Proverbs — Chapter 21

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1The king’s heart is in the hand of the LORD, as the rivers of water: he turneth it whithersoever he will.

2Every way of a man is right in his own eyes: but the LORD pondereth the hearts.

3To do justice and judgment is more acceptable to the LORD than sacrifice.

4An high look, and a proud heart, and the plowing of the wicked, is sin.

5The thoughts of the diligent tend only to plenteousness; but of every one that is hasty only to want.

6The getting of treasures by a lying tongue is a vanity tossed to and fro of them that seek death.

7The robbery of the wicked shall destroy them; because they refuse to do judgment.

8The way of man is froward and strange: but as for the pure, his work is right.

9It is better to dwell in a corner of the housetop, than with a brawling woman in a wide house.

10The soul of the wicked desireth evil: his neighbour findeth no favour in his eyes.

11When the scorner is punished, the simple is made wise: and when the wise is instructed, he receiveth knowledge.

12The righteous man wisely considereth the house of the wicked: but God overthroweth the wicked for their wickedness.

13Whoso stoppeth his ears at the cry of the poor, he also shall cry himself, but shall not be heard.

14A gift in secret pacifieth anger: and a reward in the bosom strong wrath.

15It is joy to the just to do judgment: but destruction shall be to the workers of iniquity.

16The man that wandereth out of the way of understanding shall remain in the congregation of the dead.

17He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: he that loveth wine and oil shall not be rich.

18The wicked shall be a ransom for the righteous, and the transgressor for the upright.

19It is better to dwell in the wilderness, than with a contentious and an angry woman.

20There is treasure to be desired and oil in the dwelling of the wise; but a foolish man spendeth it up.

21He that followeth after righteousness and mercy findeth life, righteousness, and honour.

22A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, and casteth down the strength of the confidence thereof.

23Whoso keepeth his mouth and his tongue keepeth his soul from troubles.

24Proud and haughty scorner is his name, who dealeth in proud wrath.

25The desire of the slothful killeth him; for his hands refuse to labour.

26He coveteth greedily all the day long: but the righteous giveth and spareth not.

27The sacrifice of the wicked is abomination: how much more, when he bringeth it with a wicked mind?

28A false witness shall perish: but the man that heareth speaketh constantly.

29A wicked man hardeneth his face: but as for the upright, he directeth his way.

30There is no wisdom nor understanding nor counsel against the LORD.

31The horse is prepared against the day of battle: but safety is of the LORD.

1The king`s heart is in the hand of Jehovah as the watercourses: He turneth it whithersoever he will.

2Every way of a man is right in his own eyes; But Jehovah weigheth the hearts.

3To do righteousness and justice Is more acceptable to Jehovah than sacrifice.

4A high look, and a proud heart, [Even] the lamp of the wicked, is sin.

5The thoughts of the diligent [tend] only to plenteousness; But every one that is hasty [hasteth] only to want.

6The getting of treasures by a lying tongue Is a vapor driven to and fro by them that seek death.

7The violence of the wicked shall sweep them away, Because they refuse to do justice.

8The way of him that is laden with guilt is exceeding crooked; But as for the pure, his work is right.

9It is better to dwell in the corner of the housetop, Than with a contentious woman in a wide house.

10The soul of the wicked desireth evil: His neighbor findeth no favor in his eyes.

11When the scoffer is punished, the simple is made wise; And when the wise is instructed, he receiveth knowledge.

12The righteous man considereth the house of the wicked, [How] the wicked are overthrown to [their] ruin.

13Whoso stoppeth his ears at the cry of the poor, He also shall cry, but shall not be heard.

14A gift in secret pacifieth anger; And a present in the bosom, strong wrath.

15It is joy to the righteous to do justice; But it is a destruction to the workers of iniquity.

16The man that wandereth out of the way of understanding Shall rest in the assembly of the dead.

17He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man: He that loveth wine and oil shall not be rich.

18The wicked is a ransom for the righteous; And the treacherous [cometh] in the stead of the upright.

19It is better to dwell in a desert land, Than with a contentious and fretful woman.

20There is precious treasure and oil in the dwelling of the wise; But a foolish man swalloweth it up.

21He that followeth after righteousness and kindness Findeth life, righteousness, and honor.

22A wise man scaleth the city of the mighty, And bringeth down the strength of the confidence thereof.

