Micah — Chapter 6

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1Hear ye now what the LORD saith; Arise, contend thou before the mountains, and let the hills hear thy voice.

2Hear ye, O mountains, the LORD’S controversy, and ye strong foundations of the earth: for the LORD hath a controversy with his people, and he will plead with Israel.

3O my people, what have I done unto thee? and wherein have I wearied thee? testify against me.

4For I brought thee up out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed thee out of the house of servants; and I sent before thee Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.

5O my people, remember now what Balak king of Moab consulted, and what Balaam the son of Beor answered him from Shittim unto Gilgal; that ye may know the righteousness of the LORD.

6Wherewith shall I come before the LORD, and bow myself before the high God? shall I come before him with burnt offerings, with calves of a year old?

7Will the LORD be pleased with thousands of rams, or with ten thousands of rivers of oil? shall I give my firstborn for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?

8He hath shewed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the LORD require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?

9The LORD’S voice crieth unto the city, and the man of wisdom shall see thy name: hear ye the rod, and who hath appointed it.

10Are there yet the treasures of wickedness in the house of the wicked, and the scant measure that is abominable?

11Shall I count them pure with the wicked balances, and with the bag of deceitful weights?

12For the rich men thereof are full of violence, and the inhabitants thereof have spoken lies, and their tongue is deceitful in their mouth.

13Therefore also will I make thee sick in smiting thee, in making thee desolate because of thy sins.

14Thou shalt eat, but not be satisfied; and thy casting down shall be in the midst of thee; and thou shalt take hold, but shalt not deliver; and that which thou deliverest will I give up to the sword.

15Thou shalt sow, but thou shalt not reap; thou shalt tread the olives, but thou shalt not anoint thee with oil; and sweet wine, but shalt not drink wine.

16For the statutes of Omri are kept, and all the works of the house of Ahab, and ye walk in their counsels; that I should make thee a desolation, and the inhabitants thereof an hissing: therefore ye shall bear the reproach of my people.

1Hear ye now what Jehovah saith: Arise, contend thou before the mountains, and let the hills hear thy voice.

2Hear, O ye mountains, Jehovah`s controversy, and ye enduring foundations of the earth; for Jehovah hath a controversy with his people, and he will contend with Israel.

3O my people, what have I done unto thee? and wherein have I wearied thee? testify against me.

4For I brought thee up out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed thee out of the house of bondage; and I sent before thee Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.

5O my people, remember now what Balak king of Moab devised, and what Balaam the son of Beor answered him; [remember] from Shittim unto Gilgal, that ye may know the righteous acts of Jehovah.

6Wherewith shall I come before Jehovah, and bow myself before the high God? shall I come before him with burnt-offerings, with calves a year old?

7will Jehovah be pleased with thousands of rams, [or] with ten thousands of rivers of oil? shall I give my first-born for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?

8He hath showed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth Jehovah require of thee, but to do justly, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with thy God?

9The voice of Jehovah crieth unto the city, and [the man of] wisdom will see thy name: hear ye the rod, and who hath appointed it.

10Are there yet treasures of wickedness in the house of the wicked, and a scant measure that is abominable?

11Shall I be pure with wicked balances, and with a bag of deceitful weights?

12For the rich men thereof are full of violence, and the inhabitants thereof have spoken lies, and their tongue is deceitful in their mouth.

13Therefore I also have smitten thee with a grievous wound; I have made thee desolate because of thy sins.

14Thou shalt eat, but not be satisfied; and thy humiliation shall be in the midst of thee: and thou shalt put away, but shalt not save; and that which thou savest will I give up to the sword.

15Thou shalt sow, but shalt not reap; thou shalt tread the olives, but shalt not anoint thee with oil; and the vintage, but shalt not drink the wine.

16For the statutes of Omri are kept, and all the works of the house of Ahab, and ye walk in their counsels; that I may make thee a desolation, and the inhabitants thereof a hissing: and ye shall bear the reproach of my people.

1Listen to what the Lord says: “Get up! Defend yourself before the mountains. Present your case before the hills.”

2Hear the Lord’s accusation, you mountains, you enduring foundations of the earth. For the Lord has a case against his people; he has a dispute with Israel!

3“My people, how have I wronged you? How have I wearied you? Answer me!

4In fact, I brought you up from the land of Egypt; I delivered you from that place of slavery. I sent Moses, Aaron, and Miriam to lead you.

5My people, recall how King Balak of Moab planned to harm you, how Balaam son of Beor responded to him. Recall how you journeyed from Shittim to Gilgal, so you might acknowledge that the Lord has treated you fairly.”

6With what should I enter the Lord’s presence? With what should I bow before the sovereign God? Should I enter his presence with burnt offerings, with year-old calves?

7Will the Lord accept a thousand rams or ten thousand streams of olive oil? Should I give him my firstborn child as payment for my rebellion, my offspring—my own flesh and blood—for my sin?

8He has told you, O man, what is good, and what the Lord really wants from you: He wants you to carry out justice, to love faithfulness, and to live obediently before your God.

9Listen! The Lord is calling to the city! It is wise to respect your authority, O Lord. Listen, O nation, and those assembled in the city!

10“I will not overlook, O sinful house, the dishonest gain you have hoarded away or the smaller-than-standard measure I hate so much.

11I do not condone the use of rigged scales or a bag of deceptive weights.

12The city’s wealthy people readily resort to violence; her inhabitants tell lies; their tongues speak deceptive words.

13I will strike you brutally and destroy you because of your sin.

14You will eat, but not be satisfied. Even if you have the strength to overtake some prey, you will not be able to carry it away; if you do happen to carry away something, I will deliver it over to the sword.

