Proverbs — Chapter 20

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1Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.

2The fear of a king is as the roaring of a lion: whoso provoketh him to anger sinneth against his own soul.

3It is an honour for a man to cease from strife: but every fool will be meddling.

4The sluggard will not plow by reason of the cold; therefore shall he beg in harvest, and have nothing.

5Counsel in the heart of man is like deep water; but a man of understanding will draw it out.

6Most men will proclaim every one his own goodness: but a faithful man who can find?

7The just man walketh in his integrity: his children are blessed after him.

8A king that sitteth in the throne of judgment scattereth away all evil with his eyes.

9Who can say, I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin?

10Divers weights, and divers measures, both of them are alike abomination to the LORD.

11Even a child is known by his doings, whether his work be pure, and whether it be right.

12The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, the LORD hath made even both of them.

13Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty; open thine eyes, and thou shalt be satisfied with bread.

14It is naught, it is naught, saith the buyer: but when he is gone his way, then he boasteth.

15There is gold, and a multitude of rubies: but the lips of knowledge are a precious jewel.

16Take his garment that is surety for a stranger: and take a pledge of him for a strange woman.

17Bread of deceit is sweet to a man; but afterwards his mouth shall be filled with gravel.

18Every purpose is established by counsel: and with good advice make war.

19He that goeth about as a talebearer revealeth secrets: therefore meddle not with him that flattereth with his lips.

20Whoso curseth his father or his mother, his lamp shall be put out in obscure darkness.

21An inheritance may be gotten hastily at the beginning; but the end thereof shall not be blessed.

22Say not thou, I will recompense evil; but wait on the LORD, and he shall save thee.

23Divers weights are an abomination unto the LORD; and a false balance is not good.

24Man’s goings are of the LORD; how can a man then understand his own way?

25It is a snare to the man who devoureth that which is holy, and after vows to make enquiry.

26A wise king scattereth the wicked, and bringeth the wheel over them.

27The spirit of man is the candle of the LORD, searching all the inward parts of the belly.

28Mercy and truth preserve the king: and his throne is upholden by mercy.

29The glory of young men is their strength: and the beauty of old men is the grey head.

30The blueness of a wound cleanseth away evil: so do stripes the inward parts of the belly.

1Wine is a mocker, strong drink a brawler; And whosoever erreth thereby is not wise.

2The terror of a king is as the roaring of a lion: He that provoketh him to anger sinneth [against] his own life.

3It is an honor for a man to keep aloof from strife; But every fool will be quarrelling.

4The sluggard will not plow by reason of the winter; Therefore he shall beg in harvest, and have nothing.

5Counsel in the heart of man is [like] deep water; But a man of understanding will draw it out.

6Most men will proclaim every one his own kindness; But a faithful man who can find?

7A righteous man that walketh in his integrity, Blessed are his children after him.

8A king that sitteth on the throne of judgment Scattereth away all evil with his eyes.

9Who can say, I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin?

10Diverse weights, and diverse measures, Both of them alike are an abomination to Jehovah.

11Even a child maketh himself known by his doings, Whether his work be pure, and whether it be right.

12The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, Jehovah hath made even both of them.

13Love not sleep, let thou come to poverty; Open thine eyes, [and] thou shalt be satisfied with bread.

14It is bad, it is bad, saith the buyer; But when he is gone his way, then he boasteth.

15There is gold, and abundance of rubies; But the lips of knowledge are a precious jewel.

16Take his garment that is surety for a stranger; And hold him in pledge [that is surety] for foreigners.

17Bread of falsehood is sweet to a man; But afterwards his mouth shall be filled with gravel.

18Every purpose is established by counsel; And by wise guidance make thou war.

19He that goeth about as a tale-bearer revealeth secrets; Therefore company not with him that openeth wide his lips.

20Whoso curseth his father or his mother, His lamp shall be put out in blackness of darkness.

21An inheritance [may be] gotten hastily at the beginning; But the end thereof shall not be blessed.

22Say not thou, I will recompense evil: Wait for Jehovah, and he will save thee.

23Diverse weights are an abomination to Jehovah; And a false balance is not good.

24A man`s goings are of Jehovah; How then can man understand his way?

