Amos — Chapter 4

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1Hear this word, you cows of Bashan on Mount Samaria, you women who oppress the poor and crush the needy, who say to your husbands, “Bring us more to drink.”

2The Lord GOD has sworn by His holiness: “Behold, the days are coming when you will be taken away with hooks, and your posterity with fishhooks.

3You will go out through broken walls, each one straight ahead of her, and you will be cast out toward Harmon,” declares the LORD.

4“Go to Bethel and transgress; rebel even more at Gilgal! Bring your sacrifices every morning, your tithes every three days.

5Offer leavened bread as a thank offering, and loudly proclaim your freewill offerings. For that is what you children of Israel love to do,” declares the Lord GOD.

6“I afflicted all your cities with cleanness of teeth and all your towns with lack of bread, yet you did not return to Me,” declares the LORD.

7“I also withheld the rain from you when the harvest was three months away. I sent rain on one city but withheld it from another. One field received rain; another without rain withered.

8People staggered from city to city for water to drink, but they were not satisfied; yet you did not return to Me,” declares the LORD.

9“I struck you with blight and mildew in your growing gardens and vineyards; the locust devoured your fig and olive trees, yet you did not return to Me,” declares the LORD.

10“I sent plagues among you like those of Egypt; I killed your young men with the sword, along with your captured horses. I filled your nostrils with the stench of your camp, yet you did not return to Me,” declares the LORD.

11“Some of you I overthrew as I overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and you were like a firebrand snatched from a blaze, yet you did not return to Me,” declares the LORD.

12“Therefore, that is what I will do to you, O Israel, and since I will do this to you, prepare to meet your God, O Israel!

13For behold, He who forms the mountains, who creates the wind and reveals His thoughts to man, who turns the dawn to darkness and strides on the heights of the earth—the LORD, the God of Hosts, is His name.”

1Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samaria, which oppress the poor, which crush the needy, which say to their masters, Bring, and let us drink.

2The Lord GOD hath sworn by his holiness, that, lo, the days shall come upon you, that he will take you away with hooks, and your posterity with fishhooks.

3And ye shall go out at the breaches, every cow at that which is before her; and ye shall cast them into the palace, saith the LORD.

4Come to Bethel, and transgress; at Gilgal multiply transgression; and bring your sacrifices every morning, and your tithes after three years:

5And offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving with leaven, and proclaim and publish the free offerings: for this liketh you, O ye children of Israel, saith the Lord GOD.

6And I also have given you cleanness of teeth in all your cities, and want of bread in all your places: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD.

7And also I have withholden the rain from you, when there were yet three months to the harvest: and I caused it to rain upon one city, and caused it not to rain upon another city: one piece was rained upon, and the piece whereupon it rained not withered.

8So two or three cities wandered unto one city, to drink water; but they were not satisfied: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD.

9I have smitten you with blasting and mildew: when your gardens and your vineyards and your fig trees and your olive trees increased, the palmerworm devoured them: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD.

10I have sent among you the pestilence after the manner of Egypt: your young men have I slain with the sword, and have taken away your horses; and I have made the stink of your camps to come up unto your nostrils: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD.

11I have overthrown some of you, as God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and ye were as a firebrand plucked out of the burning: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith the LORD.

12Therefore thus will I do unto thee, O Israel: and because I will do this unto thee, prepare to meet thy God, O Israel.

13For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth unto man what is his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth, The LORD, The God of hosts, is his name.

1Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samaria, that oppress the poor, that crush the needy, that say unto their lords, Bring, and let us drink.

2The Lord Jehovah hath sworn by his holiness, that, lo, the days shall come upon you, that they shall take you away with hooks, and your residue with fish-hooks.

3And ye shall go out at the breaches, every one straight before her; and ye shall cast [yourselves] into Harmon, saith Jehovah.

