Ecclesiastes — Chapter 8
Loading ESV text...
1Who is like the wise man? Who knows the interpretation of a matter? A man’s wisdom brightens his face, and the sternness of his face is changed.
2Keep the king’s command, I say, because of your oath before God.
3Do not hasten to leave his presence, and do not persist in a bad cause, for he will do whatever he pleases.
4For the king’s word is supreme, and who can say to him, “What are you doing?”
5Whoever keeps his command will come to no harm, and a wise heart knows the right time and procedure.
6For there is a right time and procedure to every purpose, though a man’s misery weighs heavily upon him.
7Since no one knows what will happen, who can tell him what is to come?
8As no man has power over the wind to contain it, so no one has authority over his day of death. As no one can be discharged in wartime, so wickedness will not release those who practice it.
9All this I have seen, applying my mind to every deed that is done under the sun; there is a time when one man lords it over another to his own detriment.
10Then too, I saw the burial of the wicked who used to go in and out of the holy place, and they were praised in the city where they had done so. This too is futile.
11When the sentence for a crime is not speedily executed, the hearts of men become fully set on doing evil.
12Although a sinner does evil a hundred times and still lives long, yet I also know that it will go well with those who fear God, who are reverent in His presence.
13Yet because the wicked do not fear God, it will not go well with them, and their days will not lengthen like a shadow.
14There is a futility that is done on the earth: There are righteous men who get what the actions of the wicked deserve, and there are wicked men who get what the actions of the righteous deserve. I say that this too is futile.
15So I commended the enjoyment of life, because there is nothing better for a man under the sun than to eat and drink and be merry. For this joy will accompany him in his labor during the days of his life that God gives him under the sun.
16When I applied my mind to know wisdom and to observe the task that one performs on the earth—though his eyes do not see sleep in the day or even in the night—
17I saw every work of God, and that a man is unable to comprehend the work that is done under the sun. Despite his efforts to search it out, he cannot find its meaning; even if the wise man claims to know, he is unable to comprehend.
1Who is as the wise man? and who knoweth the interpretation of a thing? a man’s wisdom maketh his face to shine, and the boldness of his face shall be changed.
2I counsel thee to keep the king’s commandment, and that in regard of the oath of God.
3Be not hasty to go out of his sight: stand not in an evil thing; for he doeth whatsoever pleaseth him.
4Where the word of a king is, there is power: and who may say unto him, What doest thou?
5Whoso keepeth the commandment shall feel no evil thing: and a wise man’s heart discerneth both time and judgment.
6Because to every purpose there is time and judgment, therefore the misery of man is great upon him.
7For he knoweth not that which shall be: for who can tell him when it shall be?
8There is no man that hath power over the spirit to retain the spirit; neither hath he power in the day of death: and there is no discharge in that war; neither shall wickedness deliver those that are given to it.
9All this have I seen, and applied my heart unto every work that is done under the sun: there is a time wherein one man ruleth over another to his own hurt.
10And so I saw the wicked buried, who had come and gone from the place of the holy, and they were forgotten in the city where they had so done: this is also vanity.
11Because sentence against an evil work is not executed speedily, therefore the heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to do evil.
12Though a sinner do evil an hundred times, and his days be prolonged, yet surely I know that it shall be well with them that fear God, which fear before him:
13But it shall not be well with the wicked, neither shall he prolong his days, which are as a shadow; because he feareth not before God.
14There is a vanity which is done upon the earth; that there be just men, unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wicked; again, there be wicked men, to whom it happeneth according to the work of the righteous: I said that this also is vanity.
15Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abide with him of his labour the days of his life, which God giveth him under the sun.
16When I applied mine heart to know wisdom, and to see the business that is done upon the earth: (for also there is that neither day nor night seeth sleep with his eyes:)
17Then I beheld all the work of God, that a man cannot find out the work that is done under the sun: because though a man labour to seek it out, yet he shall not find it; yea further; though a wise man think to know it, yet shall he not be able to find it.
1Who is as the wise man? and who knoweth the interpretation of a thing? A man`s wisdom maketh his face to shine, and the hardness of his face is changed.
