2 Corinthians — Chapter 3

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1Are we beginning to commend ourselves again? Or do we need, like some people, letters of recommendation to you or from you?

2You yourselves are our letter, inscribed on our hearts, known and read by everyone.

3It is clear that you are a letter from Christ, the result of our ministry, written not with ink but with the Spirit of the living God, not on tablets of stone but on tablets of human hearts.

4Such confidence before God is ours through Christ.

5Not that we are competent in ourselves to claim that anything comes from us, but our competence comes from God.

6And He has qualified us as ministers of a new covenant, not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.

7Now if the ministry of death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with such glory that the Israelites could not gaze at the face of Moses because of its fleeting glory,

8will not the ministry of the Spirit be even more glorious?

9For if the ministry of condemnation was glorious, how much more glorious is the ministry of righteousness!

10Indeed, what was once glorious has no glory now in comparison to the glory that surpasses it.

11For if what was fading away came with glory, how much greater is the glory of that which endures!

12Therefore, since we have such a hope, we are very bold.

13We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face to keep the Israelites from gazing at the end of what was fading away.

14But their minds were closed. For to this day the same veil remains at the reading of the old covenant. It has not been lifted, because only in Christ can it be removed.

15And even to this day when Moses is read, a veil covers their hearts.

16But whenever anyone turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away.

17Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.

18And we, who with unveiled faces all reflect the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into His image with intensifying glory, which comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit.

1Do we begin again to commend ourselves? or need we, as some others, epistles of commendation to you, or letters of commendation from you?

2Ye are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read of all men:

3Forasmuch as ye are manifestly declared to be the epistle of Christ ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not in tables of stone, but in fleshy tables of the heart.

4And such trust have we through Christ to God-ward:

5Not that we are sufficient of ourselves to think any thing as of ourselves; but our sufficiency is of God;

6Who also hath made us able ministers of the new testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.

7But if the ministration of death, written and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which glory was to be done away:

8How shall not the ministration of the spirit be rather glorious?

9For if the ministration of condemnation be glory, much more doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory.

10For even that which was made glorious had no glory in this respect, by reason of the glory that excelleth.

11For if that which is done away was glorious, much more that which remaineth is glorious.

12Seeing then that we have such hope, we use great plainness of speech:

13And not as Moses, which put a vail over his face, that the children of Israel could not stedfastly look to the end of that which is abolished:

14But their minds were blinded: for until this day remaineth the same vail untaken away in the reading of the old testament; which vail is done away in Christ.

15But even unto this day, when Moses is read, the vail is upon their heart.

16Nevertheless when it shall turn to the Lord, the vail shall be taken away.

17Now the Lord is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.

18But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord.

1Are we beginning again to commend ourselves? or need we, as do some, epistles of commendation to you or from you?

2Ye are our epistle, written in our hearts, known and read of all men;

3being made manifest that ye are an epistle of Christ, ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not in tables of stone, but in tables [that are] hearts of flesh.

4And such confidence have we through Christ to God-ward:

5not that we are sufficient of ourselves, to account anything as from ourselves; but our sufficiency is from God;

6who also made us sufficient as ministers of a new covenant; not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.

7But if the ministration of death, written, [and] engraven on stones, came with glory, so that the children of Israel could not look stedfastly upon the face of Moses for the glory of his face; which [glory] was passing away:

8how shall not rather the ministration of the spirit be with glory?

9For if the ministration of condemnation hath glory, much rather doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory.

10For verily that which hath been made glorious hath not been made glorious in this respect, by reason of the glory that surpasseth.

11For if that which passeth away [was] with glory, much more that which remaineth [is] in glory.

12Having therefore such a hope, we use great boldness of speech,

13and [are] not as Moses, [who] put a veil upon his face, that the children of Israel should not look stedfastly on the end of that which was passing away:

14but their minds were hardened: for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remaineth, it not being revealed [to them] that it is done away in Christ.

15But unto this day, whensoever Moses is read, a veil lieth upon their heart.