4Come to Beth-el, and transgress; to Gilgal, [and] multiply transgression; and bring your sacrifices every morning, [and] your tithes every three days;

5and offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving of that which is leavened, and proclaim freewill-offerings and publish them: for this pleaseth you, O ye children of Israel, saith the Lord Jehovah.

6And I also have given you cleanness of teeth in all your cities, and want of bread in all your places; yet have ye not returned unto me, saith Jehovah.

7And I also have withholden the rain from you, when there were yet three months to the harvest; and I caused it to rain upon one city, and caused it not to rain upon another city: one piece was rained upon, and the piece whereupon it rained not withered.

8So two or three cities wandered unto one city to drink water, and were not satisfied: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith Jehovah.

9I have smitten you with blasting and mildew: the multitude of your gardens and your vineyards and your fig-trees and your olive-trees hath the palmer-worm devoured: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith Jehovah.

10I have sent among you the pestilence after the manner of Egypt: your young men have I slain with the sword, and have carried away your horses; and I have made the stench of your camp to come up even into your nostrils: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith Jehovah.

11I have overthrown [cities] among you, as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and ye were as a brand plucked out of the burning: yet have ye not returned unto me, saith Jehovah.

12Therefore thus will I do unto thee, O Israel; [and] because I will do this unto thee, prepare to meet thy God, O Israel.

13For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth unto man what is his thought; that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the Earth-jehovah, the God of hosts, is his name.

1Listen to this message, you cows of Bashan who live on Mount Samaria! You oppress the poor; you crush the needy. You say to your husbands, “Bring us more to drink!”

2The Sovereign Lord confirms this oath by his own holy character: “Certainly the time is approaching when you will be carried away in baskets, every last one of you in fishermen’s pots.

3Each of you will go straight through the gaps in the walls; you will be thrown out toward Harmon.” The Lord is speaking.

4“Go to Bethel and rebel! At Gilgal rebel some more! Bring your sacrifices in the morning, your tithes on the third day!

5Burn a thank offering of bread made with yeast! Make a public display of your voluntary offerings! For you love to do this, you Israelites.” The Sovereign Lord is speaking.

6“But surely I gave you no food to eat in all your cities; you lacked food everywhere you lived. Still you did not come back to me.” The Lord is speaking.

7“I withheld rain from you three months before the harvest. I gave rain to one city, but not to another. One field would get rain, but the field that received no rain dried up.

8People from two or three cities staggered into one city to get water, but remained thirsty. Still you did not come back to me.” The Lord is speaking.

9“I destroyed your crops with blight and disease. Locusts kept devouring your orchards, vineyards, fig trees, and olive trees. Still you did not come back to me.” The Lord is speaking.

10“I sent against you a plague like one of the Egyptian plagues. I killed your young men with the sword, along with the horses you had captured. I made the stench from the corpses rise up into your nostrils. Still you did not come back to me.” The Lord is speaking.

11“I overthrew some of you the way God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah. You were like a burning stick snatched from the flames. Still you did not come back to me.” The Lord is speaking.

12“Therefore this is what I will do to you, Israel. Because I will do this to you, prepare to meet your God, Israel!”

13For here he is! He formed the mountains and created the wind. He reveals his plans to men. He turns the dawn into darkness and marches on the heights of the earth. The Lord God of Heaven’s Armies is his name!

1Listen to this word, you cows of Bashan, who are on the mountain of Samaria, who oppress the poor, who crush the needy, who tell their husbands, “Bring us drinks!”

2The Lord Yahweh has sworn by his holiness that behold, “The days shall come on you that they will take you away with hooks, and the last of you with fish hooks.

3You will go out at the breaks in the wall, everyone straight before her; and you will cast yourselves into Harmon,” says Yahweh.

4“Go to Bethel, and sin; to Gilgal, and sin more. Bring your sacrifices every morning, your tithes every three days,

5offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving of that which is leavened, and proclaim free will offerings and brag about them: for this pleases you, you children of Israel,” says the Lord Yahweh.

