Ecclesiastes — Chapter 6

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1There is another evil I have seen under the sun, and it weighs heavily upon mankind:

2God gives a man riches, wealth, and honor, so that he lacks nothing his heart desires; but God does not allow him to enjoy them. Instead, a stranger will enjoy them. This is futile and a grievous affliction.

3A man may father a hundred children and live for many years; yet no matter how long he lives, if he is unsatisfied with his prosperity and does not even receive a proper burial, I say that a stillborn child is better off than he.

4For a stillborn child enters in futility and departs in darkness, and his name is shrouded in obscurity.

5The child, though neither seeing the sun nor knowing anything, has more rest than that man,

6even if he lives a thousand years twice over but fails to enjoy his prosperity. Do not all go to the same place?

7All a man’s labor is for his mouth, yet his appetite is never satisfied.

8What advantage, then, has the wise man over the fool? What gain comes to the poor man who knows how to conduct himself before others?

9Better what the eye can see than the wandering of desire. This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind.

10Whatever exists was named long ago, and it is known what man is; but he cannot contend with one stronger than he.

11For the more words, the more futility—and how does that profit anyone?

12For who knows what is good for a man during the few days in which he passes through his fleeting life like a shadow? Who can tell a man what will come after him under the sun?

1There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is common among men:

2A man to whom God hath given riches, wealth, and honour, so that he wanteth nothing for his soul of all that he desireth, yet God giveth him not power to eat thereof, but a stranger eateth it: this is vanity, and it is an evil disease.

3If a man beget an hundred children, and live many years, so that the days of his years be many, and his soul be not filled with good, and also that he have no burial; I say, that an untimely birth is better than he.

4For he cometh in with vanity, and departeth in darkness, and his name shall be covered with darkness.

5Moreover he hath not seen the sun, nor known any thing: this hath more rest than the other.

6Yea, though he live a thousand years twice told, yet hath he seen no good: do not all go to one place?

7All the labour of man is for his mouth, and yet the appetite is not filled.

8For what hath the wise more than the fool? what hath the poor, that knoweth to walk before the living?

9Better is the sight of the eyes than the wandering of the desire: this is also vanity and vexation of spirit.

10That which hath been is named already, and it is known that it is man: neither may he contend with him that is mightier than he.

11Seeing there be many things that increase vanity, what is man the better?

12For who knoweth what is good for man in this life, all the days of his vain life which he spendeth as a shadow? for who can tell a man what shall be after him under the sun?

1There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is heavy upon men:

2a man to whom God giveth riches, wealth, and honor, so that he lacketh nothing for his soul of all that he desireth, yet God giveth him not power to eat thereof, but an alien eateth it; this is vanity, and it is an evil disease.

3If a man beget a hundred children, and live many years, so that the days of his years are many, but his soul be not filled with good, and moreover he have no burial; I say, that an untimely birth is better than he:

4for it cometh in vanity, and departeth in darkness, and the name thereof is covered with darkness;

5moreover it hath not seen the sun nor known it; this hath rest rather than the other:

6yea, though he live a thousand years twice told, and yet enjoy no good, do not all go to one place?

7All the labor of man is for his mouth, and yet the appetite is not filled.

8For what advantage hath the wise more than the fool? [or] what hath the poor man, that knoweth how to walk before the living?

9Better is the sight of the eyes than the wandering of the desire: this also is vanity and a striving after wind.

10Whatsoever hath been, the name thereof was given long ago; and it is know what man is; neither can he contend with him that is mightier than he.

11Seeing there are many things that increase vanity, what is man the better?

12For who knoweth what is good for man in [his] life, all the days of his vain life which he spendeth as a shadow? for who can tell a man what shall be after him under the sun?

1Here is another misfortune that I have seen on earth, and it weighs heavily on people:

2God gives a man riches, property, and wealth so that he lacks nothing that his heart desires, yet God does not enable him to enjoy the fruit of his labor— instead, someone else enjoys it! This is fruitless and a grave misfortune.

3Even if a man fathers a hundred children and lives many years, even if he lives a long, long time, but cannot enjoy his prosperity— even if he were to live forever— I would say, “A stillborn child is better off than he is.”

4Though the stillborn child came into the world for no reason and departed into darkness, though its name is shrouded in darkness,

5though it never saw the light of day nor knew anything, yet it has more rest than that man—

6if he should live a thousand years twice, yet does not enjoy his prosperity. For both of them die!

7All man’s labor is for nothing more than to fill his stomach— yet his appetite is never satisfied!

8So what advantage does a wise man have over a fool? And what advantage does a pauper gain by knowing how to survive?

9It is better to be content with what the eyes can see than for one’s heart always to crave more. This continual longing is futile—like chasing the wind.

10Whatever has happened was foreordained, and what happens to a person was also foreknown. It is useless for him to argue with God about his fate because God is more powerful than he is.

11The more one argues with words, the less he accomplishes. How does that benefit him?

12For no one knows what is best for a person during his life— during the few days of his fleeting life— for they pass away like a shadow. Nor can anyone tell him what the future will hold for him on earth.

1There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is heavy on men:

2a man to whom God gives riches, wealth, and honor, so that he lacks nothing for his soul of all that he desires, yet God gives him no power to eat of it, but an alien eats it. This is vanity, and it is an evil disease.

3If a man fathers a hundred children, and lives many years, so that the days of his years are many, but his soul is not filled with good, and moreover he has no burial; I say, that a stillborn child is better than he:

4for it comes in vanity, and departs in darkness, and its name is covered with darkness.

