Zechariah — Chapter 7

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1In the fourth year of King Darius, the word of the LORD came to Zechariah on the fourth day of the ninth month, the month of Chislev.

2Now the people of Bethel had sent Sharezer and Regem-melech, along with their men, to plead before the LORD

3by asking the priests of the house of the LORD of Hosts, as well as the prophets, “Should I weep and fast in the fifth month, as I have done these many years?”

4Then the word of the LORD of Hosts came to me, saying,

5“Ask all the people of the land and the priests, ‘When you fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh months for these seventy years, was it really for Me that you fasted?

6And when you were eating and drinking, were you not doing so simply for yourselves?

7Are these not the words that the LORD proclaimed through the earlier prophets, when Jerusalem and its surrounding towns were populous and prosperous, and the Negev and the foothills were inhabited?’”

8Then the word of the LORD came to Zechariah, saying,

9“This is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘Administer true justice. Show loving devotion and compassion to one another.

10Do not oppress the widow or the fatherless, the foreigner or the poor. And do not plot evil in your hearts against one another.’

11But they refused to pay attention and turned a stubborn shoulder; they stopped up their ears from hearing.

12They made their hearts like flint and would not listen to the law or to the words that the LORD of Hosts had sent by His Spirit through the earlier prophets. Therefore great anger came from the LORD of Hosts.

13And just as I had called and they would not listen, so when they called I would not listen, says the LORD of Hosts.

14But I scattered them with a whirlwind among all the nations that they had not known, and the land was left desolate behind them so that no one could come or go. Thus they turned the pleasant land into a desolation.”

1And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth month, even in Chisleu;

2When they had sent unto the house of God Sherezer and Regem-melech, and their men, to pray before the LORD,

3And to speak unto the priests which were in the house of the LORD of hosts, and to the prophets, saying, Should I weep in the fifth month, separating myself, as I have done these so many years?

4Then came the word of the LORD of hosts unto me, saying,

5Speak unto all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When ye fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh month, even those seventy years, did ye at all fast unto me, even to me?

6And when ye did eat, and when ye did drink, did not ye eat for yourselves, and drink for yourselves?

7Should ye not hear the words which the LORD hath cried by the former prophets, when Jerusalem was inhabited and in prosperity, and the cities thereof round about her, when men inhabited the south and the plain?

8And the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah, saying,

9Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Execute true judgment, and shew mercy and compassions every man to his brother:

10And oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart.

11But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their ears, that they should not hear.

12Yea, they made their hearts as an adamant stone, lest they should hear the law, and the words which the LORD of hosts hath sent in his spirit by the former prophets: therefore came a great wrath from the LORD of hosts.

13Therefore it is come to pass, that as he cried, and they would not hear; so they cried, and I would not hear, saith the LORD of hosts:

14But I scattered them with a whirlwind among all the nations whom they knew not. Thus the land was desolate after them, that no man passed through nor returned: for they laid the pleasant land desolate.

1And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the word of Jehovah came unto Zechariah in the fourth [day] of the ninth month, even in Chislev.

2Now [they of] Beth-el had sent Sharezer and Regem-melech, and their men, to entreat the favor of Jehovah,

3[and] to speak unto the priests of the house of Jehovah of hosts, and to the prophets, saying, Should I weep in the fifth month, separating myself, as I have done these so many years?

4Then came the word of Jehovah of hosts unto me, saying,

5Speak unto all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When ye fasted and mourned in the fifth and in the seventh [month], even these seventy years, did ye at all fast unto me, even to me?

6And when ye eat, and when ye drink, do not ye eat for yourselves, and drink for yourselves?

7[Should ye] not [hear] the words which Jehovah cried by the former prophets, when Jerusalem was inhabited and in prosperity, and the cities thereof round about her, and the South and the lowland were inhabited?

8And the word of Jehovah came unto Zechariah, saying,

9Thus hath Jehovah of hosts spoken, saying, Execute true judgment, and show kindness and compassion every man to his brother;

10and oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the sojourner, nor the poor; and let none of you devise evil against his brother in your heart.

11But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their ears, that they might not hear.

12Yea, they made their hearts as an adamant stone, lest they should hear the law, and the words which Jehovah of hosts had sent by his Spirit by the former prophets: therefore there came great wrath from Jehovah of hosts.

13And it is come to pass that, as he cried, and they would not hear, so they shall cry, and I will not hear, said Jehovah of hosts;

14but I will scatter them with a whirlwind among all the nations which they have not known. Thus the land was desolate after them, so that no man passed through nor returned: for they laid the pleasant land desolate.

