Jonah — Chapter 4
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1But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was very angry.
2And he prayed unto the LORD, and said, I pray thee, O LORD, was not this my saying, when I was yet in my country? Therefore I fled before unto Tarshish: for I knew that thou art a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repentest thee of the evil.
3Therefore now, O LORD, take, I beseech thee, my life from me; for it is better for me to die than to live.
4Then said the LORD, Doest thou well to be angry?
5So Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there made him a booth, and sat under it in the shadow, till he might see what would become of the city.
6And the LORD God prepared a gourd, and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shadow over his head, to deliver him from his grief. So Jonah was exceeding glad of the gourd.
7But God prepared a worm when the morning rose the next day, and it smote the gourd that it withered.
8And it came to pass, when the sun did arise, that God prepared a vehement east wind; and the sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wished in himself to die, and said, It is better for me to die than to live.
9And God said to Jonah, Doest thou well to be angry for the gourd? And he said, I do well to be angry, even unto death.
10Then said the LORD, Thou hast had pity on the gourd, for the which thou hast not laboured, neither madest it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night:
11And should not I spare Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much cattle?
1But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was angry.
2And he prayed unto Jehovah, and said, I pray thee, O Jehovah, was not this my saying, when I was yet in my country? Therefore I hasted to flee unto Tarshish; for I knew that thou art a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in lovingkindness, and repentest thee of the evil.
3Therefore now, O Jehovah, take, I beseech thee, my life from me; for it is better for me to die than to live.
4And Jehovah said, Doest thou well to be angry?
5Then Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there made him a booth, and sat under it in the shade, till he might see what would become of the city.
6And Jehovah God prepared a gourd, and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shade over his head, to deliver him from his evil case. So Jonah was exceeding glad because of the gourd.
7But God prepared a worm when the morning rose the next day, and it smote the gourd, that it withered.
8And it came to pass, when the sun arose, that God prepared a sultry east wind; and the sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and requested for himself that he might die, and said, It is better for me to die than to live.
9And God said to Jonah, Doest thou well to be angry for the gourd? And he said, I do well to be angry, even unto death.
10And Jehovah said, Thou hast had regard for the gourd, for which thou hast not labored, neither madest it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night:
11and should not I have regard for Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much cattle?
1This displeased Jonah terribly and he became very angry.
2He prayed to the Lord and said, “Oh, Lord, this is just what I thought would happen when I was in my own country. This is what I tried to prevent by attempting to escape to Tarshish, because I knew that you are a gracious and compassionate God, slow to anger and abounding in mercy, and one who relents concerning threatened judgment.
3So now, Lord, kill me instead, because I would rather die than live!”
4The Lord said, “Are you really so very angry?”
5Jonah left the city and sat down east of it. He made a shelter for himself there and sat down under it in the shade to see what would happen to the city.
6The Lord God appointed a little plant and caused it to grow up over Jonah to be a shade over his head to rescue him from his misery. Now Jonah was very delighted about the little plant.
7So God sent a worm at dawn the next day, and it attacked the little plant so that it dried up.
8When the sun began to shine, God sent a hot east wind. So the sun beat down on Jonah’s head, and he grew faint. So he despaired of life and said, “I would rather die than live!”
9God said to Jonah, “Are you really so very angry about the little plant?” And he said, “I am as angry as I could possibly be!”
10The Lord said, “You were upset about this little plant, something for which you did not work, nor did you do anything to make it grow. It grew up overnight and died the next day.
11Should I not be more concerned about Nineveh, this enormous city? There are more than 120,000 people in it who do not know right from wrong, as well as many animals.”
1But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was angry.
2He prayed to Yahweh, and said, “Please, Yahweh, wasn’t this what I said when I was still in my own country? Therefore I hurried to flee to Tarshish, for I knew that you are a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, and you relent of doing harm.
3Therefore now, Yahweh, take, I beg you, my life from me; for it is better for me to die than to live.”
4Yahweh said, “Is it right for you to be angry?”
5Then Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there made himself a booth, and sat under it in the shade, until he might see what would become of the city.
6Yahweh God prepared a vine, and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shade over his head, to deliver him from his discomfort. So Jonah was exceedingly glad because of the vine.
7But God prepared a worm at dawn the next day, and it chewed on the vine, so that it withered.
8When the sun arose, God prepared a sultry east wind; and the sun beat on Jonah’s head, so that he fainted, and requested for himself that he might die, and said, “It is better for me to die than to live.”
9God said to Jonah, “Is it right for you to be angry about the vine?” He said, “I am right to be angry, even to death.”
10Yahweh said, “You have been concerned for the vine, for which you have not labored, neither made it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night.
11Shouldn’t I be concerned for Nineveh, that great city, in which are more than one hundred twenty thousand persons who can’t discern between their right hand and their left hand; and also much livestock?”
Summary
Jonah is angry that God showed mercy to Nineveh, and God uses a plant, a worm, and a scorching wind to teach Jonah about compassion — should not God pity a city of 120,000 who cannot tell their right hand from their left?
Authorship & Background
- Jonah's Anger: "I Knew You Were Merciful!" (vv.1-4)
- Jonah Watches and Waits (v.5)
- The Object Lesson: Gourd, Worm, and Wind (vv.6-8)
- God's Final Question: Should I Not Spare Nineveh? (vv.9-11)
Map & Geography
- Joppa (modern Jaffa/Tel Aviv) — Mediterranean port city where Jonah boards a ship fleeing God's call.
- Tarshish (likely Tartessus in modern Spain) — the farthest west one could sail; the exact OPPOSITE direction from Nineveh.
- Nineveh (modern Mosul, Iraq) — capital of the Assyrian Empire, located on the Tigris River, approximately 500 miles northeast of Israel.
Videos
The Bible Project — Jonah Overview (Video)
Animated overview of the book of Jonah showing the literary structure, key themes, and how this book fits into the larger biblical narrative. Excellent visual introduction.
Reflection
- 1. You can have correct theology and wrong compassion (v.2). Jonah KNOWS God is merciful — and RESENTS it. Theological accuracy without love is demonic (James 2:19 — "the devils also believe, and tremble"). Check: does your theology produce compassion or contempt for others?
- 2. "Doest thou well to be angry?" (v.4). God's question to every resentful believer: Is your anger GOOD? Is it SERVING you? Is it RIGHTEOUS? Or is it the self-centered anger of someone who can't stand God being generous to others? (Cf. the workers in Matthew 20:1-16.)
- 3. You grieve a plant more than people (vv.10-11). We mourn lost COMFORT (the gourd) more than lost SOULS. Our convenience means more to us than others' eternity. God's question forces the comparison: you cared about a plant — shouldn't I care about 120,000 people?
- 4. The book ends with a QUESTION (v.11). No resolution. No answer from Jonah. The question is left for YOU. Should God spare those you consider unworthy? Should mercy extend to your enemies? What is your answer?
- 5. God is more concerned about people than you are (v.11). Even "much cattle" — God's compassion extends to animals. His mercy is wider, deeper, more generous than yours will ever be. Stop trying to limit it.