1 Kings — Chapter 18

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1And it came to pass after many days, that the word of the LORD came to Elijah in the third year, saying, Go, shew thyself unto Ahab; and I will send rain upon the earth.

2And Elijah went to shew himself unto Ahab. And there was a sore famine in Samaria.

3And Ahab called Obadiah, which was the governor of his house. (Now Obadiah feared the LORD greatly:

4For it was so, when Jezebel cut off the prophets of the LORD, that Obadiah took an hundred prophets, and hid them by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water.)

5And Ahab said unto Obadiah, Go into the land, unto all fountains of water, and unto all brooks: peradventure we may find grass to save the horses and mules alive, that we lose not all the beasts.

6So they divided the land between them to pass throughout it: Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way by himself.

7And as Obadiah was in the way, behold, Elijah met him: and he knew him, and fell on his face, and said, Art thou that my lord Elijah?

8And he answered him, I am: go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here.

9And he said, What have I sinned, that thou wouldest deliver thy servant into the hand of Ahab, to slay me?

10As the LORD thy God liveth, there is no nation or kingdom, whither my lord hath not sent to seek thee: and when they said, He is not there; he took an oath of the kingdom and nation, that they found thee not.

11And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here.

12And it shall come to pass, as soon as I am gone from thee, that the Spirit of the LORD shall carry thee whither I know not; and so when I come and tell Ahab, and he cannot find thee, he shall slay me: but I thy servant fear the LORD from my youth.

13Was it not told my lord what I did when Jezebel slew the prophets of the LORD, how I hid an hundred men of the LORD’S prophets by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water?

14And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah is here: and he shall slay me.

15And Elijah said, As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I stand, I will surely shew myself unto him to day.

16So Obadiah went to meet Ahab, and told him: and Ahab went to meet Elijah.

17And it came to pass, when Ahab saw Elijah, that Ahab said unto him, Art thou he that troubleth Israel?

18And he answered, I have not troubled Israel; but thou, and thy father’s house, in that ye have forsaken the commandments of the LORD, and thou hast followed Baalim.

19Now therefore send, and gather to me all Israel unto mount Carmel, and the prophets of Baal four hundred and fifty, and the prophets of the groves four hundred, which eat at Jezebel’s table.

20So Ahab sent unto all the children of Israel, and gathered the prophets together unto mount Carmel.

21And Elijah came unto all the people, and said, How long halt ye between two opinions? if the LORD be God, follow him: but if Baal, then follow him. And the people answered him not a word.

22Then said Elijah unto the people, I, even I only, remain a prophet of the LORD; but Baal’s prophets are four hundred and fifty men.

23Let them therefore give us two bullocks; and let them choose one bullock for themselves, and cut it in pieces, and lay it on wood, and put no fire under: and I will dress the other bullock, and lay it on wood, and put no fire under:

24And call ye on the name of your gods, and I will call on the name of the LORD: and the God that answereth by fire, let him be God. And all the people answered and said, It is well spoken.

25And Elijah said unto the prophets of Baal, Choose you one bullock for yourselves, and dress it first; for ye are many; and call on the name of your gods, but put no fire under.

26And they took the bullock which was given them, and they dressed it, and called on the name of Baal from morning even until noon, saying, O Baal, hear us. But there was no voice, nor any that answered. And they leaped upon the altar which was made.

27And it came to pass at noon, that Elijah mocked them, and said, Cry aloud: for he is a god; either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth, and must be awaked.

28And they cried aloud, and cut themselves after their manner with knives and lancets, till the blood gushed out upon them.

29And it came to pass, when midday was past, and they prophesied until the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice, that there was neither voice, nor any to answer, nor any that regarded.

30And Elijah said unto all the people, Come near unto me. And all the people came near unto him. And he repaired the altar of the LORD that was broken down.

31And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of the LORD came, saying, Israel shall be thy name:

32And with the stones he built an altar in the name of the LORD: and he made a trench about the altar, as great as would contain two measures of seed.

33And he put the wood in order, and cut the bullock in pieces, and laid him on the wood, and said, Fill four barrels with water, and pour it on the burnt sacrifice, and on the wood.

