2 Corinthians — Chapter 5

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1For we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.

2For in this we groan, earnestly desiring to be clothed upon with our house which is from heaven:

3If so be that being clothed we shall not be found naked.

4For we that are in this tabernacle do groan, being burdened: not for that we would be unclothed, but clothed upon, that mortality might be swallowed up of life.

5Now he that hath wrought us for the selfsame thing is God, who also hath given unto us the earnest of the Spirit.

6Therefore we are always confident, knowing that, whilst we are at home in the body, we are absent from the Lord:

7(For we walk by faith, not by sight:)

8We are confident, I say, and willing rather to be absent from the body, and to be present with the Lord.

9Wherefore we labour, that, whether present or absent, we may be accepted of him.

10For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad.

11Knowing therefore the terror of the Lord, we persuade men; but we are made manifest unto God; and I trust also are made manifest in your consciences.

12For we commend not ourselves again unto you, but give you occasion to glory on our behalf, that ye may have somewhat to answer them which glory in appearance, and not in heart.

13For whether we be beside ourselves, it is to God: or whether we be sober, it is for your cause.

14For the love of Christ constraineth us; because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead:

15And that he died for all, that they which live should not henceforth live unto themselves, but unto him which died for them, and rose again.

16Wherefore henceforth know we no man after the flesh: yea, though we have known Christ after the flesh, yet now henceforth know we him no more.

17Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new.

18And all things are of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry of reconciliation;

19To wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; and hath committed unto us the word of reconciliation.

20Now then we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God did beseech you by us: we pray you in Christ’s stead, be ye reconciled to God.

21For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.

1For we know that if the earthly house of our tabernacle be dissolved, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal, in the heavens.

2For verily in this we groan, longing to be clothed upon with our habitation which is from heaven:

3if so be that being clothed we shall not be found naked.

4For indeed we that are in this tabernacle do groan, being burdened; not for that we would be unclothed, but that we would be clothed upon, that what is mortal may be swallowed up of life.

5Now he that wrought us for this very thing is God, who gave unto us the earnest of the Spirit.

6Being therefore always of good courage, and knowing that, whilst we are at home in the body, we are absent from the Lord

7(for we walk by faith, not by sight);

8we are of good courage, I say, and are willing rather to be absent from the body, and to be at home with the Lord.

9Wherefore also we make it our aim, whether at home or absent, to be well-pleasing unto him.

10For we must all be made manifest before the judgment-seat of Christ; that each one may receive the things [done] in the body, according to what he hath done, whether [it be] good or bad.

11Knowing therefore the fear of the Lord, we persuade men, but we are made manifest unto God; and I hope that we are made manifest also in your consciences.

12We are not again commending ourselves unto you, but [speak] as giving you occasion of glorying on our behalf, that ye may have wherewith to answer them that glory in appearance, and not in heart.

13For whether we are beside ourselves, it is unto God; or whether we are of sober mind, it is unto you.

14For the love of Christ constraineth us; because we thus judge, that one died for all, therefore all died;

15and he died for all, that they that live should no longer live unto themselves, but unto him who for their sakes died and rose again.

16Wherefore we henceforth know no man after the flesh: even though we have known Christ after the flesh, yet now we know [him so] no more.

17Wherefore if any man is in Christ, [he is] a new creature: the old things are passed away; behold, they are become new.

18But all things are of God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ, and gave unto us the ministry of reconciliation;

19to wit, that God was in Christ reconciling the world unto himself, not reckoning unto them their trespasses, and having committed unto us the word of reconciliation.

20We are ambassadors therefore on behalf of Christ, as though God were entreating by us: we beseech [you] on behalf of Christ, be ye reconciled to God.

21Him who knew no sin he made [to be] sin on our behalf; that we might become the righteousness of God in him.

1For we know that if our earthly house, the tent we live in, is dismantled, we have a building from God, a house not built by human hands, that is eternal in the heavens.

2For in this earthly house we groan, because we desire to put on our heavenly dwelling,

3if indeed, after we have put on our heavenly house, we will not be found naked.

4For we groan while we are in this tent, since we are weighed down, because we do not want to be unclothed, but clothed, so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life.

5Now the one who prepared us for this very purpose is God, who gave us the Spirit as a down payment.

6Therefore we are always full of courage, and we know that as long as we are alive here on earth we are absent from the Lord—

7for we live by faith, not by sight.

8Thus we are full of courage and would prefer to be away from the body and at home with the Lord.

9So then whether we are alive or away, we make it our ambition to please him.

10For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may be paid back according to what he has done while in the body, whether good or evil.

11Therefore, because we know the fear of the Lord, we try to persuade people, but we are well known to God, and I hope we are well known to your consciences too.

12We are not trying to commend ourselves to you again, but are giving you an opportunity to be proud of us, so that you may be able to answer those who take pride in outward appearance and not in what is in the heart.

13For if we are out of our minds, it is for God; if we are of sound mind, it is for you.

14For the love of Christ controls us, since we have concluded this, that Christ died for all; therefore all have died.

15And he died for all so that those who live should no longer live for themselves but for him who died for them and was raised.

16So then from now on we acknowledge no one from an outward human point of view. Even though we have known Christ from such a human point of view, now we do not know him in that way any longer.

17So then, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; what is old has passed away—look, what is new has come!

18And all these things are from God who reconciled us to himself through Christ and who has given us the ministry of reconciliation.

19In other words, in Christ God was reconciling the world to himself, not counting people’s trespasses against them, and he has given us the message of reconciliation.

20Therefore we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were making his plea through us. We plead with you on Christ’s behalf, “Be reconciled to God!”

21God made the one who did not know sin to be sin for us, so that in him we would become the righteousness of God.

