is come unto Judah; he is come unto the gate of my people, even to Jerusalem.

10Declare ye it not at Gath, weep ye not at all: in the house of Aphrah roll thyself in the dust.

11Pass ye away, thou inhabitant of Saphir, having thy shame naked: the inhabitant of Zaanan came not forth in the mourning of Beth-ezel; he shall receive of you his standing.

12For the inhabitant of Maroth waited carefully for good: but evil came down from the LORD unto the gate of Jerusalem.

13O thou inhabitant of Lachish, bind the chariot to the swift beast: she is the beginning of the sin to the daughter of Zion: for the transgressions of Israel were found in thee.

14Therefore shalt thou give presents to Moresheth-gath: the houses of Achzib shall be a lie to the kings of Israel.

15Yet will I bring an heir unto thee, O inhabitant of Mareshah: he shall come unto Adullam the glory of Israel.

16Make thee bald, and poll thee for thy delicate children; enlarge thy baldness as the eagle; for they are gone into captivity from thee.

1The word of Jehovah that came to Micah the Morashtite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.

2Hear, ye peoples, all of you: hearken, O earth, and all that therein is: and let the Lord Jehovah be witness against you, the Lord from his holy temple.

3For, behold, Jehovah cometh forth out of his place, and will come down, and tread upon the high places of the earth.

4And the mountains shall be melted under him, and the valleys shall be cleft, as wax before the fire, as waters that are poured down a steep place.

5For the transgression of Jacob is all this, and for the sins of the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? is it not Samaria? and what are the high places of Judah? are they not Jerusalem?

6Therefore I will make Samaria as a heap of the field, [and] as places for planting vineyards; and I will pour down the stones thereof into the valley, and I will uncover the foundations thereof.

7And all her graven images shall be beaten to pieces, and all her hires shall be burned with fire, and all her idols will I lay desolate; for of the hire of a harlot hath she gathered them, and unto the hire of a harlot shall they return.

8For this will I lament and wail; I will go stripped and naked; I will make a wailing like the jackals, and a lamentation like the ostriches.

9For her wounds are incurable; for it is come even unto Judah; it reacheth unto the gate of my people, even to Jerusalem.

10Tell it not in Gath, weep not at all: at Beth-le-aphrah have I rolled myself in the dust.

11Pass away, O inhabitant of Shaphir, in nakedness and shame: the inhabitant of Zaanan is not come forth; the wailing of Beth-ezel shall take from you the stay thereof.

12For the inhabitant of Maroth waiteth anxiously for good, because evil is come down from Jehovah unto the gate of Jerusalem.

13Bind the chariot to the swift steed, O inhabitant of Lachish: she was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion; for the transgressions of Israel were found in thee.

14Therefore shalt thou give a parting gift to Moresheth-gath: the houses of Achzib shall be a deceitful thing unto the kings of Israel.

15I will yet bring unto thee, O inhabitant of Mareshah, him that shall possess thee: the glory of Israel shall come even unto Adullam.

16Make thee bald, and cut off thy hair for the children of thy delight: enlarge thy baldness as the eagle; for they are gone into captivity from thee.

1This is the Lord’s message that came to Micah of Moresheth during the time of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.

2Listen, all you nations! Pay attention, all inhabitants of earth! The Sovereign Lord will act as a witness against you; the Lord will accuse you from his majestic palace.

3Look, the Lord is coming out of his dwelling place! He will descend and march on the earth’s mountaintops!

4The mountains will crumble beneath him, and the valleys will split apart like wax before a fire, like water dumped down a steep slope.

5All this is because of Jacob’s rebellion and the sins of the nation of Israel. And just what is Jacob’s rebellion? Isn’t it Samaria’s doings? And what is Judah’s sin? Isn’t it Jerusalem’s doings?

6“I will turn Samaria into a heap of ruins in an open field, into a place for planting vineyards. I will dump the rubble of her walls down into the valley and lay bare her foundations.

7All her carved idols will be smashed to pieces; all her metal cult statues will be destroyed by fire. I will make a waste heap of all her images. Since she gathered the metal as a prostitute collects her wages, the idols will become a prostitute’s wages again.”

8For this reason I will mourn and wail; I will walk around barefoot and without my outer garments. I will howl like a wild dog and screech like an owl.

9For Samaria’s disease is incurable. It has infected Judah; it has spread to the leadership of my people and even to Jerusalem!

10Don’t spread the news in Gath. Don’t shed even a single tear. In Beth Leaphrah roll about in mourning in the dust!

