Romans — Chapter 11

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1I say then, Hath God cast away his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin.

2God hath not cast away his people which he foreknew. Wot ye not what the scripture saith of Elias? how he maketh intercession to God against Israel, saying,

3Lord, they have killed thy prophets, and digged down thine altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life.

4But what saith the answer of God unto him? I have reserved to myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to the image of Baal.

5Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.

6And if by grace, then is it no more of works: otherwise grace is no more grace. But if it be of works, then is it no more grace: otherwise work is no more work.

7What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded

8(According as it is written, God hath given them the spirit of slumber, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear;) unto this day.

9And David saith, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, and a stumblingblock, and a recompence unto them:

10Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see, and bow down their back alway.

11I say then, Have they stumbled that they should fall? God forbid: but rather through their fall salvation is come unto the Gentiles, for to provoke them to jealousy.

12Now if the fall of them be the riches of the world, and the diminishing of them the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fulness?

13For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office:

14If by any means I may provoke to emulation them which are my flesh, and might save some of them.

15For if the casting away of them be the reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving of them be, but life from the dead?

16For if the firstfruit be holy, the lump is also holy: and if the root be holy, so are the branches.

17And if some of the branches be broken off, and thou, being a wild olive tree, wert graffed in among them, and with them partakest of the root and fatness of the olive tree;

18Boast not against the branches. But if thou boast, thou bearest not the root, but the root thee.

19Thou wilt say then, The branches were broken off, that I might be graffed in.

20Well; because of unbelief they were broken off, and thou standest by faith. Be not highminded, but fear:

21For if God spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he also spare not thee.

22Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God: on them which fell, severity; but toward thee, goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off.

23And they also, if they abide not still in unbelief, shall be graffed in: for God is able to graff them in again.

24For if thou wert cut out of the olive tree which is wild by nature, and wert graffed contrary to nature into a good olive tree: how much more shall these, which be the natural branches, be graffed into their own olive tree?

25For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.

26And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:

27For this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins.

28As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers’ sakes.

29For the gifts and calling of God are without repentance.

30For as ye in times past have not believed God, yet have now obtained mercy through their unbelief:

31Even so have these also now not believed, that through your mercy they also may obtain mercy.

32For God hath concluded them all in unbelief, that he might have mercy upon all.

33O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out!

34For who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been his counsellor?

35Or who hath first given to him, and it shall be recompensed unto him again?

36For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things: to whom be glory for ever. Amen.

1I say then, Did God cast off his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin.

2God did not cast off his people which he foreknew. Or know ye not what the scripture saith of Elijah? how he pleadeth with God against Israel:

3Lord, they have killed thy prophets, they have digged down thine altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life.

4But what saith the answer of God unto him? I have left for myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to Baal.

5Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.

6But if it is by grace, it is no more of works: otherwise grace is no more grace.

7What then? that which Israel seeketh for, that he obtained not; but the election obtained it, and the rest were hardened:

8according as it is written, God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear, unto this very day.

9And David saith, Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, And a stumblingblock, and a recompense unto them:

10Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see, And bow thou down their back always.

11I say then, Did they stumble that they might fall? God forbid: but by their fall salvation [is come] unto the Gentiles, to provoke them to jealousy.

12Now if their fall, is the riches of the world, and their loss the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fulness?

13But I speak to you that are Gentiles. Inasmuch then as I am an apostle of Gentiles, I glorify my ministry;

14if by any means I may provoke to jealousy [them that are] my flesh, and may save some of them.

15For if the casting away of them [is] the reconciling of the world, what [shall] the receiving [of them be], but life from the dead?

16And if the firstfruit is holy, so is the lump: and if the root is holy, so are the branches.

17But if some of the branches were broken off, and thou, being a wild olive, wast grafted in among them, and didst become partaker with them of the root of the fatness of the olive tree;

18glory not over the branches: but if thou gloriest, it is not thou that bearest the root, but the root thee.