6“I also have given you cleanness of teeth in all your cities, and lack of bread in every town; yet you haven’t returned to me,” says Yahweh.

7“I also have withheld the rain from you, when there were yet three months to the harvest; and I caused it to rain on one city, and caused it not to rain on another city. One place was rained on, and the piece where it didn’t rain withered.

8So two or three cities staggered to one city to drink water, and were not satisfied: yet you haven’t returned to me,” says Yahweh.

9“I struck you with blight and mildew many times in your gardens and your vineyards; and your fig trees and your olive trees have the swarming locust devoured: yet you haven’t returned to me,” says Yahweh.

10“I sent plagues among you like I did Egypt. I have slain your young men with the sword, and have carried away your horses; and I filled your nostrils with the stench of your camp, yet you haven’t returned to me,” says Yahweh.

11“I have overthrown some of you, as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and you were like a burning stick plucked out of the fire; yet you haven’t returned to me,” says Yahweh.

12“Therefore thus will I do to you, Israel; because I will do this to you, prepare to meet your God, Israel.

13For, behold, he who forms the mountains, and creates the wind, and declares to man what is his thought; who makes the morning darkness, and treads on the high places of the earth: Yahweh, the God of Armies, is his name.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

God condemns the wealthy women of Samaria, called "cows of Bashan," who oppress the poor and crush the needy while demanding their husbands bring them drink, warning they will be led away with hooks into exile (vv. 1-3). He mocks Israel's empty religious rituals at Bethel and Gilgal, where they multiply sin even while offering sacrifices and tithes (vv. 4-5). God then recounts five judgments He sent to bring Israel back — hunger, drought, blight and mildew, plague, and military defeat — each followed by the refrain "yet you did not return to me" (vv. 6-11). Because Israel would not repent, God warns them to prepare to meet their God (vv. 12-13).

Authorship & Background

Author: Amos, a shepherd from Tekoa in Judah who prophesied to the northern kingdom (approximately 760-750 BC). Key theme: social justice — God judges nations (including Israel) for oppressing the poor. "Let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream" (5:24).
Classification: Prophetic Oracle — "Yet Have Ye Not Returned"
Key Themes: The "cows of Bashan" — wealthy women who oppress the poor, sarcastic invitation to sin at Bethel, five failed disciplines, "prepare to meet thy God"
Historical Context: Chapter 4 opens with one of the most confrontational addresses in Scripture: the wealthy women of Samaria are called "cows of Bashan" — pampered, fat cattle who demand luxury while their husbands crush the poor. Then God employs devastating sarcasm (vv.4-5): "Come to Bethel and sin!" He mocks their religious enthusiasm. The chapter's center is a five-fold refrain: "yet have ye not returned unto me" (vv.6-11). God sent famine, drought, blight, pestilence, and overthrow — five escalating disciplines — and Israel ignored every one. The chapter climaxes with the terrifying command: "Prepare to meet thy God, O Israel" (v.12).
The Cows of Bashan (vv.1-3): One of the most confrontational addresses in Scripture, and it is aimed at the wealthy women of Samaria: kine of Bashan, well-fed cattle from the best pasture in the region. The charge is not luxury as such but its source — they oppress the poor and crush the needy and then say to their masters, bring and let us drink. The sentence is being led out through breaches in the wall with hooks.
Come to Bethel and Transgress (vv.4-5): God invites them to worship, and the invitation is sarcastic. Come to Bethel and transgress, bring your sacrifices every morning, offer your tithes, publish your freewill offerings — for this liketh you. Their religious enthusiasm is real and beside the point. The last clause names the actual motive: they enjoy it, which is why the volume of it proves nothing.
Yet Have Ye Not Returned unto Me (vv.6-11): Five escalating disciplines, each closing with the same refrain: famine, drought, blight and locusts, pestilence and sword, and an overthrow like Sodom. After every one, yet have ye not returned unto me. The refrain is the point of the passage. The disciplines were not the punishment but the summons, and each was ignored in turn.
Prepare to Meet Thy God (vv.12-13): Therefore, since none of that worked: prepare to meet thy God, O Israel. The line is often read as an invitation and in context it is not one. What follows is a doxology naming the God in question — he that formeth the mountains and createth the wind, the LORD of hosts is his name — which is there to make the encounter sound as serious as it is.