15You will plant crops, but will not harvest them; you will squeeze oil from the olives, but you will have no oil to rub on your bodies; you will squeeze juice from the grapes, but you will have no wine to drink.

16You follow Omri’s edicts and all the practices of Ahab’s dynasty; you follow their policies. Therefore I will make you an appalling sight; the city’s inhabitants will be taunted derisively, and nations will mock all of you.”

1Listen now to what Yahweh says: “Arise, plead your case before the mountains, and let the hills hear what you have to say.

2Hear, you mountains, Yahweh’s controversy, and you enduring foundations of the earth; for Yahweh has a controversy with his people, and he will contend with Israel.

3My people, what have I done to you? How have I burdened you? Answer me!

4For I brought you up out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed you out of the house of bondage. I sent before you Moses, Aaron, and Miriam.

5My people, remember now what Balak king of Moab devised, and what Balaam the son of Beor answered him from Shittim to Gilgal, that you may know the righteous acts of Yahweh.”

6How shall I come before Yahweh, and bow myself before the exalted God? Shall I come before him with burnt offerings, with calves a year old?

7Will Yahweh be pleased with thousands of rams? With tens of thousands of rivers of oil? Shall I give my firstborn for my disobedience? The fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?

8He has shown you, O man, what is good. What does Yahweh require of you, but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?

9Yahweh’s voice calls to the city, and wisdom sees your name: “Listen to the rod, and he who appointed it.

10Are there yet treasures of wickedness in the house of the wicked, and a short ephah that is accursed?

11Shall I be pure with dishonest scales, and with a bag of deceitful weights?

12Her rich men are full of violence, her inhabitants speak lies, and their tongue is deceitful in their speech.

13Therefore I also have struck you with a grievous wound. I have made you desolate because of your sins.

14You shall eat, but not be satisfied. Your humiliation will be within you. You will store up, but not save; and that which you save I will give up to the sword.

15You will sow, but won’t reap. You will tread the olives, but won’t anoint yourself with oil; and crush grapes, but won’t drink the wine.

16For the statutes of Omri are kept, and all the works of Ahab’s house. You walk in their counsels, that I may make you a ruin, and her inhabitants a hissing; And you will bear the reproach of my people.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Videos
Reflection

Summary

God brings a covenant lawsuit against Israel, asking what He has done to weary them, and declares what He truly requires: "to do justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with your God."

Authorship & Background

Author: Micah of Moresheth. Prophesied approximately 735-700 BC to both Israel and Judah. Contemporary with Isaiah. Key theme: social justice, true religion, and Messianic hope. Famous verses: 'But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah... out of thee shall he come forth' (5:2) and 'What doth the LORD require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?' (6:8).
Classification: Covenant Lawsuit — God's Case Against His People Key Themes: God's controversy with Israel, true vs. false worship, the requirements of God, social corruption, futility curses, what God truly desires
Historical Context: Chapter 6 employs the literary form of a "covenant lawsuit" (Hebrew: rib)—a legal proceeding in which God brings His case against His covenant people. The mountains and foundations of the earth are summoned as witnesses (vv. 1-2), echoing the ancient Near Eastern practice of calling cosmic witnesses to treaty violations. This is not God as distant judge but as grieved covenant partner asking, "What have I done to you?"
God rehearses His saving acts—the exodus, the gift of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam, and the deliverance from Balak and Balaam (vv. 3-5). Against this backdrop of relentless grace, the people's unfaithfulness becomes inexcusable. The people then ask what they should bring to appease God—escalating from burnt offerings to thousands of rams to rivers of oil to even their firstborn children (vv. 6-7).
The answer comes in verse 8—one of the most famous and beloved verses in the entire Old Testament. God does not want more elaborate rituals or extreme sacrifices. He requires justice in dealings with others, mercy (hesed—covenant love) as a way of life, and humble walk with Him. This is the essence of true religion, stripped of all pretense and performance.
Structure:
  • The covenant lawsuit summoned (vv. 1-2)
  • God's case: remembering His gracious acts (vv. 3-5)
  • The people's question: what does God want? (vv. 6-7)
  • THE ANSWER: What the LORD requires (v. 8)
  • Indictment of commercial dishonesty and violence (vv. 9-12)
  • The sentence: futility curses (vv. 13-16)

Map & Geography

  • Egypt (v.4): Land to the southwest; place of Israel's bondage and exodus.
  • Moab (v.5): Land east of the Dead Sea; often in conflict with Israel.

Videos

The Bible Project — Micah Overview (Video)

Animated overview of the book of Micah showing the literary structure, key themes, and how this book fits into the larger biblical narrative. Excellent visual introduction.

Reflection

  • 1. God's question "What have I done unto thee?" invites personal inventory. When we drift from God, it is never because He has failed us. Take time to rehearse God's faithfulness in your own life—His "exodus moments" of deliverance and provision.
  • 2. We often make the same mistake as Israel in vv. 6-7—assuming God wants more activity, more programs, more religious performance. But God's requirements are relational and ethical, not ritualistic. He wants who you are, not just what you do.
  • 3. Micah 6:8 is a daily checklist for the Christian life: Am I dealing justly with others today? Am I choosing mercy when I could choose harshness? Am I walking attentively with God rather than rushing ahead on my own?
  • 4. The connection between worship and ethics is inseparable. Verses 6-8 (what God requires in worship) flow directly into verses 9-12 (how they cheat in business). You cannot separate Sunday worship from Monday conduct. Integrity means integration—the same person in every setting.
  • 5. "He hath shewed thee" — God's requirements are not hidden or mysterious. He has already revealed what He wants. The problem is never lack of information but lack of obedience. What has God clearly shown you that you are hesitating to do?