25It is a snare to a man rashly to say, [It is] holy, And after vows to make inquiry.

26A wise king winnoweth the wicked, And bringeth the [threshing] -wheel over them.

27The spirit of man is the lamp of Jehovah, Searching all his innermost parts.

28Kindness and truth preserve the king; And his throne is upholden by kindness.

29The glory of young men is their strength; And the beauty of old men is the hoary head.

30Stripes that wound cleanse away evil; And strokes [reach] the innermost parts.

1Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler; whoever goes astray by them is not wise.

2The king’s terrifying anger is like the roar of a lion; whoever provokes him sins against himself.

3It is an honor for a person to cease from strife, but every fool quarrels.

4The sluggard will not plow during the planting season, so at harvest time he asks for grain but has nothing.

5Counsel in a person’s heart is like deep water, but an understanding person draws it out.

6Many people profess their loyalty, but a faithful person—who can find?

7The righteous person behaves in integrity; blessed are his children after him.

8A king sitting on the throne to judge separates out all evil with his eyes.

9Who can say, “I have kept my heart clean; I am pure from my sin”?

10Diverse weights and diverse measures— the Lord abhors both of them.

11Even a young man is known by his actions, whether his activity is pure and whether it is right.

12The ear that hears and the eye that sees— the Lord has made them both.

13Do not love sleep, lest you become impoverished; open your eyes so that you might be satisfied with food.

14“It’s worthless! It’s worthless!” says the buyer, but when he goes on his way, he boasts.

15There is gold and an abundance of rubies, but words of knowledge are like a precious jewel.

16Take a man’s garment when he has given security for a stranger, and hold him in pledge on behalf of strangers.

17Bread gained by deceit tastes sweet to a person, but afterward his mouth will be filled with gravel.

18Plans are established by counsel, so make war with guidance.

19The one who goes about gossiping reveals secrets; therefore do not associate with someone who is always opening his mouth.

20The one who curses his father and his mother, his lamp will be extinguished in the blackest darkness.

21An inheritance gained easily in the beginning will not be blessed in the end.

22Do not say, “I will pay back evil!” Wait for the Lord, so that he may vindicate you.

23The Lord abhors differing weights, and dishonest scales are wicked.

24The steps of a person are ordained by the Lord— so how can anyone understand his own way?

25It is a snare for a person to rashly cry, “Holy!” and only afterward to consider what he has vowed.

26A wise king separates out the wicked; he turns the threshing wheel over them.

27The human spirit is like the lamp of the Lord, searching all his innermost parts.

28Loyal love and truth preserve a king, and his throne is upheld by loyal love.

29The glory of young men is their strength, and the splendor of old men is gray hair.

30Beatings and wounds cleanse away evil, and floggings cleanse the innermost being.

1Wine is a mocker, and beer is a brawler. Whoever is led astray by them is not wise.

2The terror of a king is like the roaring of a lion. He who provokes him to anger forfeits his own life.

3It is an honor for a man to keep aloof from strife; but every fool will be quarreling.

4The sluggard will not plow by reason of the winter; therefore he shall beg in harvest, and have nothing.

5Counsel in the heart of man is like deep water; but a man of understanding will draw it out.

6Many men claim to be men of unfailing love, but who can find a faithful man?

7A righteous man walks in integrity. Blessed are his children after him.

8A king who sits on the throne of judgment scatters away all evil with his eyes.

9Who can say, “I have made my heart pure. I am clean and without sin?”

10Differing weights and differing measures, both of them alike are an abomination to Yahweh.

11Even a child makes himself known by his doings, whether his work is pure, and whether it is right.

12The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, Yahweh has made even both of them.

13Don’t love sleep, lest you come to poverty. Open your eyes, and you shall be satisfied with bread.

14“It’s no good, it’s no good,” says the buyer; but when he is gone his way, then he boasts.

15There is gold and abundance of rubies; but the lips of knowledge are a rare jewel.

16Take the garment of one who puts up collateral for a stranger; and hold him in pledge for a wayward woman.

17Fraudulent food is sweet to a man, but afterwards his mouth is filled with gravel.

18Plans are established by advice; by wise guidance you wage war!

