1 Kings — Chapter 5

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1And Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon; for he had heard that they had anointed him king in the room of his father: for Hiram was ever a lover of David.

2And Solomon sent to Hiram, saying,

3Thou knowest how that David my father could not build an house unto the name of the LORD his God for the wars which were about him on every side, until the LORD put them under the soles of his feet.

4But now the LORD my God hath given me rest on every side, so that there is neither adversary nor evil occurrent.

5And, behold, I purpose to build an house unto the name of the LORD my God, as the LORD spake unto David my father, saying, Thy son, whom I will set upon thy throne in thy room, he shall build an house unto my name.

6Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants: and unto thee will I give hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt appoint: for thou knowest that there is not among us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Sidonians.

7And it came to pass, when Hiram heard the words of Solomon, that he rejoiced greatly, and said, Blessed be the LORD this day, which hath given unto David a wise son over this great people.

8And Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, I have considered the things which thou sentest to me for: and I will do all thy desire concerning timber of cedar, and concerning timber of fir.

9My servants shall bring them down from Lebanon unto the sea: and I will convey them by sea in floats unto the place that thou shalt appoint me, and will cause them to be discharged there, and thou shalt receive them: and thou shalt accomplish my desire, in giving food for my household.

10So Hiram gave Solomon cedar trees and fir trees according to all his desire.

11And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat for food to his household, and twenty measures of pure oil: thus gave Solomon to Hiram year by year.

12And the LORD gave Solomon wisdom, as he promised him: and there was peace between Hiram and Solomon; and they two made a league together.

13And king Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel; and the levy was thirty thousand men.

14And he sent them to Lebanon ten thousand a month by courses: a month they were in Lebanon, and two months at home: and Adoniram was over the levy.

15And Solomon had threescore and ten thousand that bare burdens, and fourscore thousand hewers in the mountains;

16Beside the chief of Solomon’s officers which were over the work, three thousand and three hundred, which ruled over the people that wrought in the work.

17And the king commanded, and they brought great stones, costly stones, and hewed stones, to lay the foundation of the house.

18And Solomon’s builders and Hiram’s builders did hew them, and the stonesquarers: so they prepared timber and stones to build the house.

1And Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon; for he had heard that they had anointed him king in the room of his father: for Hiram was ever a lover of David.

2And Solomon sent to Hiram, saying,

3Thou knowest how that David my father could not build a house for the name of Jehovah his God for the wars which were about him on every side, until Jehovah put them under the soles of his feet.

4But now Jehovah my God hath given me rest on every side; there is neither adversary, nor evil occurrence.

5And, behold, I purpose to build a house for the name of Jehovah my God, as Jehovah spake unto David my father, saying, Thy son, whom I will set upon thy throne in thy room, he shall build the house for my name.

6Now therefore command thou that they cut me cedar-trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants; and I will give thee hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt say: for thou knowest that there is not among us any that knoweth how to cut timber like unto the Sidonians.

7And it came to pass, when Hiram heard the words of Solomon, that he rejoiced greatly, and said, Blessed be Jehovah this day, who hath given unto David a wise son over this great people.

8And Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, I have heard [the message] which thou hast sent unto me: I will do all thy desire concerning timber of cedar, and concerning timber of fir.

9My servants shall bring them down from Lebanon unto the sea; and I will make them into rafts to go by sea unto the place that thou shalt appoint me, and will cause them to be broken up there, and thou shalt receive them; and thou shalt accomplish my desire, in giving food for my household.

10So Hiram gave Solomon timber of cedar and timber of fir according to all his desire.

11And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat for food to his household, and twenty measures of pure oil: thus gave Solomon to Hiram year by year.

12And Jehovah gave Solomon wisdom, as he promised him; and there was peace between Hiram and Solomon; and they two made a league together.

13And king Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel; and the levy was thirty thousand men.

14And he sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month by courses; a month they were in Lebanon, and two months at home; and Adoniram was over the men subject to taskwork.

15And Solomon had threescore and ten thousand that bare burdens, and fourscore thousand that were hewers in the mountains;

16besides Solomon`s chief officers that were over the work, three thousand and three hundred, who bare rule over the people that wrought in the work.

17And the king commanded, and they hewed out great stones, costly stones, to lay the foundation of the house with wrought stone.

18And Solomon`s builders and Hiram`s builders and the Gebalites did fashion them, and prepared the timber and the stones to build the house.

1(5:15) King Hiram of Tyre sent messengers to Solomon when he heard that he had been anointed king in his father’s place. (Hiram had always been an ally of David.)

2Solomon then sent this message to Hiram:

3“You know that my father David was unable to build a temple to honor the Lord his God, for he was busy fighting battles on all fronts while the Lord subdued his enemies.

4But now the Lord my God has made me secure on all fronts; there is no adversary or dangerous threat.