2I [counsel thee], Keep the king`s command, and that in regard of the oath of God.
3Be not hasty to go out of his presence; persist not in an evil thing: for he doeth whatsoever pleaseth him.
4For the king`s word [hath] power; and who may say unto him, What doest thou?
5Whoso keepeth the commandment shall know no evil thing; and a wise man`s heart discerneth time and judgment:
6for to every purpose there is a time and judgment; because the misery of man is great upon him:
7for he knoweth not that which shall be; for who can tell him how it shall be?
8There is no man that hath power over the spirit to retain the spirit; neither hath he power over the day of death; and there is no discharge in war: neither shall wickedness deliver him that is given to it.
9All this have I seen, and applied my heart unto every work that is done under the sun: [there is] a time wherein one man hath power over another to his hurt.
10So I saw the wicked buried, and they came [to the grave]; and they that had done right went away from the holy place, and were forgotten in the city: this also is vanity.
11Because sentence against an evil work is not executed speedily, therefore the heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to do evil.
12Though a sinner do evil a hundred times, and prolong his [days], yet surely I know that it shall be well with them that fear God, that fear before him:
13but it shall not be well with the wicked, neither shall he prolong [his] days, [which are] as a shadow; because he feareth not before God.
14There is a vanity which is done upon the earth, that there are righteous men unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wicked; again, there are wicked men to whom it happeneth according to the work of the righteous: I said that this also is vanity.
15Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be joyful: for that shall abide with him in his labor [all] the days of his life which God hath given him under the sun.
16When I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to see the business that is done upon the earth (for also there is that neither day nor night seeth sleep with his eyes),
17then I beheld all the work of God, that man cannot find out the work that is done under the sun: because however much a man labor to seek it out, yet he shall not find it; yea moreover, though a wise man think to know it, yet shall he not be able to find it.
1Who is a wise person? Who knows the solution to a problem? A person’s wisdom brightens his appearance and softens his harsh countenance.
2Obey the king’s command, because you took an oath before God to be loyal to him.
3Do not rush out of the king’s presence in haste—do not delay when the matter is unpleasant, for he can do whatever he pleases.
4Surely the king’s authority is absolute; no one can say to him, “What are you doing?”
5Whoever obeys his command will not experience harm, and a wise person knows the proper time and procedure.
6For there is a proper time and procedure for every matter, for the oppression of the king is severe upon his victim.
7Surely no one knows the future, and no one can tell another person what will happen.
8Just as no one has power over the wind to restrain it, so no one has power over the day of his death. Just as no one can be discharged during the battle, so wickedness cannot rescue the wicked.
9While applying my mind to everything that happens in this world, I have seen all this: Sometimes one person dominates other people to their harm.
10Not only that, but I have seen the wicked approaching and entering the temple, and as they left the holy temple, they boasted in the city that they had done so. This also is an enigma.
11When a sentence is not executed at once against a crime, the human heart is encouraged to do evil.
12Even though a sinner might commit a hundred crimes and still live a long time, yet I know that it will go well with God-fearing people—for they stand in fear before him.
13But it will not go well with the wicked, nor will they prolong their days like a shadow, because they do not stand in fear before God.
14Here is another enigma that occurs on earth: Sometimes there are righteous people who get what the wicked deserve, and sometimes there are wicked people who get what the righteous deserve. I said, “This also is an enigma.”
15So I recommend the enjoyment of life, for there is nothing better on earth for a person to do except to eat, drink, and enjoy life. So joy will accompany him in his toil during the days of his life that God gives him on earth.
16When I tried to gain wisdom and to observe the activity on earth— even though it prevents anyone from sleeping day or night—
17then I discerned all that God has done: No one really comprehends what happens on earth. Despite all human efforts to discover it, no one can ever grasp it. Even if a wise person claimed that he understood, he would not really comprehend it.
1Who is like the wise man? And who knows the interpretation of a thing? A man’s wisdom makes his face shine, and the hardness of his face is changed.
2I say, “Keep the king’s command!” because of the oath to God.
