Proverbs — Chapter 1

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1These are the proverbs of Solomon son of David, king of Israel,

2for gaining wisdom and discipline, for comprehending words of insight,

3and for receiving instruction in wise living and in righteousness, justice, and equity.

4To impart prudence to the simple and knowledge and discretion to the young,

5let the wise listen and gain instruction, and the discerning acquire wise counsel

6by understanding the proverbs and parables, the sayings and riddles of the wise.

7The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge, but fools despise wisdom and discipline.

8Listen, my son, to your father’s instruction, and do not forsake the teaching of your mother.

9For they are a garland of grace on your head and a pendant around your neck.

10My son, if sinners entice you, do not yield to them.

11If they say, “Come along, let us lie in wait for blood, let us ambush the innocent without cause,

12let us swallow them alive like Sheol, and whole like those descending into the Pit.

13We will find all manner of precious goods; we will fill our houses with plunder.

14Throw in your lot with us; let us all share one purse”—

15my son, do not walk the road with them or set foot upon their path.

16For their feet run to evil, and they are swift to shed blood.

17How futile it is to spread the net where any bird can see it!

18But they lie in wait for their own blood; they ambush their own lives.

19Such is the fate of all who are greedy, whose unjust gain takes the lives of its possessors.

20Wisdom calls out in the street, she lifts her voice in the square;

21in the main concourse she cries aloud, at the city gates she makes her speech:

22“How long, O simple ones, will you love your simple ways? How long will scoffers delight in their scorn and fools hate knowledge?

23If you had repented at my rebuke, then surely I would have poured out my spirit on you; I would have made my words known to you.

24Because you refused my call, and no one took my outstretched hand,

25because you neglected all my counsel, and wanted none of my correction,

26in turn I will mock your calamity; I will sneer when terror strikes you,

27when your dread comes like a storm, and your destruction like a whirlwind, when distress and anguish overwhelm you.

28Then they will call on me, but I will not answer; they will earnestly seek me, but will not find me.

29For they hated knowledge and chose not to fear the LORD.

30They accepted none of my counsel; they despised all my reproof.

31So they will eat the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices.

32For the waywardness of the simple will slay them, and the complacency of fools will destroy them.

33But whoever listens to me will dwell in safety, secure from the fear of evil.”

1The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel;

2To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words of understanding;

3To receive the instruction of wisdom, justice, and judgment, and equity;

4To give subtilty to the simple, to the young man knowledge and discretion.

5A wise man will hear, and will increase learning; and a man of understanding shall attain unto wise counsels:

6To understand a proverb, and the interpretation; the words of the wise, and their dark sayings.

7The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction.

8My son, hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother:

9For they shall be an ornament of grace unto thy head, and chains about thy neck.

10My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not.

11If they say, Come with us, let us lay wait for blood, let us lurk privily for the innocent without cause:

12Let us swallow them up alive as the grave; and whole, as those that go down into the pit:

13We shall find all precious substance, we shall fill our houses with spoil:

14Cast in thy lot among us; let us all have one purse:

15My son, walk not thou in the way with them; refrain thy foot from their path:

16For their feet run to evil, and make haste to shed blood.

17Surely in vain the net is spread in the sight of any bird.

18And they lay wait for their own blood; they lurk privily for their own lives.

19So are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain; which taketh away the life of the owners thereof.

20Wisdom crieth without; she uttereth her voice in the streets:

21She crieth in the chief place of concourse, in the openings of the gates: in the city she uttereth her words, saying,

22How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the scorners delight in their scorning, and fools hate knowledge?

23Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you.

24Because I have called, and ye refused; I have stretched out my hand, and no man regarded;

25But ye have set at nought all my counsel, and would none of my reproof:

26I also will laugh at your calamity; I will mock when your fear cometh;

27When your fear cometh as desolation, and your destruction cometh as a whirlwind; when distress and anguish cometh upon you.

28Then shall they call upon me, but I will not answer; they shall seek me early, but they shall not find me:

29For that they hated knowledge, and did not choose the fear of the LORD:

30They would none of my counsel: they despised all my reproof.

31Therefore shall they eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices.

32For the turning away of the simple shall slay them, and the prosperity of fools shall destroy them.

33But whoso hearkeneth unto me shall dwell safely, and shall be quiet from fear of evil.

