Galatians — Chapter 3

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1O foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was clearly portrayed as crucified.

2I would like to learn just one thing from you: Did you receive the Spirit by works of the law, or by hearing with faith?

3Are you so foolish? After starting in the Spirit, are you now finishing in the flesh?

4Have you suffered so much for nothing, if it really was for nothing?

5Does God lavish His Spirit on you and work miracles among you because you practice the law, or because you hear and believe?

6So also, “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”

7Understand, then, that those who have faith are sons of Abraham.

8The Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and foretold the gospel to Abraham: “All nations will be blessed through you.”

9So those who have faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith.

10All who rely on works of the law are under a curse. For it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law.”

11Now it is clear that no one is justified before God by the law, because, “The righteous will live by faith.”

12The law, however, is not based on faith; on the contrary, “The man who does these things will live by them.”

13Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us. For it is written: “Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree.”

14He redeemed us in order that the blessing promised to Abraham would come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit.

15Brothers, let me put this in human terms. Even a human covenant, once it is ratified, cannot be canceled or amended.

16The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. The Scripture does not say, “and to seeds,” meaning many, but “and to your seed,” meaning One, who is Christ.

17What I mean is this: The law that came 430 years later does not revoke the covenant previously established by God, so as to nullify the promise.

18For if the inheritance depends on the law, then it no longer depends on a promise; but God freely granted it to Abraham through a promise.

19Why then was the law given? It was added because of transgressions, until the arrival of the seed to whom the promise referred. It was administered through angels by a mediator.

20A mediator is unnecessary, however, for only one party; but God is one.

21Is the law, then, opposed to the promises of God? Certainly not! For if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come from the law.

22But the Scripture pronounces all things confined by sin, so that by faith in Jesus Christ the promise might be given to those who believe.

23Before this faith came, we were held in custody under the law, locked up until faith should be revealed.

24So the law became our guardian to lead us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith.

25Now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.

26You are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus.

27For all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ.

28There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.

29And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed and heirs according to the promise.

1O foolish Galatians, who hath bewitched you, that ye should not obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth, crucified among you?

2This only would I learn of you, Received ye the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?

3Are ye so foolish? having begun in the Spirit, are ye now made perfect by the flesh?

4Have ye suffered so many things in vain? if it be yet in vain.

5He therefore that ministereth to you the Spirit, and worketh miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?

6Even as Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness.

7Know ye therefore that they which are of faith, the same are the children of Abraham.

8And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the heathen through faith, preached before the gospel unto Abraham, saying, In thee shall all nations be blessed.

9So then they which be of faith are blessed with faithful Abraham.

10For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them.

11But that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, it is evident: for, The just shall live by faith.

12And the law is not of faith: but, The man that doeth them shall live in them.

13Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree:

14That the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Jesus Christ; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

15Brethren, I speak after the manner of men; Though it be but a man’s covenant, yet if it be confirmed, no man disannulleth, or addeth thereto.

16Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ.

17And this I say, that the covenant, that was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was four hundred and thirty years after, cannot disannul, that it should make the promise of none effect.

18For if the inheritance be of the law, it is no more of promise: but God gave it to Abraham by promise.

19Wherefore then serveth the law? It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made; and it was ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator.

20Now a mediator is not a mediator of one, but God is one.

21Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law.

22But the scripture hath concluded all under sin, that the promise by faith of Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe.

23But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed.

24Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.

25But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster.

26For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus.

27For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ.

28There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.

29And if ye be Christ’s, then are ye Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.

1O foolish Galatians, who did bewitch you, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was openly set forth crucified?

2This only would I learn from you. Received ye the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?

3Are ye so foolish? having begun in the Spirit, are ye now perfected in the flesh?

4Did ye suffer so many things in vain? if it be indeed in vain.

5He therefore that supplieth to you the Spirit, and worketh miracles among you, [doeth he it] by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?

6Even as Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness.

7Know therefore that they that are of faith, the same are sons of Abraham.

8And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the gospel beforehand unto Abraham, [saying,] In thee shall all the nations be blessed.

9So then they that are of faith are blessed with the faithful Abraham.

10For as many as are of the works of the law are under a curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one who continueth not in all things that are written in the book of the law, to do them.

11Now that no man is justified by the law before God, is evident: for, The righteous shall live by faith;

12and the law is not of faith; but, He that doeth them shall live in them.

13Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us; for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree:

14that upon the Gentiles might come the blessing of Abraham in Christ Jesus; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

15Brethren, I speak after the manner of men: Though it be but a man`s covenant, yet when it hath been confirmed, no one maketh it void, or addeth thereto.

16Now to Abraham were the promises spoken, and to his seed. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ.

17Now this I say: A covenant confirmed beforehand by God, the law, which came four hundred and thirty years after, doth not disannul, so as to make the promise of none effect.

18For if the inheritance is of the law, it is no more of promise: but God hath granted it to Abraham by promise.