Map & Geography

  • Samaria (v.1): Central region between Judea and Galilee; mixed Jewish-Gentile population.
  • Bashan (v.1): Fertile region east of the Sea of Galilee.
  • Bethel (v.4): City north of Jerusalem; site of Jacob's dream.
  • Egypt (v.10): Land to the southwest; place of Israel's bondage and exodus.
  • Sodom (v.11): City destroyed by God for its wickedness (Genesis 19).
  • Gomorrah (v.11): City destroyed alongside Sodom.

Places on this map

  • SamariaSebastia, West BankOmri bought a bare hill and built a capital on it, which gave the northern kingdom a fortress with no prior claim on it, the same calculation David made with Jerusalem. It commands the pass west toward the coastal plain. The name later spread to the whole region between Galilee and Judea. Wikipedia
  • Galileenorthern IsraelThe northern hill country above the Jezreel Valley, wetter and greener than Judah and crossed by the trade road to Damascus. That traffic is why Judeans considered it mixed and provincial, and why Jesus grew up hearing more than one language. Wikipedia
  • BashanGolan and Hauran, SyriaThe volcanic tableland north-east of the Sea of Galilee, deep in basalt soil and famous for cattle and oak. The bulls of Bashan in the Psalms are a compliment to the pasture before they are an insult to anyone. Wikipedia
  • Sea of GalileeLake Kinneret, IsraelA freshwater lake 13 miles by 8, sunk 700 feet below sea level in a bowl of hills. Cold air spilling over the rim onto warm water is what produces the sudden violent squalls the Gospels keep describing. Wikipedia
  • BethelBeitin, West BankA ridge-road town about 11 miles north of Jerusalem, where Jacob dreamed of the stairway and named the place house of God. Jeroboam later put one of his two golden calves here precisely because pilgrims already came. Wikipedia
  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • EgyptEgyptA ribbon of irrigated land along the Nile, ending in the Delta where Israel settled in Goshen. Rain-fed Canaan depended on weather; Egypt depended on a river that flooded on schedule, which made it the place everyone went when the harvest failed. Wikipedia
  • Judeasouthern Israel and the West BankThe southern hill country around Jerusalem, high, stony and dry, with the wilderness on one side and the Philistine plain on the other. Poor farming and hard access are what let it stay independent longest. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Verse-by-verse commentary on this chapter, written for the everyday reader and freely available online.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Amos 3-6 | Let Justice Roll Like a River | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Warning The Fat Cows - Amos 4:1
David Guzik

Prepare To Meet Your God - Amos 4:12-13
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Amos -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Luxury Built on Someone Else's Suffering (v.1) — The pampered women of Samaria are condemned for demanding comfort while their husbands crush the poor to fund it. Whose hardship might be quietly funding the comfort you enjoy?
  • Religious Activity Without a Changed Heart (vv.4-5) — God sarcastically invites Israel to keep sinning at their sacred sites, since their worship never actually changed how they treated people. Could your own religious routines be more about appearance than an actual change in how you live?
  • Five Warnings, Five Refusals to Return (vv.6-11) — God recounts sending famine, drought, blight, plague, and destruction, and each time Israel still did not return to Him. What hardships in your own life might be God trying to get your attention, and have you been ignoring the pattern?
  • Prepare to Meet Your God (v.12) — Amos closes with the sobering command to prepare to meet God, a meeting that is certain regardless of readiness. If you had to meet God today, would you consider yourself prepared?