34And he said, Do it the second time. And they did it the second time. And he said, Do it the third time. And they did it the third time.

35And the water ran round about the altar; and he filled the trench also with water.

36And it came to pass at the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice, that Elijah the prophet came near, and said, LORD God of Abraham, Isaac, and of Israel, let it be known this day that thou art God in Israel, and that I am thy servant, and that I have done all these things at thy word.

37Hear me, O LORD, hear me, that this people may know that thou art the LORD God, and that thou hast turned their heart back again.

38Then the fire of the LORD fell, and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench.

39And when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces: and they said, The LORD, he is the God; the LORD, he is the God.

40And Elijah said unto them, Take the prophets of Baal; let not one of them escape. And they took them: and Elijah brought them down to the brook Kishon, and slew them there.

41And Elijah said unto Ahab, Get thee up, eat and drink; for there is a sound of abundance of rain.

42So Ahab went up to eat and to drink. And Elijah went up to the top of Carmel; and he cast himself down upon the earth, and put his face between his knees,

43And said to his servant, Go up now, look toward the sea. And he went up, and looked, and said, There is nothing. And he said, Go again seven times.

44And it came to pass at the seventh time, that he said, Behold, there ariseth a little cloud out of the sea, like a man’s hand. And he said, Go up, say unto Ahab, Prepare thy chariot, and get thee down, that the rain stop thee not.

45And it came to pass in the mean while, that the heaven was black with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain. And Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel.

46And the hand of the LORD was on Elijah; and he girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab to the entrance of Jezreel.

1And it came to pass after many days, that the word of Jehovah came to Elijah, in the third year, saying, Go, show thyself unto Ahab; and I will send rain upon the earth.

2And Elijah went to show himself unto Ahab. And the famine was sore in Samaria.

3And Ahab called Obadiah, who was over the household. (Now Obadiah feared Jehovah greatly:

4for it was so, when Jezebel cut off the prophets of Jehovah, that Obadiah took a hundred prophets, and hid them by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water.)

5And Ahab said unto Obadiah, Go through the land, unto all the fountains of water, and unto all the brooks: peradventure we may find grass and save the horses and mules alive, that we lose not all the beasts.

6So they divided the land between them to pass throughout it: Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way by himself.

7And as Obadiah was in the way, behold, Elijah met him: and he knew him, and fell on his face, and said, Is it thou, my lord Elijah?

8And he answered him, It is I: go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah [is here].

9And he said, Wherein have I sinned, that thou wouldest deliver thy servant into the hand of Ahab, to slay me?

10As Jehovah thy God liveth, there is no nation or kingdom, whither my lord hath not sent to seek thee: and when they said, He is not here, he took an oath of the kingdom and nation, that they found thee not.

11And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah [is here].

12And it will come to pass, as soon as I am gone from thee, that the Spirit of Jehovah will carry thee whither I know not; and so when I come and tell Ahab, and he cannot find thee, he will slay me: but I thy servant fear Jehovah from my youth.

13Was it not told my lord what I did when Jezebel slew the prophets of Jehovah, how I hid a hundred men of Jehovah`s prophets by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water?

14And now thou sayest, Go, tell thy lord, Behold, Elijah [is here]; and he will slay me.

15And Elijah said, As Jehovah of hosts liveth, before whom I stand, I will surely show myself unto him to-day.

16So Obadiah went to meet Ahab, and told him; and Ahab went to meet Elijah.

17And it came to pass, when Ahab saw Elijah, that Ahab said unto him, Is it thou, thou troubler of Israel?

18And he answered, I have not troubled Israel; but thou, and thy father`s house, in that ye have forsaken the commandments of Jehovah, and thou hast followed the Baalim.

19Now therefore send, and gather to me all Israel unto mount Carmel, and the prophets of Baal four hundred and fifty, and the prophets of the Asherah four hundred, that eat at Jezebel`s table.

20So Ahab sent unto all the children of Israel, and gathered the prophets together unto mount Carmel.