1In King Darius’ fourth year, on the fourth day of Kislev, the ninth month, the Lord’s message came to Zechariah.

2Now the people of Bethel had sent Sharezer and Regem-Melech and their companions to seek the Lord’s favor

3by asking both the priests of the temple of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies and the prophets, “Should we weep in the fifth month, fasting as we have done over the years?”

4The message of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies then came to me,

5“Speak to all the people and priests of the land as follows: ‘When you fasted and lamented in the fifth and seventh months through all these 70 years, did you truly fast for me—for me, indeed?

6And now when you eat and drink, are you not doing so for yourselves?

7Should you not have obeyed the words that the Lord cried out through the former prophets when Jerusalem was peacefully inhabited and her surrounding cities, the Negev, and the foothills were also populated?’”

8Again the Lord’s message came to Zechariah:

9“The Lord of Heaven’s Armies said, ‘Exercise true judgment and show brotherhood and compassion to each other.

10You must not oppress the widow, the orphan, the resident foreigner, or the poor, nor should anyone secretly plot evil against his fellow citizen.’

11“But they refused to pay attention, turning away stubbornly and stopping their ears so they could not hear.

12Indeed, they made their hearts as hard as diamond, so that they could not obey the law of Moses and the other words the Lord of Heaven’s Armies had sent by his Spirit through the former prophets. Therefore, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies poured out great wrath.

13“‘Just as I called out, but they would not obey, so they will call out, but I will not listen,’ the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says.

14‘Rather, I will sweep them away in a storm into all the nations they are not familiar with.’ Thus the land became desolate because of them, with no one crossing through or returning, for they had made the fruitful land a waste.”

1In the fourth year of king Darius, Yahweh’s word came to Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth month, the month of Chislev.

2The people of Bethel sent Sharezer and Regem Melech, and their men, to entreat Yahweh’s favor,

3and to speak to the priests of the house of Yahweh of Armies, and to the prophets, saying, “Should I weep in the fifth month, separating myself, as I have done these so many years?”

4Then the word of Yahweh of Armies came to me, saying,

5“Speak to all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, ‘When you fasted and mourned in the fifth and in the seventh month for these seventy years, did you at all fast to me, really to me?

6When you eat, and when you drink, don’t you eat for yourselves, and drink for yourselves?

7Aren’t these the words which Yahweh proclaimed by the former prophets, when Jerusalem was inhabited and in prosperity, and its cities around her, and the South and the lowland were inhabited?’”

8Yahweh’s word came to Zechariah, saying,

9“Thus has Yahweh of Armies spoken, saying, ‘Execute true judgment, and show kindness and compassion every man to his brother.

10Don’t oppress the widow, nor the fatherless, the foreigner, nor the poor; and let none of you devise evil against his brother in your heart.’

11But they refused to listen, and turned their backs, and stopped their ears, that they might not hear.

12Yes, they made their hearts as hard as flint, lest they might hear the law, and the words which Yahweh of Armies had sent by his Spirit by the former prophets. Therefore great wrath came from Yahweh of Armies.

13It has come to pass that, as he called, and they refused to listen, so they will call, and I will not listen,” said Yahweh of Armies;

14“but I will scatter them with a whirlwind among all the nations which they have not known. Thus the land was desolate after them, so that no man passed through nor returned: for they made the pleasant land desolate.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

In the fourth year of King Darius, a delegation from Bethel sends men to the temple to ask the priests and prophets whether they should keep observing the fast that commemorates Jerusalem's destruction (vv. 1-3). The Lord answers through Zechariah by questioning whether their fasting, and even their feasting, over these many decades was ever truly done for him rather than for themselves (vv. 4-7). He reminds them what he had already commanded through the earlier prophets: render true justice, show kindness and compassion, and stop oppressing the widow, the orphan, the foreigner, and the poor (vv. 8-10). Their ancestors refused to listen, hardened their hearts, and ignored the prophets, so the Lord scattered them among the nations and left their once-pleasant land desolate (vv. 11-14).