16But whensoever it shall turn to the Lord, the veil is taken away.

17Now the Lord is the Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, [there] is liberty.

18But we all, with unveiled face beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from the Lord the Spirit.

1Are we beginning to commend ourselves again? We don’t need letters of recommendation to you or from you as some other people do, do we?

2You yourselves are our letter, written on our hearts, known and read by everyone,

3revealing that you are a letter of Christ, delivered by us, written not with ink but by the Spirit of the living God, not on stone tablets but on tablets of human hearts.

4Now we have such confidence in God through Christ.

5Not that we are adequate in ourselves to consider anything as if it were coming from ourselves, but our adequacy is from God,

6who made us adequate to be servants of a new covenant not based on the letter but on the Spirit, for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.

7But if the ministry that produced death—carved in letters on stone tablets—came with glory, so that the Israelites could not keep their eyes fixed on the face of Moses because of the glory of his face (a glory which was made ineffective),

8how much more glorious will the ministry of the Spirit be?

9For if there was glory in the ministry that produced condemnation, how much more does the ministry that produces righteousness excel in glory!

10For indeed, what had been glorious now has no glory because of the tremendously greater glory of what replaced it.

11For if what was made ineffective came with glory, how much more has what remains come in glory!

12Therefore, since we have such a hope, we behave with great boldness,

13and not like Moses who used to put a veil over his face to keep the Israelites from staring at the result of the glory that was made ineffective.

14But their minds were closed. For to this very day, the same veil remains when they hear the old covenant read. It has not been removed because only in Christ is it taken away.

15But until this very day whenever Moses is read, a veil lies over their minds,

16but when one turns to the Lord, the veil is removed.

17Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is present, there is freedom.

18And we all, with unveiled faces reflecting the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from one degree of glory to another, which is from the Lord, who is the Spirit.

1Are we beginning again to commend ourselves? Or do we need, as do some, letters of commendation to you or from you?

2You are our letter, written in our hearts, known and read by all men;

3being revealed that you are a letter of Christ, served by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not in tablets of stone, but in tablets that are hearts of flesh.

4Such confidence we have through Christ toward God;

5not that we are sufficient of ourselves, to account anything as from ourselves; but our sufficiency is from God;

6who also made us sufficient as servants of a new covenant; not of the letter, but of the Spirit. For the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.

7But if the service of death, written engraved on stones, came with glory, so that the children of Israel could not look steadfastly on the face of Moses for the glory of his face, which was passing away;

8won’t service of the Spirit be with much more glory?

9For if the service of condemnation has glory, the service of righteousness exceeds much more in glory.

10For most certainly that which has been made glorious has not been made glorious in this respect, by reason of the glory that surpasses.

11For if that which passes away was with glory, much more that which remains is in glory.

12Having therefore such a hope, we use great boldness of speech,

13and not as Moses, who put a veil on his face, that the children of Israel wouldn’t look steadfastly on the end of that which was passing away.

14But their minds were hardened, for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remains, because in Christ it passes away.

15But to this day, when Moses is read, a veil lies on their heart.

16But whenever one turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away.

17Now the Lord is the Spirit and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.

18But we all, with unveiled face seeing the glory of the Lord as in a mirror, are transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from the Lord, the Spirit.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Paul asks whether he needs a letter of recommendation, since the Corinthians themselves are his letter, written by the Spirit not on stone but on human hearts, known and read by everyone (vv. 1-3). His confidence comes not from his own sufficiency but from God, who made him a minister of a new covenant of the Spirit rather than the letter, for the letter kills but the Spirit gives life (vv. 4-6). He argues that if the old covenant, which brought condemnation and was fading away, still came with glory so great that Israel could not look at Moses' radiant face, the new covenant of the Spirit and righteousness must carry far greater, unfading glory (vv. 7-11). Because of this hope, Paul speaks with boldness, unlike Moses who veiled his face; even now a veil remains over hearts when the old covenant is read, lifted only when a person turns to Christ (vv. 12-16). Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom, and believers with unveiled faces reflect the Lord's glory, being transformed into his likeness with ever-increasing glory (vv. 17-18).