21And Elijah came near unto all the people, and said, How long go ye limping between the two sides? if Jehovah be God, follow him; but if Baal, then follow him. And the people answered him not a word.

22Then said Elijah unto the people, I, even I only, am left a prophet of Jehovah; but Baal`s prophets are four hundred and fifty men.

23Let them therefore give us two bullocks; and let them choose one bullock for themselves, and cut it in pieces, and lay it on the wood, and put no fire under; and I will dress the other bullock, and lay it on the wood, and put no fire under.

24And call ye on the name of your god, and I will call on the name of Jehovah; and the God that answereth by fire, let him be God. And all the people answered and said, It is well spoken.

25And Elijah said unto the prophets of Baal, Choose you one bullock for yourselves, and dress it first; for ye are many; and call on the name of your god, but put no fire under.

26And they took the bullock which was given them, and they dressed it, and called on the name of Baal from morning even until noon, saying, O Baal, hear us. But there was no voice, nor any that answered. And they leaped about the altar which was made.

27And it came to pass at noon, that Elijah mocked them, and said, Cry aloud; for he is a god: either he is musing, or he is gone aside, or he is on a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth and must be awaked.

28And they cried aloud, and cut themselves after their manner with knives and lances, till the blood gushed out upon them.

29And it was so, when midday was past, that they prophesied until the time of the offering of the [evening] oblation; but there was neither voice, nor any to answer, nor any that regarded.

30And Elijah said unto all the people, Come near unto me; and all the people came near unto him. And he repaired the altar of Jehovah that was thrown down.

31And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, unto whom the word of Jehovah came, saying, Israel shall be thy name.

32And with the stones he built an altar in the name of Jehovah; and he made a trench about the altar, as great as would contain two measures of seed.

33And he put the wood in order, and cut the bullock in pieces, and laid it on the wood. And he said, Fill four jars with water, and pour it on the burnt-offering, and on the wood.

34And he said, Do it the second time; and they did it the second time. And he said, Do it the third time; and they did it the third time.

35And the water ran round about the altar; and he filled the trench also with water.

36And it came to pass at the time of the offering of the [evening] oblation, that Elijah the prophet came near, and said, O Jehovah, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Israel, let it be known this day that thou art God in Israel, and that I am thy servant, and that I have done all these things at thy word.

37Hear me, O Jehovah, hear me, that this people may know that thou, Jehovah, art God, and [that] thou hast turned their heart back again.

38Then the fire of Jehovah fell, and consumed the burnt-offering, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench.

39And when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces: and they said, Jehovah, he is God; Jehovah, he is God.

40and Elijah said unto them, Take the prophets of Baal; let not one of them escape. And they took them; and Elijah brought them down to the brook Kishon, and slew them there.

41And Elijah said unto Ahab, Get thee up, eat and drink; for there is the sound of abundance of rain.

42So Ahab went up to eat and to drink. And Elijah went up to the top of Carmel; and he bowed himself down upon the earth, and put his face between his knees.

43And he said to his servant, Go up now, look toward the sea. And he went up, and looked, and said, There is nothing. And he said, Go again seven times.

44And it came to pass at the seventh time, that he said, Behold, there ariseth a cloud out of the sea, as small as a man`s hand. And he said, Go up, say unto Ahab, Make ready [thy chariot], and get thee down, that the rain stop thee not.

45And it came to pass in a little while, that the heavens grew black with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain. And Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel:

46and the hand of Jehovah was on Elijah; and he girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab to the entrance of Jezreel.

1Some time later, in the third year of the famine, the Lord’s message came to Elijah, “Go, make an appearance before Ahab, so I may send rain on the surface of the ground.”

2So Elijah went to make an appearance before Ahab.Now the famine was severe in Samaria.

3So Ahab summoned Obadiah, who supervised the palace. (Now Obadiah was a very loyal follower of the Lord.

4When Jezebel was killing the Lord’s prophets, Obadiah took 100 prophets and hid them in two caves in two groups of 50. He also brought them food and water.)