19He who goes about as a tale-bearer reveals secrets; therefore don’t keep company with him who opens wide his lips.

20Whoever curses his father or his mother, his lamp shall be put out in blackness of darkness.

21An inheritance quickly gained at the beginning, won’t be blessed in the end.

22Don’t say, “I will pay back evil.” Wait for Yahweh, and he will save you.

23Yahweh detests differing weights, and dishonest scales are not pleasing.

24A man’s steps are from Yahweh; how then can man understand his way?

25It is a snare to a man to make a rash dedication, then later to consider his vows.

26A wise king winnows out the wicked, and drives the threshing wheel over them.

27The spirit of man is Yahweh’s lamp, searching all his innermost parts.

28Love and faithfulness keep the king safe. His throne is sustained by love.

29The glory of young men is their strength. The splendor of old men is their gray hair.

30Wounding blows cleanse away evil, and beatings purge the innermost parts.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Proverbs on wine, the king, and human nature — wine is a mocker, it is an honor to avoid strife, the spirit of man is the lamp of the LORD, and diverse weights and measures are both an abomination.

Authorship & Background

Author: Primarily Solomon (1:1, 10:1, 25:1), with sections by Agur (ch.30) and King Lemuel (ch.31). Compiled over several centuries. Proverbs is wisdom literature — practical instruction for godly living. Hebrew title: 'Mishlei' — 'Proverbs/Comparisons.' Key themes: the fear of the LORD as the beginning of wisdom (1:7, 9:10), the two paths (wisdom vs. folly), the personification of Wisdom (chs.1-9), and practical guidance for every area of life — speech, money, work, relationships, leadership, and character.
Historical Context: Chapter 20 opens with one of the strongest warnings about alcohol in Proverbs (v.1) and contains the haunting question "Who can say, I have made my heart clean?" (v.9). The chapter addresses kingship (vv.2, 8, 26, 28), God's sovereignty (vv.12, 24), the problem of human sinfulness (v.9), the sluggard (v.4), dishonest commerce (vv.10, 14, 23), and vengeance belonging to God (v.22). Verse 6 acknowledges the rarity of true faithfulness.
Dominant Themes:
  • The Danger of Alcohol (v.1)
  • Universal Sinfulness (v.9)
  • God's Sovereignty Over Man's Steps (v.24)
  • Kingship and Justice (vv.2, 8, 26, 28)
  • Vengeance Belongs to God (v.22)
  • Laziness and Excuses (v.4)

Map & Geography

  • No specific geographic locations are referenced in this chapter.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik notes that v.1 personifies alcohol as a dangerous companion: "Wine mocks those who trust it; strong drink starts fights with those who rely on it." He emphasizes v.9's honesty: no human can claim moral purity. This drives us to grace. On v.22, Guzik states that personal vengeance is always premature — God's timing and methods are superior to ours.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "Who can say, I have made my heart clean? Not one of us. If a man says he has made his heart clean, he proves by that very claim that it is not clean — for self-righteousness is itself a stain. Only the blood of Christ cleanses the heart. Only God's grace purifies from within. This is not despair but the beginning of hope — for what we cannot do, Christ has done."

Reflection

  • 1. Alcohol deceives (v.1). Don't be naive about its power. It promises relaxation and delivers bondage. It promises confidence and delivers foolishness. If you drink, do so with extreme caution. If it has already deceived you, acknowledge that you are not wise in this area and seek help.
  • 2. No one is pure (v.9). Stop pretending. The sooner you acknowledge your sinfulness, the sooner you can receive grace. Self- righteousness is the ultimate self-deception. Run to Christ who alone can make the heart clean.
  • 3. Don't avenge yourself (v.22). "Wait on the LORD." Your desire for revenge is understandable but prohibited. God will handle justice better than you ever could. Your job is to wait. His job is to save and vindicate.
  • 4. The sluggard always has an excuse (v.4). "Too cold." There's always a reason not to work, not to start, not to act. Ignore the excuses and plow. The harvest doesn't care about your reasons — it only cares whether you planted.
  • 5. True faithfulness is rare (v.6). Don't just proclaim your goodness — demonstrate it. Reliability is measured by actions over time, not by self-promotion. Be the rare person whose character matches their claims.