2 Corinthians — Chapter 3

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1Do we begin again to commend ourselves? or need we, as some others, epistles of commendation to you, or letters of commendation from you?

2Ye are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read of all men:

3Forasmuch as ye are manifestly declared to be the epistle of Christ ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not in tables of stone, but in fleshy tables of the heart.

4And such trust have we through Christ to God-ward:

5Not that we are sufficient of ourselves to think any thing as of ourselves; but our sufficiency is of God;

6Who also hath made us able ministers of the new testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.

7But if the ministration of death, written and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which glory was to be done away:

8How shall not the ministration of the spirit be rather glorious?

9For if the ministration of condemnation be glory, much more doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory.

10For even that which was made glorious had no glory in this respect, by reason of the glory that excelleth.

11For if that which is done away was glorious, much more that which remaineth is glorious.

12Seeing then that we have such hope, we use great plainness of speech:

13And not as Moses, which put a vail over his face, that the children of Israel could not stedfastly look to the end of that which is abolished:

14But their minds were blinded: for until this day remaineth the same vail untaken away in the reading of the old testament; which vail is done away in Christ.

15But even unto this day, when Moses is read, the vail is upon their heart.

16Nevertheless when it shall turn to the Lord, the vail shall be taken away.

17Now the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.

18But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord.

1Are we beginning again to commend ourselves? or need we, as do some, epistles of commendation to you or from you?

2Ye are our epistle, written in our hearts, known and read of all men;

3being made manifest that ye are an epistle of Christ, ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not in tables of stone, but in tables [that are] hearts of flesh.

4And such confidence have we through Christ to God-ward:

5not that we are sufficient of ourselves, to account anything as from ourselves; but our sufficiency is from God;

6who also made us sufficient as ministers of a new covenant; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.

7But if the ministration of death, written, [and] engraven on stones, came with glory, so that the children of Israel could not look stedfastly upon the face of Moses for the glory of his face; which [glory] was passing away:

8how shall not rather the ministration of the spirit be with glory?

9For if the ministration of condemnation hath glory, much rather doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory.

10For verily that which hath been made glorious hath not been made glorious in this respect, by reason of the glory that surpasseth.

11For if that which passeth away [was] with glory, much more that which remaineth [is] in glory.

12Having therefore such a hope, we use great boldness of speech,

13and [are] not as Moses, [who] put a veil upon his face, that the children of Israel should not look stedfastly on the end of that which was passing away:

14but their minds were hardened: for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remaineth, it not being revealed [to them] that it is done away in Christ.

15But unto this day, whensoever Moses is read, a veil lieth upon their heart.

16But whensoever it shall turn to the Lord, the veil is taken away.

17Now the Lord is the Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, [there] is liberty.

18But we all, with unveiled face beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from the Lord the Spirit.

1Are we beginning to commend ourselves again? We don’t need letters of recommendation to you or from you as some other people do, do we?

2You yourselves are our letter, written on our hearts, known and read by everyone,

3revealing that you are a letter of Christ, delivered by us, written not with ink but by the Spirit of the living God, not on stone tablets but on tablets of human hearts.

4Now we have such confidence in God through Christ.

5Not that we are adequate in ourselves to consider anything as if it were coming from ourselves, but our adequacy is from God,

6who made us adequate to be servants of a new covenant not based on the letter but on the Spirit, for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.

7But if the ministry that produced death—carved in letters on stone tablets—came with glory, so that the Israelites could not keep their eyes fixed on the face of Moses because of the glory of his face (a glory which was made ineffective),

8how much more glorious will the ministry of the Spirit be?

9For if there was glory in the ministry that produced condemnation, how much more does the ministry that produces righteousness excel in glory!

10For indeed, what had been glorious now has no glory because of the tremendously greater glory of what replaced it.

11For if what was made ineffective came with glory, how much more has what remains come in glory!

12Therefore, since we have such a hope, we behave with great boldness,

13and not like Moses who used to put a veil over his face to keep the Israelites from staring at the result of the glory that was made ineffective.

14But their minds were closed. For to this very day, the same veil remains when they hear the old covenant read. It has not been removed because only in Christ is it taken away.

15But until this very day whenever Moses is read, a veil lies over their minds,

16but when one turns to the Lord, the veil is removed.

17Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is present, there is freedom.

18And we all, with unveiled faces reflecting the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from one degree of glory to another, which is from the Lord, who is the Spirit.

1Are we beginning again to commend ourselves? Or do we need, as do some, letters of commendation to you or from you?

2You are our letter, written in our hearts, known and read by all men;

3being revealed that you are a letter of Christ, served by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not in tablets of stone, but in tablets that are hearts of flesh.

4Such confidence we have through Christ toward God;

5not that we are sufficient of ourselves, to account anything as from ourselves; but our sufficiency is from God;

6who also made us sufficient as servants of a new covenant; not of the letter, but of the Spirit. For the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.