5Ahab told Obadiah, “Go through the land to all the springs and valleys. Maybe we can find some grazing areas so we can keep the horses and mules alive and not have to kill some of the animals.”

6They divided up the land between them to search it; Ahab went one way by himself and Obadiah went the other way by himself.

7As Obadiah was traveling along, Elijah met him. When he recognized him, he fell facedown to the ground and said, “Is it really you, my master, Elijah?”

8He replied, “Yes, go and say to your master, ‘Elijah is back.’”

9Obadiah said, “What sin have I committed that you are ready to hand your servant over to Ahab for execution?

10As certainly as the Lord your God lives, my master has sent to every nation and kingdom in an effort to find you. When they say, ‘He’s not here,’ he makes them swear an oath that they could not find you.

11Now you say, ‘Go and say to your master, “Elijah is back.”’

12But when I leave you, the Lord’s Spirit will carry you away so I can’t find you. If I go tell Ahab I’ve seen you, he won’t be able to find you and he will kill me. That would not be fair, because your servant has been a loyal follower of the Lord from my youth.

13Certainly my master is aware of what I did when Jezebel was killing the Lord’s prophets. I hid 100 of the Lord’s prophets in two caves in two groups of 50 and I brought them food and water.

14Now you say, ‘Go and say to your master, “Elijah is back,”’ but he will kill me.”

15But Elijah said, “As certainly as the Lord of Heaven’s Armies lives (whom I serve), I will make an appearance before him today.”

16When Obadiah went and informed Ahab, the king went to meet Elijah.

17When Ahab saw Elijah, he said to him, “Is it really you, the one who brings disaster on Israel?”

18Elijah replied, “I have not brought disaster on Israel. But you and your father’s dynasty have, by abandoning the Lord’s commandments and following the Baals.

19Now send out messengers and assemble all Israel before me at Mount Carmel, as well as the 450 prophets of Baal and 400 prophets of Asherah whom Jezebel supports.”

20Ahab sent messengers to all the Israelites and had the prophets assemble at Mount Carmel.

21Elijah approached all the people and said, “How long are you going to be paralyzed by indecision? If the Lord is the true God, then follow him, but if Baal is, follow him!” But the people did not say a word.

22Elijah said to them: “I am the only prophet of the Lord who is left, but there are 450 prophets of Baal.

23Let them bring us two bulls. Let them choose one of the bulls for themselves, cut it up into pieces, and place it on the wood. But they must not set it on fire. I will do the same to the other bull and place it on the wood. But I will not set it on fire.

24Then you will invoke the name of your god, and I will invoke the name of the Lord. The god who responds with fire will demonstrate that he is the true God.” All the people responded, “This will be a fair test.”

25Elijah told the prophets of Baal, “Choose one of the bulls for yourselves and go first, for you are the majority. Invoke the name of your god, but do not light a fire.”

26So they took a bull, as he had suggested, and prepared it. They invoked the name of Baal from morning until noon, saying, “Baal, answer us.” But there was no sound and no answer. They jumped around on the altar they had made.

27At noon Elijah mocked them, “Yell louder! After all, he is a god; he may be deep in thought, or perhaps he stepped out for a moment or has taken a trip. Perhaps he is sleeping and needs to be awakened.”

28So they yelled louder and, in accordance with their prescribed ritual, mutilated themselves with swords and spears until their bodies were covered with blood.

29Throughout the afternoon they were in an ecstatic frenzy, but there was no sound, no answer, and no response.

30Elijah then told all the people, “Approach me.” So all the people approached him. He repaired the altar of the Lord that had been torn down.

31Then Elijah took 12 stones, corresponding to the number of tribes that descended from Jacob, to whom the Lord’s message had come, “Israel will be your name.”

32With the stones he constructed an altar for the Lord. Around the altar he made a trench large enough to contain two seahs of seed.

33He arranged the wood, cut up the bull, and placed it on the wood. Then he said, “Fill four water jars and pour the water on the offering and the wood.”

34When they had done so, he said, “Do it again.” So they did it again. Then he said, “Do it a third time.” So they did it a third time.

35The water flowed down all sides of the altar and filled the trench.