1For we know that if the earthly house of our tent is dissolved, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal, in the heavens.

2For most certainly in this we groan, longing to be clothed with our habitation which is from heaven;

3if so be that being clothed we will not be found naked.

4For indeed we who are in this tent do groan, being burdened; not that we desire to be unclothed, but that we desire to be clothed, that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life.

5Now he who made us for this very thing is God, who also gave to us the down payment of the Spirit.

6Therefore we are always confident and know that while we are at home in the body, we are absent from the Lord;

7for we walk by faith, not by sight.

8We are courageous, I say, and are willing rather to be absent from the body, and to be at home with the Lord.

9Therefore also we make it our aim, whether at home or absent, to be well pleasing to him.

10For we must all be revealed before the judgment seat of Christ; that each one may receive the things in the body, according to what he has done, whether good or bad.

11Knowing therefore the fear of the Lord, we persuade men, but we are revealed to God; and I hope that we are revealed also in your consciences.

12For we are not commending ourselves to you again, but speak as giving you occasion of boasting on our behalf, that you may have something to answer those who boast in appearance, and not in heart.

13For if we are beside ourselves, it is for God. Or if we are of sober mind, it is for you.

14For the love of Christ constrains us; because we judge thus, that one died for all, therefore all died.

15He died for all, that those who live should no longer live to themselves, but to him who for their sakes died and rose again.

16Therefore we know no one after the flesh from now on. Even though we have known Christ after the flesh, yet now we know him so no more.

17Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old things have passed away. Behold, all things have become new.

18But all things are of God, who reconciled us to himself through Jesus Christ, and gave to us the ministry of reconciliation;

19namely, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, not reckoning to them their trespasses, and having committed to us the word of reconciliation.

20We are therefore ambassadors on behalf of Christ, as though God were entreating by us: we beg you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God.

21For him who knew no sin he made to be sin on our behalf; so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

We groan for our heavenly dwelling, walk by faith not by sight, and must all appear before Christ's judgment seat — for "if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation" — and God has given us the ministry of reconciliation as His ambassadors.

Authorship & Background

Author: Paul (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 5 is one of the richest theological chapters in Paul's letters — covering the resurrection body (vv.1-10), the motivation of ministry (vv.11-15), the new creation (vv.16-17), the ministry of reconciliation (vv.18-20), and the great exchange (v.21). It contains some of the most quoted and theologically significant verses in the New Testament.
The Resurrection Body (vv.1-10): Paul compares the current body to a "tent" (temporary) and the resurrection body to a "building of God" (permanent). We "groan" in this body — not wanting to be disembodied but to be "clothed upon" with the resurrection body (v.4). Meanwhile, we "walk by faith, not by sight" (v.7) and aim to please Christ (v.9).
The New Creation (v.17): "If any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new." One of the most powerful statements of transformation in Scripture. In Christ, you are not improved — you are NEW.
The Great Exchange (v.21): "He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him." The most concise statement of substitutionary atonement in the Bible. Christ became what we are (sin) so we could become what He is (righteous).

Map & Geography

  • No specific geographic locations are referenced in this chapter.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the resurrection body, walking by faith, the judgment seat, the new creation, reconciliation, and the great exchange.
  • Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "The Great Exchange" on v.21 (MTP Vol. 10, No. 663) "He hath made HIM to be sin for us — the sinless One became sin. Not a sinner — sin itself. He absorbed it, bore it, was identified with it. Why? That WE might be made the righteousness of God in Him. Not just forgiven — made righteous. Not just pardoned — declared righteous with God's own righteousness. That is the exchange: His righteousness for our sin. His perfection for our failure." Sermon: "A New Creature" on v.17 (MTP Vol. 22, No. 1394) "If any man be in Christ, he is a new creature — not an improved creature, not a reformed creature — a NEW creature. Old things are passed away — the old identity, the old bondage, the old condemnation. All things are become new — new identity, new power, new standing. You are not patched up; you are made new."

Videos

The Bible Project — 2 Corinthians Overview

Animated overview of the book's literary structure, themes, and theological message. Excellent visual introduction. (Approx. 8 minutes)

Reflection

  • 1. "We walk by faith, not by sight" (v.7). Your current life is lived by trusting what you cannot see. How strong is your faith-walk? Are you living by what you see or by what God has promised?
  • 2. "The love of Christ constraineth us" (v.14). What drives your ministry, your service, your obedience? Is it Christ's love — or duty, guilt, or reputation? Love is the only sustainable motivation.
  • 3. "If any man be in Christ, he is a new creature" (v.17). You are NEW — not improved, not reformed — new. Are you living out of your new identity or still identifying with the old? What "old things" have passed away in your life?
  • 4. "He hath made him to be sin for us... that we might be made the righteousness of God in him" (v.21). The great exchange: His righteousness for your sin. Do you understand the magnitude of this? Do you live in the confidence of being "the righteousness of God"?
  • 5. Paul says we "groan" in this body (v.4) — longing for the resurrection body. Do you feel that groaning? The ache for something better? How does the promise of a resurrection body affect how you view aging, sickness, and death?
  • 6. "We must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ" (v.10). You will give account for how you lived. Does this truth produce fear or motivation? How does it shape your daily choices?
  • 7. "We are ambassadors for Christ" (v.20). An ambassador represents their King in foreign territory. You represent Christ in this world. How well are you representing Him? What message are people receiving from your life?
  • 8. "Be ye reconciled to God" (v.20). This is the Gospel appeal — spoken through believers. Who in your life needs to hear this appeal? Are you delivering it?
  • 9. Verse 21 is the Gospel in one sentence. Can you explain it simply? Christ took your sin; you receive His righteousness. How does this truth change how you approach God — with confidence or with fear?