5Moreover it has not seen the sun nor known it. This has rest rather than the other.

6Yes, though he live a thousand years twice told, and yet fails to enjoy good, don’t all go to one place?

7All the labor of man is for his mouth, and yet the appetite is not filled.

8For what advantage has the wise more than the fool? What has the poor man, that knows how to walk before the living?

9Better is the sight of the eyes than the wandering of the desire. This also is vanity and a chasing after wind.

10Whatever has been, its name was given long ago; and it is known what man is; neither can he contend with him who is mightier than he.

11For there are many words that create vanity. What does that profit man?

12For who knows what is good for man in life, all the days of his vain life which he spends like a shadow? For who can tell a man what will be after him under the sun?

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

The Preacher identifies a painful evil: God may give a person riches, wealth, and honor lacking nothing they desire, yet withhold the ability to enjoy it, so a stranger ends up consuming it instead (vv. 1-2). He declares that even a man who fathers a hundred children and lives many years is worse off than a stillborn child if his soul finds no satisfaction and he receives no proper burial, since the stillborn at least finds rest (vv. 3-6). He observes that all human labor is ultimately for the mouth, yet appetite is never filled, and that the wise gain no lasting advantage over the fool since both share the same fate (vv. 7-9). He closes by noting that what happens has already been determined and named, no one can contend with one mightier than themselves, and no one truly knows what is good for a person during their fleeting, shadow-like life or what will follow after them (vv. 10-12).

Authorship & Background

Author: 'The Preacher' (Qoheleth), traditionally identified as Solomon. Written late in life as a reflection on life's meaning. Hebrew title: 'Qoheleth' — 'The Assembler/Preacher.'
Classification: Wisdom Literature
Key Themes: Wealth held without the capacity to enjoy it, a stillborn child called better off, appetite that outruns supply, and the question of who knows what is good left open
Historical Context: Chapter 6 continues and deepens the meditation on wealth's inability to satisfy. Where chapter 5 ended with the gift of enjoyment, chapter 6 presents its dark counterpart: the curse of having everything yet being unable to enjoy it. The Preacher describes a man whom God gives riches, wealth, and honor — "so that he wanteth nothing" — yet God does not give him the power to enjoy it (v.2). A stranger consumes his wealth instead. This is described as "an evil disease" — a sickness of the soul. The chapter's most shocking statement: a stillborn child is better off than such a man (v.3), because at least the stillborn finds rest. Chapter 6 marks the approximate midpoint of Ecclesiastes and closes the first half of the book. The repeated question "who knoweth what is good for man?" (v.12) transitions to the second half, which will attempt to answer that very question with practical wisdom.
Wealth Without Enjoyment (vv.1-6): The evil described is specific and modern: a man given riches, wealth and honour who lacks nothing he desires, and God does not give him power to enjoy it, so a stranger eats it. The chapter says a stillborn child is better off, and argues it — the child never saw the sun and has rest, while this man lived long and found no good. Longevity without enjoyment is counted as loss rather than gain.
The Insatiability of Desire (vv.7-9): All a man's labour is for his mouth, and yet the appetite is not filled. The wise have no advantage over the fool here, since hunger does not respect wisdom. Verse 9's counsel is characteristically modest: better is the sight of the eyes than the wandering of the desire — what is in front of you rather than what you are reaching for.
Who Knows What Is Good? (vv.10-12): The chapter ends on limits. Whatever exists has already been named, and a man cannot contend with one mightier than he. Then the question the second half of the book keeps returning to: who knoweth what is good for man in this life? Nobody can tell him what shall be after him under the sun. The ignorance is not remedied, and the following chapters give counsel inside it rather than resolving it.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik observes that chapter 6 is the "dark twin" of chapter 5's enjoyment passage. Having wealth is one thing; the ability to enjoy it is another entirely — and the second is wholly in God's hands. The comparison to a stillborn (v.3) is deliberately extreme: Solomon forces us to confront that length of life and material abundance mean nothing without the God-given capacity for contentment. Verse 12 closes the first half of the book with an honest confession: we do not know what is truly good for us — only God does.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Ecclesiastes 4-6 - Unsatisfying Wealth
David Guzik

Ecclesiastes 3:16-6:11 | To Dust We Will Return | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Ecclesiastes 6:10-11:10 | The Cursed World | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Ecclesiastes -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • When Having Everything Isn't Enough (v.2) — God gives a man riches, wealth, and honor so that he lacks nothing, yet withholds the power to enjoy any of it, and a stranger ends up consuming it instead. Have you ever chased provision while quietly missing the ability to actually enjoy what you already had?
  • A Life Long on Years, Short on Joy (v.3) — Even a man who lives many years and has many children is called worse off than a stillborn infant if his soul never finds satisfaction. Are you measuring your life by its length, or by whether it's actually good?
  • An Appetite That Resets Every Day (v.7) — All of a person's labor is for their mouth, yet the appetite is never fully satisfied. What are you still working so hard to fill that keeps coming up empty by tomorrow?
  • Wanting What's in Front of You (v.9) — What the eyes can already see is called better than the restless wandering of desire for something else. Where is your longing for "more" keeping you from noticing what's already yours?
  • Admitting You Don't Know What's Good for You (v.12) — The Preacher asks who really knows what is good for a person during their few, fleeting days. Can you surrender your own plans to God rather than insisting you know better than He does what your life should look like?