3Don’t be hasty to go out of his presence. Don’t persist in an evil thing, for he does whatever pleases him,
4for the king’s word is supreme. Who can say to him, “What are you doing?”
5Whoever keeps the commandment shall not come to harm, and his wise heart will know the time and procedure.
6For there is a time and procedure for every purpose, although the misery of man is heavy on him.
7For he doesn’t know that which will be; for who can tell him how it will be?
8There is no man who has power over the spirit to contain the spirit; neither does he have power over the day of death. There is no discharge in war; neither shall wickedness deliver those who practice it.
9All this I have seen, and applied my mind to every work that is done under the sun. There is a time in which one man has power over another to his hurt.
10So I saw the wicked buried. Indeed they came also from holiness. They went and were forgotten in the city where they did this. This also is vanity.
11Because sentence against an evil work is not executed speedily, therefore the heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to do evil.
12Though a sinner commits crimes a hundred times, and lives long, yet surely I know that it will be better with those who fear God, who are reverent before him.
13But it shall not be well with the wicked, neither shall he lengthen days like a shadow; because he doesn’t fear God.
14There is a vanity which is done on the earth, that there are righteous men to whom it happens according to the work of the wicked. Again, there are wicked men to whom it happens according to the work of the righteous. I said that this also is vanity.
15Then I commended mirth, because a man has no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be joyful: for that will accompany him in his labor all the days of his life which God has given him under the sun.
16When I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to see the business that is done on the earth (for also there is that neither day nor night sees sleep with his eyes),
17then I saw all the work of God, that man can’t find out the work that is done under the sun, because however much a man labors to seek it out, yet he won’t find it. Yes even though a wise man thinks he can comprehend it, he won’t be able to find it.
Summary
The Preacher praises wisdom for brightening a person's countenance, then counsels obedience to the king's command since royal authority is absolute and no one can question it (vv. 1-4). He advises that the wise heart knows there is a right time and way to act, even though people cannot know the future or the timing of their own death, and that no one escapes life's ultimate battle (vv. 5-8). He grapples with the troubling fact that the wicked are sometimes honored and forgotten in peace at their burial, and that because judgment on evil is delayed, people's hearts grow bold to do wrong (vv. 9-11). Still, he affirms that ultimately it will go well for those who fear God, and not well for the wicked, even though on earth the righteous sometimes suffer as the wicked prosper and vice versa (vv. 12-14). He closes by commending enjoyment of food, drink, and labor as life's fitting portion, admitting that the full scope of God's work under the sun lies beyond human ability to discover (vv. 15-17).
Authorship & Background
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik highlights v.11 as perhaps the single most important verse for understanding human behavior in the face of God's patience. People sin boldly because consequences are not immediate — they confuse delay with absence. But v.12 represents Solomon's faith breaking through: despite everything he observes, he "knows" (not merely hopes) that it will be well with God-fearers. The chapter models honest faith: acknowledging what you cannot explain while affirming what you know to be true.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Ecclesiastes -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Wisdom for Living Under Imperfect Power (vv.2-5) — The Preacher counsels keeping the king's command and knowing when to speak and when to stay quiet under an authority you didn't choose. How do you handle authority you disagree with without either exploding at it or worshiping it?
- When Consequences Don't Come Quickly (v.11) — Because sentence against wrongdoing isn't carried out right away, people grow bold enough to keep doing it. Where has delayed consequence made you, or someone you know, mistake God's patience for His indifference?
- Trusting What You Can't Yet See Proven (v.12) — Despite all the confusing evidence around him, the Preacher still affirms that it will go well for those who fear God. What do you know to be true about God's character that you need to hold onto even when circumstances seem to argue otherwise?
- Joy That Doesn't Wait for Answers (v.15) — He commends simple enjoyment — eating, drinking, finding gladness in labor — as the fitting response to a world he can't fully explain. Are you withholding joy until every mystery in your life gets resolved?
- Making Peace With What You Can't Figure Out (v.17) — He concludes that no one, however hard they search, can fully grasp the work God is doing under the sun. Can you rest in not knowing instead of demanding an explanation for everything?