23Whoso keepeth his mouth and his tongue Keepeth his soul from troubles.

24The proud and haughty man, scoffer is his name; He worketh in the arrogance of pride.

25The desire of the sluggard killeth him; For his hands refuse to labor.

26There is that coveteth greedily all the day long; But the righteous giveth and withholdeth not.

27The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination: How much more, when he bringeth it with a wicked mind!

28A false witness shall perish; But the man that heareth shall speak so as to endure.

29A wicked man hardeneth his face; But as for the upright, he establisheth his ways.

30There is no wisdom nor understanding Nor counsel against Jehovah.

31The horse is prepared against the day of battle; But victory is of Jehovah.

1The king’s heart is in the hand of the Lord like channels of water; he turns it wherever he wants.

2All a person’s ways seem right in his own opinion, but the Lord evaluates his thoughts.

3To do righteousness and justice is more acceptable to the Lord than sacrifice.

4Haughty eyes and a proud heart— what the wicked cultivate is sin.

5The plans of the diligent lead only to plenty, but everyone who is hasty comes only to poverty.

6Making a fortune by a lying tongue is like a vapor driven back and forth; they seek death.

7The violence done by the wicked will drag them away because they have refused to do what is right.

8The way of the guilty person is devious, but as for the pure, his way is upright.

9It is better to live on a corner of the housetop than to share a house with a quarrelsome wife.

10The appetite of the wicked has desired evil; his neighbor is shown no favor in his eyes.

11When a scorner is punished, the naive becomes wise; when a wise person is instructed, he gains knowledge.

12The Righteous One considers the house of the wicked; he overthrows the wicked to their ruin.

13The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor, he too will cry out and will not be answered.

14A gift given in secret subdues anger, and a bribe given secretly subdues strong wrath.

15Doing justice brings joy to the righteous and terror to those who do evil.

16The one who wanders from the way of wisdom will end up in the company of the departed.

17The one who loves pleasure will be a poor person; whoever loves wine and anointing oil will not be rich.

18The wicked become a ransom for the righteous, and the treacherous are taken in the place of the upright.

19It is better to live in the wilderness than with a quarrelsome and easily provoked woman.

20There is desirable treasure and olive oil in the dwelling of the wise, but a foolish person devours all he has.

21The one who pursues righteousness and love finds life, bounty, and honor.

22A wise man went up against the city of the mighty and brought down the stronghold in which they trust.

23The one who guards his mouth and his tongue keeps his life from troubles.

24A proud and arrogant person, whose name is “Scoffer,” acts with overbearing pride.

25What the sluggard desires will kill him, for his hands have refused to work.

26All day long he has craved greedily, but the righteous person gives and does not hold back.

27The wicked person’s sacrifice is an abomination; how much more when he brings it with evil intent!

28A lying witness will perish, but the one who reports accurately speaks forever.

29A wicked person has put on a bold face, but as for the upright, he establishes his ways.

30There is no wisdom and there is no understanding, and there is no counsel against the Lord.

31A horse is prepared for the day of battle, but the victory is from the Lord.

1The king’s heart is in Yahweh’s hand like the watercourses. He turns it wherever he desires.

2Every way of a man is right in his own eyes, but Yahweh weighs the hearts.

3To do righteousness and justice is more acceptable to Yahweh than sacrifice.

4A high look, and a proud heart, the lamp of the wicked, is sin.

5The plans of the diligent surely lead to profit; and everyone who is hasty surely rushes to poverty.

6Getting treasures by a lying tongue is a fleeting vapor for those who seek death.

7The violence of the wicked will drive them away, because they refuse to do what is right.

8The way of the guilty is devious, but the conduct of the innocent is upright.

9It is better to dwell in the corner of the housetop, than to share a house with a contentious woman.

10The soul of the wicked desires evil; his neighbor finds no mercy in his eyes.

11When the mocker is punished, the simple gains wisdom. When the wise is instructed, he receives knowledge.

12The Righteous One considers the house of the wicked, and brings the wicked to ruin.

13Whoever stops his ears at the cry of the poor, he will also cry out, but shall not be heard.

14A gift in secret pacifies anger; and a bribe in the cloak, strong wrath.

15It is joy to the righteous to do justice; but it is a destruction to the workers of iniquity.

16The man who wanders out of the way of understanding shall rest in the assembly of the departed spirits.