36When it was time for the evening offering, Elijah the prophet approached the altar and prayed: “O Lord God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, prove today that you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and have done all these things at your command.

37Answer me, O Lord, answer me, so these people will know that you, O Lord, are the true God and that you are winning back their allegiance.”

38Then fire from the Lord fell from the sky. It consumed the offering, the wood, the stones, and the dirt, and licked up the water in the trench.

39When all the people saw this, they threw themselves down with their faces to the ground and said, “The Lord is the true God! The Lord is the true God!”

40Elijah told them, “Seize the prophets of Baal! Don’t let even one of them escape!” So they seized them, and Elijah led them down to the Kishon Valley and executed them there.

41Then Elijah told Ahab, “Go on up and eat and drink, for the sound of a heavy rainstorm can be heard.”

42So Ahab went on up to eat and drink, while Elijah climbed to the top of Carmel. He bent down toward the ground and put his face between his knees.

43He told his servant, “Go on up and look in the direction of the sea.” So he went on up, looked, and reported, “There is nothing.” Seven times Elijah sent him to look.

44The seventh time the servant said, “Look, a small cloud, the size of the palm of a man’s hand, is rising up from the sea.” Elijah then said, “Go and tell Ahab, ‘Hitch up the chariots and go down, so that the rain won’t overtake you.’”

45Meanwhile the sky was covered with dark clouds, the wind blew, and there was a heavy rainstorm. Ahab rode toward Jezreel.

46Now the Lord energized Elijah with power; he tucked his robe into his belt and ran ahead of Ahab all the way to Jezreel.

1After many days, Yahweh’s word came to Elijah, in the third year, saying, “Go, show yourself to Ahab; and I will send rain on the earth.”

2Elijah went to show himself to Ahab. The famine was severe in Samaria.

3Ahab called Obadiah, who was over the household. (Now Obadiah feared Yahweh greatly;

4for when Jezebel cut off Yahweh’s prophets, Obadiah took one hundred prophets, and hid them by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water.)

5Ahab said to Obadiah, “Go through the land, to all the springs of water, and to all the brooks. Perhaps we may find grass and save the horses and mules alive, that we not lose all the animals.”

6So they divided the land between them to pass throughout it. Ahab went one way by himself, and Obadiah went another way by himself.

7As Obadiah was on the way, behold, Elijah met him. He recognized him, and fell on his face, and said, “Is it you, my lord Elijah?”

8He answered him, “It is I. Go, tell your lord, ‘Behold, Elijah is here!’”

9He said, “How have I sinned, that you would deliver your servant into the hand of Ahab, to kill me?

10As Yahweh your God lives, there is no nation or kingdom where my lord has not sent to seek you. When they said, ‘He is not here,’ he took an oath of the kingdom and nation, that they didn’t find you.

11Now you say, ‘Go, tell your lord, “Behold, Elijah is here.”’

12It will happen, as soon as I leave you, that Yahweh’s Spirit will carry you I don’t know where; and so when I come and tell Ahab, and he can’t find you, he will kill me. But I, your servant, have feared Yahweh from my youth.

13Wasn’t it told my lord what I did when Jezebel killed Yahweh’s prophets, how I hid one hundred men of Yahweh’s prophets with fifty to a cave, and fed them with bread and water?

14Now you say, ‘Go, tell your lord, “Behold, Elijah is here”.’ He will kill me.”

15Elijah said, “As Yahweh of Armies lives, before whom I stand, I will surely show myself to him today.”

16So Obadiah went to meet Ahab, and told him; and Ahab went to meet Elijah.

17When Ahab saw Elijah, Ahab said to him, “Is that you, you troubler of Israel?”

18He answered, “I have not troubled Israel; but you, and your father’s house, in that you have forsaken Yahweh’s commandments, and you have followed the Baals.

19Now therefore send, and gather to me all Israel to Mount Carmel, and four hundred fifty of the prophets of Baal, and four hundred of the prophets of the Asherah, who eat at Jezebel’s table.”

20So Ahab sent to all the children of Israel, and gathered the prophets together to Mount Carmel.