19Thou wilt say then, Branches were broken off, that I might be grafted in.

20Well; by their unbelief they were broken off, and thou standest by thy faith. Be not highminded, but fear:

21for if God spared not the natural branches, neither will he spare thee.

22Behold then the goodness and severity of God: toward them that fell, severity; but toward thee, God`s goodness, if thou continue in his goodness: otherwise thou also shalt be cut off.

23And they also, if they continue not in their unbelief, shall be grafted in: for God is able to graft them in again.

24For if thou wast cut out of that which is by nature a wild olive tree, and wast grafted contrary to nature into a good olive tree; how much more shall these, which are the natural [branches], be grafted into their own olive tree?

25For I would not, brethren, have you ignorant of this mystery, lest ye be wise in your own conceits, that a hardening in part hath befallen Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in;

26and so all Israel shall be saved: even as it is written, There shall come out of Zion the Deliverer; He shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:

27And this is my covenant unto them, When I shall take away their sins.

28As touching the gospel, they are enemies for your sake: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers` sake.

29For the gifts and the calling of God are not repented of.

30For as ye in time past were disobedient to God, but now have obtained mercy by their disobedience,

31even so have these also now been disobedient, that by the mercy shown to you they also may now obtain mercy.

32For God hath shut up all unto disobedience, that he might have mercy upon all.

33O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past tracing out!

34For who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been his counsellor?

35or who hath first given to him, and it shall be recompensed unto him again?

36For of him, and through him, and unto him, are all things. To him [be] the glory for ever. Amen.

1So I ask, God has not rejected his people, has he? Absolutely not! For I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin.

2God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew! Do you not know what the scripture says about Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel?

3“Lord, they have killed your prophets; they have demolished your altars; I alone am left, and they are seeking my life!”

4But what was the divine response to him? “I have kept for myself 7,000 people who have not bent the knee to Baal.”

5So in the same way at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace.

6And if it is by grace, it is no longer by works, otherwise grace would no longer be grace.

7What then? Israel failed to obtain what it was diligently seeking, but the elect obtained it. The rest were hardened,

8as it is written,“God gave them a spirit of stupor,eyes that would not see and ears that would not hear, to this very day.”

9And David says,“Let their table become a snare and trap,a stumbling block and a retribution for them;

10let their eyes be darkened so that they may not see,and make their backs bend continually.”

11I ask then, they did not stumble into an irrevocable fall, did they? Absolutely not! But by their transgression salvation has come to the Gentiles, to make Israel jealous.

12Now if their transgression means riches for the world and their defeat means riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their full restoration bring?

13Now I am speaking to you Gentiles. Seeing that I am an apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry,

14if somehow I could provoke my people to jealousy and save some of them.

15For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead?

16If the first portion of the dough offered is holy, then the whole batch is holy, and if the root is holy, so too are the branches.

17Now if some of the branches were broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, were grafted in among them and participated in the richness of the olive root,

18do not boast over the branches. But if you boast, remember that you do not support the root, but the root supports you.

19Then you will say, “The branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.”

20Granted! They were broken off because of their unbelief, but you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but fear!

21For if God did not spare the natural branches, perhaps he will not spare you.

22Notice therefore the kindness and harshness of God—harshness toward those who have fallen, but God’s kindness toward you, provided you continue in his kindness; otherwise you also will be cut off.

23And even they—if they do not continue in their unbelief—will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.

24For if you were cut off from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and grafted, contrary to nature, into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these natural branches be grafted back into their own olive tree?

25For I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers and sisters, so that you may not be conceited: A partial hardening has happened to Israel until the full number of the Gentiles has come in.

26And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written:“The Deliverer will come out of Zion;he will remove ungodliness from Jacob.

27And this is my covenant with them, when I take away their sins.”