17He who loves pleasure shall be a poor man. He who loves wine and oil shall not be rich.

18The wicked is a ransom for the righteous; the treacherous for the upright.

19It is better to dwell in a desert land, than with a contentious and fretful woman.

20There is precious treasure and oil in the dwelling of the wise; but a foolish man swallows it up.

21He who follows after righteousness and kindness finds life, righteousness, and honor.

22A wise man scales the city of the mighty, and brings down the strength of its confidence.

23Whoever guards his mouth and his tongue keeps his soul from troubles.

24The proud and haughty man, “scoffer” is his name; he works in the arrogance of pride.

25The desire of the sluggard kills him, for his hands refuse to labor.

26There are those who covet greedily all day long; but the righteous give and don’t withhold.

27The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination; how much more, when he brings it with a wicked mind!

28A false witness will perish, and a man who listens speaks to eternity.

29A wicked man hardens his face; but as for the upright, he establishes his ways.

30There is no wisdom nor understanding nor counsel against Yahweh.

31The horse is prepared for the day of battle; but victory is with Yahweh.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Proverbs on God's sovereignty over human plans — the king's heart is in the LORD's hand, every way of a man is right in his own eyes but the LORD weighs the heart, and there is no wisdom against the LORD.

Authorship & Background

Author: Primarily Solomon (1:1, 10:1, 25:1), with sections by Agur (ch.30) and King Lemuel (ch.31). Compiled over several centuries. Proverbs is wisdom literature — practical instruction for godly living. Hebrew title: 'Mishlei' — 'Proverbs/Comparisons.' Key themes: the fear of the LORD as the beginning of wisdom (1:7, 9:10), the two paths (wisdom vs. folly), the personification of Wisdom (chs.1-9), and practical guidance for every area of life — speech, money, work, relationships, leadership, and character.
Historical Context: Chapter 21 opens and closes with powerful sovereignty statements (vv.1, 30-31): God controls kings' hearts and determines battle outcomes. The chapter addresses God's absolute supremacy over human power, the superiority of justice over ritual sacrifice (v.3), the contentious wife (vv.9, 19), the sluggard's self-destruction (vv.25-26), and the futility of opposing God (v.30). These proverbs consistently redirect confidence from human ability to divine sovereignty.
Dominant Themes:
  • God's Sovereignty Over Human Power (vv.1, 30-31)
  • Justice Over Sacrifice (v.3)
  • The Contentious Woman (vv.9, 19)
  • Laziness and Its Consequences (vv.5, 17, 25-26)
  • No Wisdom Against the LORD (v.30)

Map & Geography

  • No specific geographic locations are referenced in this chapter.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes v.1's stunning claim: God doesn't merely observe kings — He directs them as effortlessly as directing water flow. On v.31, he states the balance perfectly: "Prepare the horse — that's your job. But know that safety is from God — that's His job. Do your part and trust Him with His."
  • Charles Spurgeon: "The horse is prepared against the day of battle: but safety is of the LORD. Prepare your horse — sharpen your sword — drill your army. These are duties, not options. But when the battle rages, know this: your preparation did not win it. Safety is OF THE LORD. The most prepared army without God's favor will fall. The least equipped force with God's favor will triumph. Prepare and pray."

Reflection

  • 1. God controls the most powerful hearts (v.1). If God directs kings, He can certainly direct your circumstances. Trust His sovereignty over politics, economies, and the people who have power over your life. Pray for leaders knowing God can turn their hearts.
  • 2. Justice over religious activity (v.3). Don't substitute church attendance for right living. God is more pleased by how you treat people on Monday than by how loudly you sing on Sunday. Do justice first; then worship.
  • 3. No one can oppose God successfully (v.30). Whatever wisdom, understanding, or counsel is arrayed against God — it WILL fail. This should comfort you (your enemies cannot ultimately succeed against God's purpose for you) and warn you (don't fight against God yourself).
  • 4. Prepare AND depend (v.31). These are not contradictory. Work as if everything depends on your effort. Pray as if everything depends on God. Because both are true simultaneously. Lazy dependence and self-reliant preparation are both incomplete.
  • 5. Mercy must be given to be received (v.13). "Whoso stoppeth his ears at the cry of the poor, he also shall cry himself, but shall not be heard." Your future cry for mercy depends on your present practice of mercy. Show compassion today so that compassion will be shown to you tomorrow.