21Elijah came near to all the people, and said, “How long will you waver between the two sides? If Yahweh is God, follow him; but if Baal, then follow him.” The people didn’t say a word.

22Then Elijah said to the people, “I, even I only, am left as a prophet of Yahweh; but Baal’s prophets are four hundred fifty men.

23Let them therefore give us two bulls; and let them choose one bull for themselves, and cut it in pieces, and lay it on the wood, and put no fire under; and I will dress the other bull, and lay it on the wood, and put no fire under it.

24You call on the name of your god, and I will call on Yahweh’s name. The God who answers by fire, let him be God.” All the people answered, “What you say is good.”

25Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, “Choose one bull for yourselves, and dress it first; for you are many; and call on the name of your god, but put no fire under it.”

26They took the bull which was given them, and they dressed it, and called on the name of Baal from morning even until noon, saying, “Baal, hear us!” But there was no voice, and nobody answered. They leaped about the altar which was made.

27At noon, Elijah mocked them, and said, “Cry aloud; for he is a god. Either he is deep in thought, or he has gone somewhere, or he is on a journey, or perhaps he sleeps and must be awakened.”

28They cried aloud, and cut themselves in their way with knives and lances, until the blood gushed out on them.

29When midday was past, they prophesied until the time of the evening offering; but there was no voice, no answer, and nobody paid attention.

30Elijah said to all the people, “Come near to me!”; and all the people came near to him. He repaired Yahweh’s altar that had been thrown down.

31Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, to whom Yahweh’s word came, saying, “Israel shall be your name.”

32With the stones he built an altar in Yahweh’s name. He made a trench around the altar, large enough to contain two seahs of seed.

33He put the wood in order, and cut the bull in pieces, and laid it on the wood. He said, “Fill four jars with water, and pour it on the burnt offering, and on the wood.”

34He said, “Do it a second time”; and they did it the second time. He said, “Do it a third time”; and they did it the third time.

35The water ran around the altar; and he also filled the trench with water.

36At the time of the evening offering, Elijah the prophet came near, and said, “Yahweh, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Israel, let it be known today that you are God in Israel, and that I am your servant, and that I have done all these things at your word.

37Hear me, Yahweh, hear me, that this people may know that you, Yahweh, are God, and that you have turned their heart back again.”

38Then Yahweh’s fire fell, and consumed the burnt offering, the wood, the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench.

39When all the people saw it, they fell on their faces. They said, “Yahweh, he is God! Yahweh, he is God!”

40Elijah said to them, “Seize the prophets of Baal! Don’t let one of them escape!” They seized them; and Elijah brought them down to the brook Kishon, and killed them there.

41Elijah said to Ahab, “Get up, eat and drink; for there is the sound of abundance of rain.”

42So Ahab went up to eat and to drink. Elijah went up to the top of Carmel; and he bowed himself down on the earth, and put his face between his knees.

43He said to his servant, “Go up now, and look toward the sea.” He went up, and looked, and said, “There is nothing.” He said, “Go again” seven times.

44On the seventh time, he said, “Behold, a small cloud, like a man’s hand, is rising out of the sea.” He said, “Go up, tell Ahab, ‘Get ready and go down, so that the rain doesn’t stop you.’”

45In a little while, the sky grew black with clouds and wind, and there was a great rain. Ahab rode, and went to Jezreel.

46Yahweh’s hand was on Elijah; and he tucked his cloak into his belt and ran before Ahab to the entrance of Jezreel.