11Residents of Shaphir, pass by in nakedness and humiliation! The residents of Zaanan have not escaped. Beth Ezel mourns, “He takes from you what he desires.”

12Indeed, the residents of Maroth hope for something good to happen, though the Lord has sent disaster against the city of Jerusalem.

13Residents of Lachish, hitch the horses to the chariots! You influenced Daughter Zion to sin, for Israel’s rebellious deeds can be traced back to you!

14Therefore you will have to say farewell to Moresheth Gath. The residents of Achzib will be as disappointing as a dried up well to the kings of Israel.

15Residents of Mareshah, a conqueror will attack you; the leaders of Israel shall flee to Adullam.

16Shave your heads bald as you mourn for the children you love; shave your foreheads as bald as an eagle, for they are taken from you into exile.

1Yahweh’s word that came to Micah the Morashtite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.

2Hear, you peoples, all of you. Listen, O earth, and all that is therein: and let the Lord Yahweh be witness against you, the Lord from his holy temple.

3For, behold, Yahweh comes out of his place, and will come down and tread on the high places of the earth.

4The mountains melt under him, and the valleys split apart, like wax before the fire, like waters that are poured down a steep place.

5“All this is for the disobedience of Jacob, and for the sins of the house of Israel. What is the disobedience of Jacob? Isn’t it Samaria? And what are the high places of Judah? Aren’t they Jerusalem?

6Therefore I will make Samaria like a rubble heap of the field, like places for planting vineyards; and I will pour down its stones into the valley, and I will uncover its foundations.

7All her idols will be beaten to pieces, and all her temple gifts will be burned with fire, and all her images I will destroy; for of the hire of a prostitute has she gathered them, and to the hire of a prostitute shall they return.”

8For this I will lament and wail; I will go stripped and naked; I will howl like the jackals, and moan like the daughters of owls.

9For her wounds are incurable; for it has come even to Judah. It reaches to the gate of my people, even to Jerusalem.

10Don’t tell it in Gath. Don’t weep at all. At Beth Ophrah I have rolled myself in the dust.

11Pass on, inhabitant of Shaphir, in nakedness and shame. The inhabitant of Zaanan won’t come out. The wailing of Beth Ezel will take from you his protection.

12For the inhabitant of Maroth waits anxiously for good, because evil has come down from Yahweh to the gate of Jerusalem.

13Harness the chariot to the swift steed, inhabitant of Lachish. She was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion; For the transgressions of Israel were found in you.

14Therefore you will give a parting gift to Moresheth Gath. The houses of Achzib will be a deceitful thing to the kings of Israel.

15I will yet bring to you, inhabitant of Mareshah. He who is the glory of Israel will come to Adullam.

16Shave your heads, and cut off your hair for the children of your delight. Enlarge your baldness like the vulture; for they have gone into captivity from you!

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Micah opens with a word from the Lord against Samaria and Jerusalem, given during the reigns of Judah's kings Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah (v. 1). All peoples are summoned to witness as the Lord comes down from His holy temple, melting mountains and splitting valleys before Him (vv. 2-4). This judgment answers Israel and Judah's rebellion, centered in their capitals (v. 5), so Samaria's idols, gathered through spiritual prostitution, will be smashed and the city reduced to rubble (vv. 6-7). Micah mourns barefoot and stripped over the wound reaching Jerusalem's gate (vv. 8-9), then laments town by town as judgment sweeps toward the capital, closing with a call to mourn the coming exile of Judah's children (vv. 10-16).