Authorship & Background

Author: Paul (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 3 contrasts the old covenant (Law/Moses) with the new covenant (Spirit/Christ). False teachers in Corinth carried "letters of commendation" — Paul says the Corinthians themselves are his letter, "written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God" (v.3). The chapter builds to one of the most glorious statements about transformation in the NT (v.18).
Classification: Epistle — Pauline
Key Themes: Changed lives offered as a letter of commendation written without ink, an old covenant of glory that still brought condemnation set against a new covenant that brings righteousness, sufficiency for the ministry located outside the minister before any comparison begins, a veil removed only when a heart turns to the Lord, and believers changed from glory to glory by beholding rather than by effort
Letters of Commendation (vv.1-3): Paul doesn't need paper credentials — the Corinthians' transformed lives are his recommendation letter. "Ye are our epistle written in our hearts, known and read of all men" (v.2). Changed lives are the best evidence of genuine ministry.
Old Covenant vs. New Covenant (vv.4-11): The old covenant (Law) was glorious but brought death and condemnation (vv.7,9). The new covenant (Spirit) is more glorious because it brings life and righteousness (vv.8-9). If the fading glory was impressive, how much more the permanent glory? Before the comparison begins, Paul locates his confidence outside himself. Such trust have we through Christ to God-ward, not that we are sufficient of ourselves to think any thing, but our sufficiency is of God. The ministry he is about to call glorious is one he has just said he is not competent to hold.
The Veil Removed (vv.12-18): Moses veiled his face because the glory was fading (v.13). Israel's hearts are still veiled when they read the OT (v.15). But "when it shall turn to the Lord, the vail shall be taken away" (v.16). For believers: "with open face beholding... the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory" (v.18).

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the living letter, the old/new covenant contrast, the veil metaphor, and the progressive transformation of v.18.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

2 Corinthians 3:18 || From One Degree of Glory to Another (#6) || David Bowden
Spoken Gospel

2 Corinthians 3:17 || Where the Spirit Is There Is Freedom (#5) || David Bowden
Spoken Gospel

2 Corinthians 3:16 || How Jesus Helps Us Read the Bible (#4) || David Bowden
Spoken Gospel

2 Corinthians 3:14-15 || Our Veiled Bibles (#3) || David Bowden
Spoken Gospel

2 Corinthians 3:12-13 || Finding God's Glory (#2) || David Bowden
Spoken Gospel

2 Corinthians 3:12 - 4:6 || Introduction (#1) || David Bowden
Spoken Gospel

The Most-Read Bible Translation - 2 Corinthians 3:2-3
David Guzik

2 Corinthians 3 – The Glory of the New Covenant
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of 2 Corinthians -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • A Living Letter Everyone Reads (vv.2-3) — Paul says the Corinthians' transformed lives, not paper credentials, are the proof of his ministry. If people read your life like a letter, what would they learn about Christ from it?
  • Sufficiency That Isn't Your Own (v.5) — Paul insists he is not adequate in himself to claim anything as his own doing; his adequacy comes entirely from God. Where are you still trying to be sufficient on your own strength instead of leaning on His?
  • The Letter Kills, the Spirit Gives Life (v.6) — Paul contrasts a ministry built on rule-keeping, which condemns, with a ministry of the Spirit, which brings life. Are there areas where you're relating to God more through obligation than through the Spirit's life?
  • The Veil Removed by Turning to the Lord (v.16) — Paul says that whenever someone turns to the Lord, the veil that blinds understanding is taken away. Is there a part of Scripture, or your own past, that still feels veiled to you?
  • Transformed From Glory to Glory (v.18) — Paul describes believers being progressively changed into Christ's likeness as they behold His glory with unveiled faces. What are you spending your attention gazing at, and is it shaping you to look more like Him?