19What then is the law? It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise hath been made; [and it was] ordained through angels by the hand of a mediator.

20Now a mediator is not [a mediator] of one; but God is one.

21Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which could make alive, verily righteousness would have been of the law.

22But the scriptures shut up all things under sin, that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe.

23But before faith came, we were kept in ward under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed.

24So that the law is become our tutor [to bring us] unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.

25But now faith that is come, we are no longer under a tutor.

26For ye are all sons of God, through faith, in Christ Jesus.

27For as many of you as were baptized into Christ did put on Christ.

28There can be neither Jew nor Greek, there can be neither bond nor free, there can be no male and female; for ye all are one [man] in Christ Jesus.

29And if ye are Christ`s, then are ye Abraham`s seed, heirs according to promise.

1You foolish Galatians! Who has cast a spell on you? Before your eyes Jesus Christ was vividly portrayed as crucified!

2The only thing I want to learn from you is this: Did you receive the Spirit by doing the works of the law or by believing what you heard?

3Are you so foolish? Although you began with the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by human effort?

4Have you suffered so many things for nothing?—if indeed it was for nothing.

5Does God then give you the Spirit and work miracles among you by your doing the works of the law or by your believing what you heard?

6Just as Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness,

7so then, understand that those who believe are the sons of Abraham.

8And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, proclaimed the gospel to Abraham ahead of time, saying, “All the nations will be blessed in you.”

9So then those who believe are blessed along with Abraham the believer.

10For all who rely on doing the works of the law are under a curse because it is written, “Cursed is everyone who does not keep on doing everything written in the book of the law.”

11Now it is clear no one is justified before God by the law because the righteous one will live by faith.

12But the law is not based on faith, but the one who does the works of the law will live by them.

13Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us (because it is written, “Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree”)

14in order that in Christ Jesus the blessing of Abraham would come to the Gentiles, so that we could receive the promise of the Spirit by faith.

15Brothers and sisters, I offer an example from everyday life: When a covenant has been ratified, even though it is only a human contract, no one can set it aside or add anything to it.

16Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his descendant. Scripture does not say, “and to the descendants,” referring to many, but “and to your descendant,” referring to one, who is Christ.

17What I am saying is this: The law that came 430 years later does not cancel a covenant previously ratified by God, so as to invalidate the promise.

18For if the inheritance is based on the law, it is no longer based on the promise, but God graciously gave it to Abraham through the promise.

19Why then was the law given? It was added because of transgressions, until the arrival of the descendant to whom the promise had been made. It was administered through angels by an intermediary.

20Now an intermediary is not for one party alone, but God is one.

21Is the law therefore opposed to the promises of God? Absolutely not! For if a law had been given that was able to give life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law.

22But the scripture imprisoned everything under sin so that the promise could be given—because of the faithfulness of Jesus Christ—to those who believe.

23Now before faith came we were held in custody under the law, being kept as prisoners until the coming faith would be revealed.

24Thus the law had become our guardian until Christ, so that we could be declared righteous by faith.

25But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.

26For in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God through faith.

27For all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ.

28There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female—for all of you are one in Christ Jesus.

29And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s descendants, heirs according to the promise.

1Foolish Galatians, who has bewitched you not to obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was openly portrayed among you as crucified?

2I just want to learn this from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by hearing of faith?

3Are you so foolish? Having begun in the Spirit, are you now completed in the flesh?

4Did you suffer so many things in vain, if it is indeed in vain?

5He therefore who supplies the Spirit to you, and does miracles among you, does he do it by the works of the law, or by hearing of faith?

6Even as Abraham “believed God, and it was counted to him for righteousness.”

7Know therefore that those who are of faith, the same are children of Abraham.

8The Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the Good News beforehand to Abraham, saying, “In you all the nations will be blessed.”

9So then, those who are of faith are blessed with the faithful Abraham.

10For as many as are of the works of the law are under a curse. For it is written, “Cursed is everyone who doesn’t continue in all things that are written in the book of the law, to do them.”

11Now that no man is justified by the law before God is evident, for, “The righteous will live by faith.”

12The law is not of faith, but, “The man who does them will live by them.”

13Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us. For it is written, “Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree,”

14that the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Christ Jesus; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.

15Brothers, speaking of human terms, though it is only a man’s covenant, yet when it has been confirmed, no one makes it void, or adds to it.

16Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his offspring. He doesn’t say, “To descendants”, as of many, but as of one, “To your offspring”, which is Christ.

17Now I say this: A covenant confirmed beforehand by God in Christ, the law, which came four hundred thirty years after, does not annul, so as to make the promise of no effect.

18For if the inheritance is of the law, it is no more of promise; but God has granted it to Abraham by promise.

19Then why is there the law? It was added because of transgressions, until the offspring should come to whom the promise has been made. It was ordained through angels by the hand of a mediator.

20Now a mediator is not between one, but God is one.