Authorship & Background

Author: Micah of Moresheth. Prophesied approximately 735-700 BC to both Israel and Judah. Contemporary with Isaiah. Key theme: social justice, true religion, and Messianic hope. Famous verses: 'But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah... out of thee shall he come forth' (5:2) and 'What doth the LORD require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?' (6:8).
Classification: Prophetic Oracle — Judgment Against Samaria and Judah
Key Themes: Divine judgment, theophany, idolatry's consequences, lamentation, national sin
Historical Context: Micah prophesied during the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah—a period spanning roughly 735-700 BC. This was a time of great political upheaval as the Assyrian Empire expanded westward, threatening both Israel (the northern kingdom) and Judah (the southern kingdom). Samaria, the capital of the northern kingdom, fell to Assyria in 722 BC. Micah was from Moresheth (or Moresheth-Gath), a small town in the Judean lowlands southwest of Jerusalem, near the Philistine city of Gath. Unlike Isaiah who ministered in the royal court, Micah was a rural prophet who witnessed firsthand the oppression of common people by wealthy landowners and corrupt officials. Chapter 1 opens with a cosmic courtroom scene—God Himself comes forth from His holy temple to witness against His people. The chapter then moves from the judgment of Samaria (vv. 6-7) to a lament over the towns of the Judean lowlands (vv. 8-16), many of which were in Micah's own neighborhood. The wordplay on town names throughout verses 10-16 would have been powerfully evocative to the original audience.
Superscription: The Word to Samaria and Jerusalem (v.1): The heading dates Micah to Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, roughly 735 to 700 BC, and names both capitals as its subject. Addressing Samaria and Jerusalem together is unusual and sets the book's method: the northern kingdom is judged first and the southern kingdom is meant to be watching.
The LORD Comes Down: A Theophany (vv.2-5): The scene is a courtroom on a cosmic scale, with all peoples summoned and God coming out of his holy temple as witness against them. Mountains melt like wax under him and valleys cleave. Then the accusation narrows abruptly from the earth to two cities: for the transgression of Jacob is all this, and the high places of Judah are named alongside Samaria.
Judgment on Samaria (vv.6-7): Samaria will be made a heap of the field and a place for planting vineyards, its stones poured down into the valley and its foundations uncovered. The sentence is specific about the idols: the graven images beaten to pieces and the hires burned. Samaria fell to Assyria in 722 BC, within Micah's lifetime, so this was a prediction his hearers lived to check.
The Prophet's Lament, Stripped and Wailing (vv.8-9): Micah's response to his own message is not satisfaction but mourning. He will wail and howl, go stripped and naked, and make a wailing like the dragons and a mourning like the owls. The reason given in v.9 is that the wound has reached Judah and come to the gate of Jerusalem, so what began as the north's judgment is now at his own door.
Wordplay on the Towns of the Lowlands (vv.10-16): The closing lament runs through the towns of the Judean lowlands, and each name is played on in Hebrew: tell it not in Gath, roll in the dust at Beth-le-aphrah, Lachish and Achzib and Mareshah each turned into a pun on their own name. The effect is largely lost in translation. These were Micah's own neighbors — he was from Moresheth in that district, not a court prophet like Isaiah — which is why the geography is this precise and the grief this local.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem (v.1, v.5, v.9): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.
  • Samaria (v.1, v.5, v.6): Central region between Judea and Galilee; mixed Jewish-Gentile population.
  • Zion (v.13): The hill on which Jerusalem/the Temple stood; often used poetically for God's dwelling.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • SamariaSebastia, West BankOmri bought a bare hill and built a capital on it, which gave the northern kingdom a fortress with no prior claim on it, the same calculation David made with Jerusalem. It commands the pass west toward the coastal plain. The name later spread to the whole region between Galilee and Judea. Wikipedia
  • Galileenorthern IsraelThe northern hill country above the Jezreel Valley, wetter and greener than Judah and crossed by the trade road to Damascus. That traffic is why Judeans considered it mixed and provincial, and why Jesus grew up hearing more than one language. Wikipedia
  • Judeasouthern Israel and the West BankThe southern hill country around Jerusalem, high, stony and dry, with the wilderness on one side and the Philistine plain on the other. Poor farming and hard access are what let it stay independent longest. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Verse-by-verse commentary on this chapter, written for the everyday reader and freely available online.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

A Summary of the Book of Micah | GotQuestions.org
Got Questions Ministries

Micah: The Bible Explained
Spoken Gospel

Book of Micah Summary: A Complete Animated Overview
BibleProject

Incurable Wounds - Micah 1:8-9
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Micah -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Summoned as Witnesses (v.2) — God calls all the nations and the earth itself to listen as He testifies against His own people from His holy temple. Are you living as though your life is truly on display before God, or as though no one is really watching?
  • The God Who Comes Down (vv.3-4) — Micah pictures the LORD leaving His dwelling place and marching over the mountains, which melt like wax at His presence. Do you treat God as distant and uninvolved, or as someone actively present in what's happening in your life right now?
  • Idolatry's Ill-Gotten Gains (v.7) — Samaria's idols were funded like the wages of prostitution, and Micah says they will be stripped away just as cheaply as they were gained. What are you investing in for security or status that God would call a false and temporary gain?
  • A Wound That Reaches Home (v.9) — Micah says the injury is incurable and has already spread from Samaria to the gate of Jerusalem itself. What compromise have you let creep closer to your own household because you assumed it was someone else's problem?
  • Grief Over What Sin Costs the Next Generation (v.16) — the chapter closes with mourning over children carried off into captivity because of the nation's unfaithfulness. How might your choices today shape what your own children inherit, for better or worse?