5So I have decided to build a temple to honor the Lord my God, as the Lord instructed my father David, ‘Your son, whom I will put on your throne in your place, is the one who will build a temple to honor me.’

6So now order some cedars of Lebanon to be cut for me. My servants will work with your servants. I will pay your servants whatever you say is appropriate, for you know that we have no one among us who knows how to cut down trees like the Sidonians.”

7When Hiram heard Solomon’s message, he was very happy. He said, “The Lord is worthy of praise today because he has given David a wise son to rule over this great nation.”

8Hiram then sent this message to Solomon: “I received the message you sent to me. I will give you all the cedars and evergreens you need.

9My servants will bring the timber down from Lebanon to the sea. I will send it by sea in raft-like bundles to the place you designate. There I will separate the logs and you can carry them away. In exchange you will supply the food I need for my royal court.”

10So Hiram supplied the cedars and evergreens Solomon needed,

11and Solomon supplied Hiram annually with 20,000 cors of wheat as provision for his royal court, as well as 120,000 gallons of pure olive oil.

12So the Lord gave Solomon wisdom, as he had promised him. And Hiram and Solomon were at peace and made a treaty.

13King Solomon conscripted work crews from throughout Israel, 30,000 men in all.

14He sent them to Lebanon in shifts of 10,000 men per month. They worked in Lebanon for one month, and then spent two months at home. Adoniram was supervisor of the work crews.

15Solomon also had 70,000 common laborers and 80,000 stonecutters in the hills,

16besides 3,300 officials who supervised the workers.

17By royal order they supplied large valuable stones in order to build the temple’s foundation with chiseled stone.

18Solomon’s and Hiram’s construction workers, along with men from Byblos, did the chiseling and prepared the wood and stones for the building of the temple.

1Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants to Solomon; for he had heard that they had anointed him king in the place of his father, and Hiram had always loved David.

2Solomon sent to Hiram, saying,

3“You know that David my father could not build a house for the name of Yahweh his God because of the wars which were around him on every side, until Yahweh put his enemies under the soles of his feet.

4But now Yahweh my God has given me rest on every side. There is no enemy and no evil occurrence.

5Behold, I intend to build a house for the name of Yahweh my God, as Yahweh spoke to David my father, saying, ‘Your son, whom I will set on your throne in your place shall build the house for my name.’

6Now therefore command that cedar trees be cut for me out of Lebanon. My servants will be with your servants; and I will give you wages for your servants according to all that you say. For you know that there is nobody among us who knows how to cut timber like the Sidonians.”

7When Hiram heard the words of Solomon, he rejoiced greatly, and said, “Blessed is Yahweh today, who has given to David a wise son to rule over this great people.”

8Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, “I have heard the message which you have sent to me. I will do all your desire concerning timber of cedar, and concerning cypress timber.

9My servants will bring them down from Lebanon to the sea. I will make them into rafts to go by sea to the place that you specify to me, and will cause them to be broken up there, and you will receive them. You will accomplish my desire, in giving food for my household.”

10So Hiram gave Solomon cedar timber and cypress timber according to all his desire.

11Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand cors of wheat for food to his household, and twenty cors of pure oil. Solomon gave this to Hiram year by year.

12Yahweh gave Solomon wisdom, as he promised him. There was peace between Hiram and Solomon, and the two of them made a treaty together.

13King Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel; and the levy was thirty thousand men.

14He sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month by courses; for a month they were in Lebanon, and two months at home; and Adoniram was over the men subject to forced labor.

15Solomon had seventy thousand who bore burdens, and eighty thousand who were stone cutters in the mountains;

16besides Solomon’s chief officers who were over the work, three thousand and three hundred, who ruled over the people who labored in the work.

17The king commanded, and they cut out large stones, costly stones, to lay the foundation of the house with worked stone.