1The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel:

2To know wisdom and instruction; To discern the words of understanding;

3To receive instruction in wise dealing, In righteousness and justice and equity;

4To give prudence to the simple, To the young man knowledge and discretion:

5That the wise man may hear, and increase in learning; And that the man of understanding may attain unto sound counsels:

6To understand a proverb, and a figure, The words of the wise, and their dark sayings.

7The fear of Jehovah is the beginning of knowledge; [But] the foolish despise wisdom and instruction.

8My son, hear the instruction of thy father, And forsake not the law of thy mother:

9For they shall be a chaplet of grace unto thy head, And chains about thy neck.

10My son, if sinners entice thee, Consent thou not.

11If they say, Come with us, Let us lay wait for blood; Let us lurk privily for the innocent without cause;

12Let us swallow them up alive as Sheol, And whole, as those that go down into the pit;

13We shall find all precious substance; We shall fill our houses with spoil;

14Thou shalt cast thy lot among us; We will all have one purse:

15My son, walk not thou in the way with them; Refrain thy foot from their path:

16For their feet run to evil, And they make haste to shed blood.

17For in vain is the net spread In the sight of any bird:

18And these lay wait for their own blood; They lurk privily for their own lives.

19So are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain; It taketh away the life of the owners thereof.

20Wisdom crieth aloud in the street; She uttereth her voice in the broad places;

21She crieth in the chief place of concourse; At the entrance of the gates, In the city, she uttereth her words:

22How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? And scoffers delight them in scoffing, And fools hate knowledge?

23Turn you at my reproof: Behold, I will pour out my spirit upon you; I will make known my words unto you.

24Because I have called, and ye have refused; I have stretched out my hand, and no man hath regarded;

25But ye have set at nought all my counsel, And would none of my reproof:

26I also will laugh in [the day of] your calamity; I will mock when your fear cometh;

27When your fear cometh as a storm, And your calamity cometh on as a whirlwind; When distress and anguish come upon you.

28Then will they call upon me, but I will not answer; They will seek me diligently, but they shall not find me:

29For that they hated knowledge, And did not choose the fear of Jehovah:

30They would none of my counsel; They despised all my reproof.

31Therefore shall they eat of the fruit of their own way, And be filled with their own devices.

32For the backsliding of the simple shall slay them, And the careless ease of fools shall destroy them.

33But whoso hearkeneth unto me shall dwell securely, And shall be quiet without fear of evil.

1The proverbs of Solomon, son of David, king of Israel:

2To learn wisdom and moral instruction, to discern wise counsel.

3To receive moral instruction in skillful living, with righteousness, justice, and equity.

4To impart shrewdness to the morally naive, a discerning plan to the young person.

5(Let the wise also hear and gain instruction, and let the discerning acquire guidance!)

6To discern the meaning of a proverb and a parable, the sayings of the wise and their riddles.

7Fearing the Lord is the beginning of discernment, but fools have despised wisdom and moral instruction.

8Listen, my child, to the instruction from your father, and do not forsake the teaching from your mother.

9For they will be like an elegant garland on your head, and like pendants around your neck.

10My child, if sinners try to entice you, do not consent!

11If they say, “Come with us! We will lie in wait to shed blood; we will ambush an innocent person capriciously.

12We will swallow them alive like Sheol, those full of vigor like those going down to the Pit.

13We will seize all kinds of precious wealth; we will fill our houses with plunder.

14Join with us! We will all share equally in what we steal.”

15My child, do not go down their way, withhold yourself from their path;

16for they are eager to inflict harm, and they hasten to shed blood.

17Surely it is futile to spread a net in plain sight of any bird,

18but these men lie in wait for their own blood; they ambush their own lives!

19Such are the ways of all who gain profit unjustly; it takes away the life of those who obtain it!

20Wisdom calls out in the street, she shouts loudly in the plazas;

21at the head of the noisy streets she calls, in the entrances of the gates in the city she utters her words:

22“How long will you simpletons love naiveté? How long have mockers delighted in mockery? And how long will fools hate knowledge?

23You should respond to my rebuke. Then I would pour out my thoughts to you; I would make my words known to you.