7But if the service of death, written engraved on stones, came with glory, so that the children of Israel could not look steadfastly on the face of Moses for the glory of his face, which was passing away;

8won’t service of the Spirit be with much more glory?

9For if the service of condemnation has glory, the service of righteousness exceeds much more in glory.

10For most certainly that which has been made glorious has not been made glorious in this respect, by reason of the glory that surpasses.

11For if that which passes away was with glory, much more that which remains is in glory.

12Having therefore such a hope, we use great boldness of speech,

13and not as Moses, who put a veil on his face, that the children of Israel wouldn’t look steadfastly on the end of that which was passing away.

14But their minds were hardened, for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remains, because in Christ it passes away.

15But to this day, when Moses is read, a veil lies on their heart.

16But whenever one turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away.

17Now the Lord is the Spirit and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.

18But we all, with unveiled face seeing the glory of the Lord as in a mirror, are transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from the Lord, the Spirit.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Paul contrasts the old covenant of the letter (which kills) with the new covenant of the Spirit (which gives life) — the ministry of Moses brought fading glory, but the ministry of the Spirit brings surpassing, unfading glory as we are transformed from glory to glory.

Authorship & Background

Author: Paul (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 3 contrasts the old covenant (Law/Moses) with the new covenant (Spirit/Christ). False teachers in Corinth carried "letters of commendation" — Paul says the Corinthians themselves are his letter, "written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God" (v.3). The chapter builds to one of the most glorious statements about transformation in the NT (v.18).
Letters of Commendation (vv.1-3): Paul doesn't need paper credentials — the Corinthians' transformed lives are his recommendation letter. "Ye are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read of all men" (v.2). Changed lives are the best evidence of genuine ministry.
Old Covenant vs. New Covenant (vv.6-11): The old covenant (Law) was glorious but brought death and condemnation (vv.7,9). The new covenant (Spirit) is MORE glorious because it brings life and righteousness (vv.8-9). If the fading glory was impressive, how much more the permanent glory?
The Veil Removed (vv.12-18): Moses veiled his face because the glory was fading (v.13). Israel's hearts are still veiled when they read the OT (v.15). But "when it shall turn to the Lord, the vail shall be taken away" (v.16). For believers: "with open face beholding... the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory" (v.18).

Map & Geography

  • No specific geographic locations are referenced in this chapter.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the living letter, the old/new covenant contrast, the veil metaphor, and the progressive transformation of v.18.
  • Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "Changed from Glory to Glory" on v.18 (MTP Vol. 10, No. 661) "Changed into the same image from glory to glory — that is sanctification. Not instant perfection but progressive transformation. You behold Christ's glory — in Scripture, in worship, in prayer — and as you behold, you become. You are changed into what you gaze upon. Look at Christ and you become like Christ." Sermon: "Where the Spirit Is, There Is Liberty" on v.17 (MTP Vol. 22) "Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty — not license, not lawlessness — liberty. Freedom from the law's condemnation. Freedom from sin's dominion. Freedom from fear. Freedom to love, to serve, to worship without a veil."

Videos

The Bible Project — 2 Corinthians Overview

Animated overview of the book's literary structure, themes, and theological message. Excellent visual introduction. (Approx. 8 minutes)

Reflection

  • 1. "Ye are our epistle... known and read of all men" (v.2). Your life is a letter that people read. What does your "letter" say about Christ? If someone read your life, would they see the Gospel?
  • 2. "Our sufficiency is of God" (v.5). You are not sufficient in yourself for anything spiritual. All sufficiency comes from God. Where are you trying to be sufficient on your own? Release it to God.
  • 3. "Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty" (v.17). The Spirit produces freedom — from condemnation, from legalism, from fear. Are you experiencing the Spirit's liberty, or are you still living under bondage?
  • 4. "Changed into the same image from glory to glory" (v.18). Transformation happens by beholding — you become what you gaze upon. How much time do you spend beholding Christ's glory in Scripture, prayer, and worship? That is the mechanism of change.
  • 5. Paul says changed lives are better credentials than paper letters (vv.1-3). What evidence of transformation in your life validates the Gospel? What would people point to as proof that Christ is real?
  • 6. "The letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life" (v.6). The Law condemns; the Spirit transforms. Are you living under the Law's condemnation or in the Spirit's life? What's the difference in daily experience?
  • 7. Israel's hearts are veiled when reading the OT (v.15) — they can't see Christ in it. But "when it shall turn to the Lord, the vail shall be taken away" (v.16). How do you read the OT — with or without the veil? Do you see Christ in every page?
  • 8. "From glory to glory" (v.18) — transformation is progressive. You are not where you were, and you're not yet where you'll be. How have you changed in the last year? What is the next "glory" God is working toward in you?
  • 9. You become what you behold (v.18). If you spend your time gazing at the world's values, you'll be conformed to the world. If you gaze at Christ's glory, you'll be transformed into His image. What are you beholding most?