Summary
Authorship & Background
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Summary

Elijah challenges 850 false prophets on Mount Carmel; fire from heaven consumes the sacrifice and the people cry "The LORD, He is God!" The drought ends as Elijah prays and outruns Ahab's chariot to Jezreel.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Jeremiah or a prophetic school. Originally one book with 2 Kings in the Hebrew Bible. Covers approximately 120 years (970-850 BC) — from David's death through Ahaziah's reign. Key themes: the glory and failure of Solomon, the division of the kingdom as judgment for idolatry, the faithfulness of God's prophets (especially Elijah), and the principle that a nation's spiritual health depends on its leaders' faithfulness to God's covenant.
Historical Context: Chapter 18 is the climax of the Elijah narrative and one of the most dramatic confrontations in all of Scripture. Three and a half years have passed since Elijah pronounced drought upon Israel (17:1; cf. James 5:17). The famine is severe — Ahab himself is searching for grass to keep the royal horses alive. Baal was the Canaanite storm god, supposedly the one who sent rain and fertility. The drought itself was God's polemic against Baal: if Baal controls the rain, why has it not rained? The confrontation on Mount Carmel is not merely a contest between prophets — it is a trial. Yahweh and Baal are on trial before Israel, and fire from heaven is the verdict. Mount Carmel rises 1,742 feet above the Mediterranean coast, visible for miles — a natural amphitheater for this cosmic courtroom. The 450 prophets of Baal and 400 prophets of Asherah represent the full institutional weight of state-sponsored idolatry. Elijah stands alone — one man against 850, backed only by the word of God. The chapter moves from confrontation to fire to rain: God vindicates His name, His prophet, and His covenant, then restores what the drought had taken away.
Obadiah and Elijah (vv.1-16): The chapter opens with God's command to Elijah: "Go, shew thyself unto Ahab; and I will send rain." The drought ends not because Israel has repented, but because God sovereignly chooses to act. Obadiah is introduced — a fascinating figure: the governor of Ahab's household who "feared the LORD greatly" (v.3). He had hidden 100 prophets from Jezebel's purge, feeding them at personal risk. Obadiah represents the faithful remnant serving in hostile territory. His fear of being sent to Ahab with Elijah's message reveals the danger: Ahab has searched every nation for Elijah (v.10). Elijah's oath — "As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I stand" — assures Obadiah he will not disappear. When Ahab meets Elijah, his accusation is revealing: "Art thou he that troubleth Israel?" (v.17). The guilty always blame the righteous for the consequences of their own sin. Elijah reverses the charge: "I have not troubled Israel; but thou" (v.18).
The Challenge on Carmel (vv.19-24): Elijah's challenge is brilliantly constructed. He demands all Israel gather — this must be public, undeniable. His question cuts to the heart: "How long halt ye between two opinions?" (v.21). The Hebrew "pasach" means to limp, to hobble — Israel is limping between Yahweh and Baal, unable to walk straight with either. The people's silence is damning — they have no answer because they know their compromise is indefensible. The test is simple and fair: two bulls, two altars, no fire. "The God that answereth by fire, let him be God" (v.24). Fire was associated with both Yahweh (Exodus 3:2; 13:21; 19:18) and Baal (as storm-god, lightning). The contest is on Baal's supposed terms — and he will still fail.
Baal's Failure (vv.25-29): Elijah gives Baal's prophets every advantage: they go first, they are many, they have all day. Their worship escalates from calling (v.26) to frantic leaping to self-mutilation with knives (v.28). Elijah's mockery is savage and deliberate: "Cry aloud: for he is a god; either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth" (v.27). The ESV renders one phrase as "he is relieving himself" — a crude but accurate translation of the Hebrew. Elijah is not merely taunting; he is exposing the absurdity of a god who can be absent, distracted, or asleep. The result after hours of frenzy: "there was neither voice, nor any to answer, nor any that regarded" (v.29). Baal is nothing. Silence is his only response because he does not exist.
Yahweh's Fire (vv.30-40): Elijah's actions are deliberate and symbolic. He repairs the broken altar of the LORD — Israel's worship has been in ruins. He uses twelve stones "according to the number of the tribes" — this is about all Israel, not just the northern kingdom. The name "Israel" is invoked (v.31) — the covenant name, the identity God gave to Jacob. Then Elijah does something extraordinary: he drenches everything with water. Twelve barrels total (four, three times). In a drought, water is precious — this is extravagant faith. It also eliminates any accusation of trickery. His prayer is brief — perhaps 30 seconds compared to hours of Baal worship. He asks for one thing: "that this people may know that thou art the LORD God, and that thou hast turned their heart back again" (v.37). The fire falls and consumes everything — sacrifice, wood, stones, dust, and water. The people's response is immediate: "The LORD, he is the God; the LORD, he is the God" (v.39). The prophets of Baal are executed at the brook Kishon — the penalty for leading Israel into apostasy (Deuteronomy 13:1-5).
The Return of Rain (vv.41-46): With idolatry judged, rain can return. Elijah prays with his face between his knees — a posture of intense intercession. He sends his servant to look seven times before the cloud appears — persistence in prayer. The cloud is "like a man's hand" — small, but enough for faith. The chapter ends with a stunning image: "the hand of the LORD was on Elijah; and he girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab to the entrance of Jezreel" (v.46). Elijah outruns a chariot — approximately 17 miles — by supernatural power. The prophet who called fire now runs in the rain.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem is central — site of Solomon's Temple and royal palace; capital of the united kingdom, then of Judah (southern kingdom) after the division.
  • The kingdom divides after Solomon: Israel (north, capital eventually at Samaria) and Judah (south, capital Jerusalem).
  • Key locations: Gibeon (Solomon's dream, ch.3), Tyre (Hiram's city in Phoenicia, chs.5-7), Mount Carmel (Elijah vs. Baal prophets, ch.18), Zarephath (Sidonian widow, ch.17), Mount Horeb/Sinai (Elijah flees, ch.19), Ramoth-gilead (Ahab's death, ch.22).