24However, because I called but you refused to listen, because I stretched out my hand but no one was paying attention,

25and you neglected all my advice, and did not comply with my rebuke,

26so I myself will laugh when disaster strikes you; I will mock when what you dread comes,

27when what you dread comes like a whirlwind, and disaster strikes you like a devastating storm, when distressing trouble comes on you.

28Then they will call to me, but I will not answer; they will diligently seek me, but they will not find me.

29Because they hated moral knowledge and did not choose to fear the Lord,

30they did not comply with my advice; they spurned all my rebuke.

31Therefore they will eat from the fruit of their way, and they will be stuffed full of their own counsel.

32For the waywardness of the simpletons will kill them, and the careless ease of fools will destroy them.

33But the one who listens to me will live in security and will be at ease from the dread of harm.”

1The proverbs of Solomon, the son of David, king of Israel:

2to know wisdom and instruction; to discern the words of understanding;

3to receive instruction in wise dealing, in righteousness, justice, and equity;

4to give prudence to the simple, knowledge and discretion to the young man:

5that the wise man may hear, and increase in learning; that the man of understanding may attain to sound counsel:

6to understand a proverb, and parables, the words and riddles of the wise.

7The fear of Yahweh is the beginning of knowledge; but the foolish despise wisdom and instruction.

8My son, listen to your father’s instruction, and don’t forsake your mother’s teaching:

9for they will be a garland to grace your head, and chains around your neck.

10My son, if sinners entice you, don’t consent.

11If they say, “Come with us. Let’s lay in wait for blood. Let’s lurk secretly for the innocent without cause.

12Let’s swallow them up alive like Sheol, and whole, like those who go down into the pit.

13We’ll find all valuable wealth. We’ll fill our houses with plunder.

14You shall cast your lot among us. We’ll all have one purse.”

15My son, don’t walk on the path with them. Keep your foot from their path,

16for their feet run to evil. They hurry to shed blood.

17For in vain is the net spread in the sight of any bird:

18but these lay wait for their own blood. They lurk secretly for their own lives.

19So are the ways of everyone who is greedy for gain. It takes away the life of its owners.

20Wisdom calls aloud in the street. She utters her voice in the public squares.

21She calls at the head of noisy places. At the entrance of the city gates, she utters her words:

22“How long, you simple ones, will you love simplicity? How long will mockers delight themselves in mockery, and fools hate knowledge?

23Turn at my reproof. Behold, I will pour out my spirit on you. I will make known my words to you.

24Because I have called, and you have refused; I have stretched out my hand, and no one has paid attention;

25but you have ignored all my counsel, and wanted none of my reproof;

26I also will laugh at your disaster. I will mock when calamity overtakes you;

27when calamity overtakes you like a storm, when your disaster comes on like a whirlwind; when distress and anguish come on you.

28Then will they call on me, but I will not answer. They will seek me diligently, but they will not find me;

29because they hated knowledge, and didn’t choose the fear of Yahweh.

30They wanted none of my counsel. They despised all my reproof.

31Therefore they will eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own schemes.

32For the backsliding of the simple will kill them. The careless ease of fools will destroy them.

33But whoever listens to me will dwell securely, and will be at ease, without fear of harm.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

The book opens by naming its purpose — to give wisdom, discipline, and discernment for righteous living (vv. 1-6) — and grounds it all in the fear of the LORD (v. 7). The father urges his son not to follow sinners who ambush the innocent for profit, warning that such greed destroys the one who practices it (vv. 8-19). Wisdom is then personified as a woman crying out publicly in the streets and city gates, pleading with the simple to turn from mockery before disaster strikes, since those who reject her will call for help too late (vv. 20-33).