21Is the law then against the promises of God? Certainly not! For if there had been a law given which could make alive, most certainly righteousness would have been of the law.

22But the Scriptures imprisoned all things under sin, that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe.

23But before faith came, we were kept in custody under the law, confined for the faith which should afterwards be revealed.

24So that the law has become our tutor to bring us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith.

25But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a tutor.

26For you are all children of God, through faith in Christ Jesus.

27For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ.

28There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus.

29If you are Christ’s, then you are Abraham’s offspring and heirs according to promise.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Paul rebukes the Galatians for abandoning faith after receiving the Spirit through hearing with faith rather than works of the law (vv. 1-5). He points to Abraham, who believed God and was credited with righteousness, showing that those who have faith are Abraham's true children (vv. 6-9). Because no one is justified by keeping the law, Christ redeemed believers from its curse by becoming a curse for them, so the blessing of Abraham might reach the Gentiles (vv. 10-14). The law, given centuries after God's promise to Abraham, cannot cancel that promise; instead it served as a guardian until Christ came (vv. 15-25). Now, through faith and baptism into Christ, all believers are one in him and heirs according to the promise (vv. 26-29).

Authorship & Background

Author: Paul (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 3 is Paul's theological argument for justification by faith — using Abraham, the Law, and the promise to prove that faith has always been God's way of salvation. The Law came 430 years after the promise to Abraham — it cannot cancel or modify the promise.
Classification: Epistle — Pauline
Key Themes: Experience of the Spirit cited as evidence before any argument from scripture, Abraham believing God 430 years before the law existed, a curse and a promise both quoted from the law against itself, the law described as a schoolmaster rather than a permanent guardian, and neither Jew nor Greek, bond nor free, male nor female left standing as a basis for standing before God
The Argument from Experience (vv.1-5): Paul asks: "Did you receive the Spirit by works of the law, or by hearing with faith?" (v.2). Their own experience proves the point — they received the Spirit through faith, not law-keeping. Why go back to works now?
The Argument from Abraham (vv.6-9): Abraham "believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness" (v.6, quoting Genesis 15:6). Abraham was justified by faith — 430 years before the Law existed. Therefore, faith is the original and permanent way of salvation.
The Curse and the Promise (vv.10-18): Two verdicts are set against each other and both are quoted from the law itself. Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law, and the just shall live by faith. Then the exchange, Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us, with Deuteronomy's line about a man hanged on a tree applied to the cross. The second half turns on a legal point about documents: a covenant confirmed cannot be annulled or added to afterwards, and the promise to Abraham came four hundred and thirty years before the law, so the law cannot have replaced it. Paul also presses the singular, he saith not, And to seeds, as of many, but as of one.
The Argument from the Law's Purpose (vv.19-25): "Wherefore then serveth the law?" (v.19). The Law was added "because of transgressions" — to reveal sin, restrain evil, and drive people to Christ. It was a "schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ" (v.24) — a temporary guardian until faith came.
Neither Jew Nor Greek (vv.26-29): For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. Then the three pairs, and each names a division that organized the ancient world: there is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female. Paul is not saying the distinctions vanish, he is saying they no longer determine standing, which is precisely what the circumcision party was arguing they did. The conclusion returns to Abraham and closes the chapter's whole argument, if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the argument from experience, from Abraham, from the Law's curse, from the Law's purpose, and the unity in Christ.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Galatians 3 | All You Need is Faith | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Galatians 3:1-5 - Your Own Life Proves It
David Guzik

Galatians 3:6-9 - Father Abraham Had Many Sons
David Guzik

Galatians 3:10-22 - God's Kind of Jailbreak
David Guzik

Galatians 3:23-29 - Your Identity in Three Dimensions
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org What 'neither Jew nor Greek, neither slave nor free' claims, and what it is often made to claim.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org Being baptised into Christ in this chapter, and whether the water is in view.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Galatians -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Started by Faith, Not Finished by Works (v.2) — Paul reminds the Galatians they received the Spirit by believing, not by keeping the law. What tempts you to add works onto a faith that already saved you?
  • The Impossible Weight of the Law (v.10) — Anyone who relies on law-keeping is bound to keep all of it perfectly or fall under its curse. How does that impossibility push you toward depending on Christ instead of your own effort?
  • Christ Became the Curse (v.13) — Christ took on the law's curse himself so its penalty would fall on him instead of us. Do you live like someone who has actually been set free, or do you still carry guilt Christ already paid for?
  • A Guardian, Not a Savior (v.24) — The law's role was to expose sin and lead people to Christ, not to save them itself. Are you still trying to please a guardian whose job is already finished?
  • One in Christ (v.28) — In Christ, every worldly division of ethnicity, class, and status is transcended by a shared identity. What divisions still shape how you see or treat other believers?
  • Heirs by Promise, Not by Blood (v.29) — Belonging to Christ makes you an heir of Abraham's promise through faith, not lineage. What would it look like to actually live like someone who has inherited God's promises?