Authorship & Background

Author: Zechariah son of Berechiah. Prophesied 520-480 BC. Contemporary with Haggai. Key theme: Messianic hope and the coming kingdom. The most Messianic of the Minor Prophets. Famous passages: the Branch (3:8, 6:12), "Not by might... but by my spirit" (4:6), the triumphal entry (9:9), "they shall look upon me whom they have pierced" (12:10), the shepherd struck (13:7), and the LORD's return to the Mount of Olives (14:4).
Classification: Prophetic Oracle — The Question of Fasting and the Demand for Justice
Key Themes: Empty ritual versus genuine obedience, self-centered religion exposed, God's true requirements (justice, mercy, compassion), the hard heart that refuses to hear, the consequences of persistent disobedience
Historical Context: Two years after the night visions (now the fourth year of Darius, 518 BC), a delegation from Bethel arrives with a practical question: should they continue the fasts commemorating Jerusalem's fall? They had fasted in the fifth month (the Temple's destruction) and the seventh month (Gedaliah's assassination) for seventy years. Now that the Temple is being rebuilt, are these fasts still required? God's answer is devastating: "When you fasted... did you really fast for me?" (v.5). Their fasting was self-referential — about their grief, their national identity, their religious routine. It was never truly about God. Similarly, "when you eat and drink, do you not eat for yourselves?" (v.6). Whether fasting or feasting, they were self-centered. God then reminds them what He actually requires: true justice, mercy, compassion — not ritual. Their fathers refused this and made their hearts like "adamant stone" (diamond-hard). The consequence: God scattered them and desolated their land. The lesson for this generation is clear: don't repeat the pattern. Ritual without righteousness is worthless.
The Delegation's Question: Should We Still Fast? (vv.1-3): Two years on, in the fourth year of Darius, men arrive from Bethel with a procedural question. Should I weep in the fifth month, separating myself, as I have done these so many years? The fast of the fifth month marked the burning of the temple, and the temple is now nearly rebuilt, so the question is reasonable and narrow: is the mourning still required? Seventy years of practice stand behind it.
God's Probing Response: Was It Really for Me? (vv.4-6): The answer does not address the calendar. When ye fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh month, even those seventy years, did ye at all fast unto me, even to me? The question is about the object of the act rather than its continuation. Then it is widened so no one can treat fasting as the special case, and when ye did eat, and when ye did drink, did not ye eat for yourselves, and drink for yourselves? Feasting and fasting are put on the same footing, and both are found pointed inward.
The True Requirement: Justice and Mercy (vv.7-10): Are not these the words which the LORD hath cried by the former prophets? The generation asking about fasts is referred to the generation that lost the city, and the content of the earlier message is restated as four commands and one prohibition: execute true judgment, show mercy and compassion every man to his brother, oppress not the widow, the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor, and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart. Not one item concerns the calendar.
The Fathers' Stubborn Refusal (vv.11-12): But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their ears. The shoulder is an ox refusing the yoke, an animal that will not take the harness. Then the hardest image in the chapter, they made their hearts as an adamant stone, lest they should hear the law. Adamant is the hardest substance the language had a word for, and the hardening is described as something they did on purpose and for a purpose, so as not to hear.
The Terrible Consequence: As I Called, They Refused (vv.13-14): Therefore it is come to pass, that as he cried, and they would not hear, so they cried, and I would not hear. The symmetry is exact and is stated as the mechanism rather than as revenge. I scattered them with a whirlwind among all the nations, and the land was desolate after them, that no man passed through. The closing clause is the answer to the delegation's question, put in the form of a consequence: the empty land is why there is a fast in the fifth month at all.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem (v.7): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Verse-by-verse commentary on this chapter, written for the everyday reader and freely available online.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Zechariah 7-8 | From Fasting to Feasting | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

For Me Or For You? - Zechariah 7:5
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Zechariah -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Was It Ever Really for Him? (v.5) — God asks the fasting people directly whether their fasting was actually for Him or just for themselves. Are your own spiritual habits genuinely about connecting with God, or more about how they make you feel about yourself?
  • Justice and Mercy Over Ritual (vv.9-10) — God's actual instruction to the earlier generation was to render true justice and show mercy and compassion, not simply to keep religious observances. Does your treatment of the vulnerable people around you match the sincerity of your worship?
  • A Heart Made Hard by Choice (v.12) — The fathers made their hearts like flint specifically to keep from hearing God's instruction. Are there convictions from God you've repeatedly brushed aside that may be gradually hardening your heart?
  • When Refusal Meets Refusal (v.13) — Because the people refused to listen when God called, God declares that He too will not listen when they call. Is there a warning here for you not to presume endlessly on God's patience while you keep putting off your response to Him?
  • Disobedience Leaves Desolation (v.14) — What had been a pleasant land is left desolate as a direct result of persistent unfaithfulness. Is there an area of your life that was once flourishing but has grown desolate through ongoing neglect or disobedience?