Authorship & Background

Author: Primarily Solomon (1:1, 10:1, 25:1), with sections by Agur (ch.30) and King Lemuel (ch.31). Compiled over several centuries. Proverbs is wisdom literature — practical instruction for godly living. Hebrew title: 'Mishlei' — 'Proverbs/Comparisons.'
Historical Context: Chapter 1 serves as the grand introduction to the entire book of Proverbs. Verses 1-7 form the prologue, stating the purpose, audience, and motto of the book. The "fear of the LORD" (v.7) is the theological foundation upon which every proverb rests. Chapters 1-9 are distinct from the rest of Proverbs — they are extended discourses (father-to-son speeches) rather than individual two-line proverbs. This chapter introduces two voices that will compete throughout the book: Wisdom (personified as a woman crying in the streets, vv.20-33) and sinners (vv.10-19). The young man must choose which voice to heed. Solomon likely wrote these instructions for his son Rehoboam — tragically, Rehoboam rejected wisdom and split the kingdom (1 Kings 12).
Classification: Wisdom Literature
Key Themes: a prologue that states six separate purposes before offering a single proverb, the fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge set as the motto the entire book hangs on, sinners' own invitation to violence quoted at length precisely because it sounds like belonging rather than crime, Wisdom personified crying aloud in the streets and city gates rather than hidden in any secret place, and a chilling reversal of roles promised to those who refuse her, I also will laugh at your calamity, mirroring the very mockery once aimed at wisdom itself
Prologue: Purpose and Motto (vv.1-7): The book states its own purpose in six verses before saying anything wise, and the list of aims is broader than instruction: to know wisdom and instruction, to perceive the words of understanding, to receive the instruction of justice and judgment and equity, to give subtilty to the simple, to the young man knowledge and discretion. Two audiences are named, the simple and the young, and then a third that is easy to miss, a wise man will hear, and will increase learning. Then the motto the whole collection hangs on, the fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge, with its opposite in the same breath, but fools despise wisdom and instruction.
A Father's Warning Against Sinners (vv.8-19): The first instruction is about company rather than conduct, my son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not. What follows is their invitation quoted at length, and it is quoted because it is attractive: come with us, let us lay wait for blood, we shall find all precious substance, cast in thy lot among us, let us all have one purse. The appeal is belonging as much as profit. The answer is not a moral argument but an observation about outcomes, they lay wait for their own blood, and the closing line generalises it, so are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain, which taketh away the life of the owners thereof.
Wisdom's Public Appeal and Warning (vv.20-33): Wisdom is personified for the first time and the setting is deliberately public, she crieth in the streets, in the chief place of concourse, in the openings of the gates. Nothing here is esoteric. The complaint is about refusal rather than ignorance, how long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? and the offer is stated plainly, turn you at my reproof, behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you. Then the consequence, and it is the most chilling passage in the chapter because it describes a reversal of roles, I also will laugh at your calamity, then shall they call upon me, but I will not answer. The reason given is that they refused when asked, they would none of my counsel, therefore shall they eat of the fruit of their own way.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik notes that the prologue (vv.1-7) establishes Proverbs as practical, not merely theoretical. Wisdom here is skill for living — the Hebrew "chokmah" was used for craftsmen's skill (Exodus 31:3). Verse 7 is the "Alpha and Omega of all true knowledge." Guzik emphasizes that personified Wisdom in vv.20-33 is no mere literary device — she represents God's own wisdom making itself available, yet terrifyingly, she can be refused until it is too late.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Proverbs 1:8-4:27 | Solomon's Ten Lectures | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Proverbs 1:1-7 | The Fear of the Lord | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

A Summary of the Book of Proverbs | GotQuestions.org
Got Questions Ministries

Proverbs: The Bible Explained
Spoken Gospel

Book of Proverbs Summary: A Complete Animated Overview
BibleProject

Proverbs 1 Explained - Understanding Wisdom's Beginning & Call
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Proverbs -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • The Fear of the LORD Is the Starting Point (v.7) — Solomon states plainly that reverence for God, not human cleverness, is where real knowledge begins. Is your life being built on that foundation, or are you trying to construct wisdom without it?
  • Temptation Requires Your Consent (v.10) — the father warns his son that sinners will try to entice him, but he still has to choose whether to go along. What invitations are you being asked to accept right now that you already know you should refuse?
  • Wisdom Calls Out in Public (vv.20-21) — Wisdom is pictured shouting in the streets and city gates, available to anyone willing to listen, not hidden away. Where is godly wisdom already available to you that you've been ignoring?
  • There Is a Point of No Return (vv.24-28) — those who keep refusing wisdom's call eventually find that their cries for help go unanswered. Are you presuming on tomorrow's opportunity to respond, when today is the moment you actually have?
  • Comfort Can Be as Dangerous as Crisis (v.32) — the complacency of fools destroys them just as surely as active rebellion does. Where has ease or routine made you feel like you don't need God as much as you actually do?