18Solomon’s builders and Hiram’s builders and the Gebalites cut them, and prepared the timber and the stones to build the house.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Solomon contracts with Hiram of Tyre for cedar and cypress timber to build the temple. Thirty thousand laborers are conscripted in shifts, and massive foundation stones are quarried and prepared.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Jeremiah or a prophetic school. Originally one book with 2 Kings in the Hebrew Bible. Covers approximately 120 years (970-850 BC) — from David's death through Ahaziah's reign. Key themes: the glory and failure of Solomon, the division of the kingdom as judgment for idolatry, the faithfulness of God's prophets (especially Elijah), and the principle that a nation's spiritual health depends on its leaders' faithfulness to God's covenant.
Historical Context: Chapter 5 begins the Temple narrative — the central achievement of Solomon's reign and the theological heart of 1 Kings. David had desired to build God's house but was forbidden because he was "a man of war" (1 Chronicles 28:3). Solomon, whose name means "peace" (from "shalom"), is the designated builder. The chapter records the diplomatic and logistical preparations: the alliance with Hiram of Tyre for materials, and the conscription of labor forces. Tyre was the dominant Phoenician city-state, renowned for its cedar forests, skilled craftsmen, and maritime trade. Hiram had been David's ally (2 Samuel 5:11) and now extends that relationship to Solomon. The cedars of Lebanon were the finest building material in the ancient Near East — fragrant, durable, and resistant to insects. Their use for God's house signified that only the best was acceptable for divine worship. The massive labor force (30,000 conscripted Israelites plus 150,000 burden-bearers and stonecutters) reveals both the scale of the project and the cost to the nation. This chapter shows that building God's house requires both divine calling and human effort — supernatural purpose accomplished through natural means.
The Alliance with Hiram (vv.1-12): Hiram initiates contact — sending servants to congratulate Solomon. Solomon's response is theological: David could not build because of wars; now God has given "rest on every side" (v.4). The Hebrew "menucha" (rest) is the same word used for the Promised Land's rest (Deuteronomy 12:10) and the Temple's purpose (Psalm 132:8, 14). Peace is the precondition for building God's dwelling. Solomon's request is specific: cedar timber and skilled woodcutters ("there is not among us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Sidonians," v.6). Hiram's response is enthusiastic — he praises Yahweh (v.7), suggesting either genuine respect for Israel's God or diplomatic courtesy. The agreement is mutually beneficial: Tyre provides timber; Israel provides food (20,000 cors of wheat and 20,000 cors of oil annually). The chapter emphasizes that "the LORD gave Solomon wisdom" (v.12) — even this diplomatic success is attributed to God's gift.
The Labor Force (vv.13-18): Solomon conscripts 30,000 Israelites for Lebanon duty — rotating 10,000 per month (one month working, two months home). Additionally, 70,000 burden-bearers and 80,000 stonecutters work in the hill country, supervised by 3,300 officers. Total workforce: approximately 183,300 men. This is an enormous national mobilization. The rotation system shows some consideration for the workers, but the scale of forced labor will become a grievance. Adoniram (the same official from 4:6) oversees the conscription — and will be stoned to death when the people revolt in chapter 12. The foundation stones are "great stones, costly stones, and hewed stones" (v.17) — precision-cut blocks for the Temple's foundation. Everything about this project communicates: God deserves the best, and building for God requires sacrifice.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem is central — site of Solomon's Temple and royal palace; capital of the united kingdom, then of Judah (southern kingdom) after the division.
  • The kingdom divides after Solomon: Israel (north, capital eventually at Samaria) and Judah (south, capital Jerusalem).
  • Key locations: Gibeon (Solomon's dream, ch.3), Tyre (Hiram's city in Phoenicia, chs.5-7), Mount Carmel (Elijah vs. Baal prophets, ch.18), Zarephath (Sidonian widow, ch.17), Mount Horeb/Sinai (Elijah flees, ch.19), Ramoth-gilead (Ahab's death, ch.22).

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that Solomon's alliance with Hiram shows wisdom in action — using available resources and expertise rather than insisting on doing everything independently. He also notes the tension between the glory of the Temple project and the burden of forced labor. Building for God should not oppress God's people. The chapter reveals that even righteous projects can be accomplished through unjust means.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "Solomon said, 'The LORD my God has given me rest on every side.' Rest is the soil in which worship grows. You cannot build a temple while fighting a war. Many believers wonder why they cannot grow spiritually — perhaps it is because they have not yet received God's rest. Cease from your own battles. Let God put your enemies under your feet. Then, in the peace He gives, build the house of prayer and praise that He deserves."

Reflection

  • 1. God's work requires God's timing (vv.3-4). David wanted to build but couldn't — the time wasn't right. Solomon built because God had given rest. We often want to rush God's projects. But some things cannot be built during seasons of war and conflict. Wait for God's rest before attempting God's work. Forced timing produces forced results.
  • 2. Excellence in God's service may require outside help (v.6). Solomon freely admitted: "there is not among us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Sidonians." He didn't let pride prevent him from seeking expertise. In building for God, use the best resources and skills available — even if they come from unexpected sources. Humility about our limitations honors God more than stubborn independence.
  • 3. Building for God costs something (vv.13-15). The Temple required 183,300 workers, years of labor, and enormous resources. Worship that costs nothing is worth nothing (cf. 2 Samuel 24:24: "I will not offer burnt offerings unto the LORD my God of that which doth cost me nothing"). What are you willing to sacrifice to build something lasting for God?
  • 4. Wisdom produces peace, and peace enables building (v.12). The sequence matters: God gives wisdom → wisdom produces peace → peace enables construction. If your life is characterized by constant conflict, ask whether you're applying God's wisdom to your relationships. Peace is not passive — it is the active fruit of wisdom applied.
  • 5. Even righteous projects can burden people unjustly (v.13). The Temple was God's will. But the forced labor that built it created resentment that eventually destroyed the kingdom. The end does not always justify the means. How we accomplish God's work matters as much as what we accomplish. Leaders must count the cost to others, not just the glory of the result.