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that Elijah's challenge exposes the impossibility of spiritual neutrality. "How long halt you between two opinions?" is not a question about choosing between two equal options — it is an exposure of the absurdity of trying to serve both Yahweh and Baal. Guzik notes that the twelve barrels of water represent Elijah's absolute confidence in God — he made the miracle harder to demonstrate that nothing is too hard for the LORD. The brevity of Elijah's prayer (63 words in Hebrew) versus the hours of Baal worship shows that true prayer depends on the God who hears, not the volume or duration of the one who prays.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "Elijah's God still lives. The fire that fell on Carmel has not been quenched. The same God who answered by fire still answers prayer today. But notice — Elijah did not call fire until he had repaired the altar. Before God will send revival fire, the altar of true worship must be rebuilt. Many cry for fire who have not repaired the altar. They want God's power without God's order. Rebuild the altar first — put away the idols, restore the worship, repair what sin has broken — and then the fire will fall. It always does."

Reflection

  • 1. There is no neutral ground (v.21). "How long halt ye between two opinions?" Spiritual compromise is not balance — it is paralysis. You cannot serve God and maintain allegiance to the world's idols. Every day demands a decision: if the LORD is God, follow Him completely. Half-hearted devotion is no devotion at all. Identify where you are "limping between two opinions" and choose.
  • 2. God's power is displayed in impossible situations (vv.33-38). Elijah poured water on the sacrifice — he made the miracle harder. God does not need favorable conditions to act. In fact, He often waits until conditions are impossible so that His power is undeniable. Stop trying to make things easier for God. Trust Him with the impossible situation, and let His answer leave no doubt about who deserves the glory.
  • 3. Faithful prayer is brief and God-centered (vv.36-37). Elijah's prayer is approximately 63 words. The prophets of Baal screamed for hours. Effective prayer is not measured by length or volume but by the character of the God addressed. Elijah's prayer has one request: that God would be known and that hearts would turn. Align your prayers with God's glory, not your comfort.
  • 4. Persistence in prayer matters (vv.42-44). Elijah prayed seven times before the cloud appeared. The answer was certain — God had promised rain — but Elijah still had to persist. God's promises do not eliminate the need for prayer; they fuel it. When God has spoken, keep praying until you see the cloud, even if it is only the size of a man's hand.
  • 5. Spiritual victory does not guarantee emotional stability (v.46 to 19:4). Elijah runs supernaturally after Carmel — then flees in terror from Jezebel in the very next chapter. Mountain-top experiences do not immunize against valley despair. Be watchful after great victories. The enemy often attacks hardest after God has moved most powerfully. Guard your soul in the aftermath of triumph.