28In regard to the gospel they are enemies for your sake, but in regard to election they are dearly loved for the sake of the fathers.

29For the gifts and the call of God are irrevocable.

30Just as you were formerly disobedient to God, but have now received mercy due to their disobedience,

31so they too have now been disobedient in order that, by the mercy shown to you, they too may now receive mercy.

32For God has consigned all people to disobedience so that he may show mercy to them all.

33Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how unfathomable his ways!

34For who has known the mind of the Lord,or who has been his counselor?

35Or who has first given to God that God needs to repay him?

36For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glory forever! Amen.

1I ask then, did God reject his people? May it never be! For I also am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin.

2God didn’t reject his people, which he foreknew. Or don’t you know what the Scripture says about Elijah? How he pleads with God against Israel:

3“Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have broken down your altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life.”

4But how does God answer him? “I have reserved for myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to Baal.”

5Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.

6And if by grace, then it is no longer of works; otherwise grace is no longer grace. But if it is of works, it is no longer grace; otherwise work is no longer work.

7What then? That which Israel seeks for, that he didn’t obtain, but the chosen ones obtained it, and the rest were hardened.

8According as it is written, “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear, to this very day.”

9David says, “Let their table be made a snare, and a trap, a stumbling block, and a retribution to them.

10Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see. Bow down their back always.”

11I ask then, did they stumble that they might fall? May it never be! But by their fall salvation has come to the Gentiles, to provoke them to jealousy.

12Now if their fall is the riches of the world, and their loss the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fullness?

13For I speak to you who are Gentiles. Since then as I am an apostle to Gentiles, I glorify my ministry;

14if by any means I may provoke to jealousy those who are my flesh, and may save some of them.

15For if the rejection of them is the reconciling of the world, what would their acceptance be, but life from the dead?

16If the first fruit is holy, so is the lump. If the root is holy, so are the branches.

17But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, being a wild olive, were grafted in among them, and became partaker with them of the root and of the richness of the olive tree;

18don’t boast over the branches. But if you boast, it is not you who support the root, but the root supports you.

19You will say then, “Branches were broken off, that I might be grafted in.”

20True; by their unbelief they were broken off, and you stand by your faith. Don’t be conceited, but fear;

21for if God didn’t spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you.

22See then the goodness and severity of God. Toward those who fell, severity; but toward you, goodness, if you continue in his goodness; otherwise you also will be cut off.

23They also, if they don’t continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.

24For if you were cut out of that which is by nature a wild olive tree, and were grafted contrary to nature into a good olive tree, how much more will these, which are the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree?

25For I don’t desire you to be ignorant, brothers, of this mystery, so that you won’t be wise in your own conceits, that a partial hardening has happened to Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in,

26and so all Israel will be saved. Even as it is written, “There will come out of Zion the Deliverer, and he will turn away ungodliness from Jacob.

27This is my covenant with them, when I will take away their sins.”

28Concerning the Good News, they are enemies for your sake. But concerning the election, they are beloved for the fathers’ sake.

29For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable.

30For as you in time past were disobedient to God, but now have obtained mercy by their disobedience,

31even so these also have now been disobedient, that by the mercy shown to you they may also obtain mercy.

32For God has shut up all to disobedience, that he might have mercy on all.

33Oh the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past tracing out!

34“For who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor?”

35“Or who has first given to him, and it will be repaid to him again?”

36For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things. To him be the glory for ever! Amen.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

God has not rejected Israel — a remnant remains by grace, Gentiles are grafted into the olive tree as wild branches, and all Israel will ultimately be saved when the fullness of the Gentiles comes in — "O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God!"

Authorship & Background

Author: Paul (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 11 completes the Israel section (chapters 9-11) by answering the question: has God permanently rejected Israel? Paul's answer: NO. Israel's rejection is partial (a remnant believes, v.5), purposeful (to bring salvation to Gentiles, v.11), and temporary (all Israel will be saved, v.26). The chapter ends with one of the greatest doxologies in Scripture (vv.33-36).
The Remnant (vv.1-10): God has not cast away His people. Paul himself is proof — an Israelite who believes. Just as in Elijah's day God preserved 7,000 who hadn't bowed to Baal, so now there is "a remnant according to the election of grace" (v.5). Grace, not works, preserves the remnant.
The Olive Tree (vv.16-24): Paul's most extended metaphor. Israel is a cultivated olive tree. Some branches (unbelieving Jews) were broken off. Wild branches (Gentile believers) were grafted in. Warning to Gentiles: don't boast — you stand by faith, not by right. And God can graft the natural branches back in.
"All Israel Shall Be Saved" (v.26): One of the most debated verses in Romans. Interpretations: (1) all ethnic Israel will be saved at Christ's return, (2) the full number of elect Jews throughout history, (3) "Israel" means the church (Jew + Gentile). Most scholars favor option 1 — a future national turning of Israel to Christ.
The Doxology (vv.33-36): Paul's response to the mystery of God's plan: worship. "O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God!" When theology leads to doxology, you're doing it right.

Map & Geography

  • No specific geographic locations are referenced in this chapter.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the remnant, the olive tree metaphor, the mystery of Israel's future salvation, and the closing doxology.
  • Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "The Goodness and Severity of God" on v.22 (MTP Vol. 10, No. 637) "Behold the goodness AND severity of God — both. Not goodness alone (that would be sentimentality). Not severity alone (that would be tyranny). Both together — grace for those who believe, judgment for those who don't. Hold both truths. Fear and love. Tremble and trust." Sermon: "The Depth of the Riches" on v.33 (MTP Vol. 22, No. 1370) "O the depth — Paul has reached the end of his argument and the only response left is worship. When theology doesn't lead to doxology, it has failed. When you truly understand God's plan — His wisdom, His mercy, His sovereignty — the only appropriate response is 'O the depth!'"

Videos

The Bible Project — Romans Overview

Animated overview of the book's literary structure, themes, and theological message. Excellent visual introduction. (Approx. 8 minutes)

Reflection

  • 1. "Behold the goodness and severity of God" (v.22). God is both kind and severe. Do you hold both truths? Do you see God as only loving (ignoring His justice) or only harsh (ignoring His grace)? A balanced view of God includes both.
  • 2. "Be not highminded, but fear" (v.20). Gentile believers are warned against arrogance toward Israel. You stand by faith, not by right. How do you view Jewish people and the nation of Israel? With arrogance or with gratitude for being grafted in?
  • 3. "The gifts and calling of God are without repentance" (v.29). God doesn't take back His promises. What He has called you to, He will equip you for. What calling has God placed on your life that you need to trust He won't revoke?
  • 4. "O the depth of the riches!" (v.33). When was the last time your study of God led to spontaneous worship? If your theology doesn't produce doxology, something is missing. Let the depth of God's wisdom move you to praise.
  • 5. God preserved 7,000 in Elijah's day who hadn't bowed to Baal (v.4). Even when it seems like everyone has abandoned the faith, God has His remnant. How does this encourage you when the church seems weak or compromised?
  • 6. Israel's fall brought salvation to the Gentiles (v.11). God uses even rejection and failure for His purposes. How has God used painful events in your life to bring blessing to others?
  • 7. The olive tree metaphor warns Gentiles: "thou bearest not the root, but the root thee" (v.18). Christianity didn't replace Judaism — it grew from it. How does understanding your Jewish roots deepen your faith?
  • 8. "For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things" (v.36). Everything comes from God, is sustained by God, and exists for God. How does this comprehensive statement about God's relationship to all things affect how you view your own life, work, and purpose?
  • 9. Paul ends three chapters of dense theology with worship (vv.33-36). Does your study of God lead to worship? If not, you may be studying with your head but not your heart. How do you cultivate a worshipful response to truth?