Ezra — Chapter 6

Loading ESV text...

1Thus King Darius ordered a search of the archives stored in the treasury of Babylon.

2And a scroll was found in the fortress of Ecbatana, in the province of Media, with the following written on it: Memorandum:

3In the first year of King Cyrus, he issued a decree concerning the house of God in Jerusalem: Let the house be rebuilt as a place for offering sacrifices, and let its foundations be firmly laid. It is to be sixty cubits high and sixty cubits wide,

4with three layers of cut stones and one of timbers. The costs are to be paid from the royal treasury.

5Furthermore, the gold and silver articles of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took from the temple in Jerusalem and carried to Babylon, must also be returned to the temple in Jerusalem and deposited in the house of God.

6Therefore Darius decreed: To Tattenai governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and your associates and officials in the region: You must stay away from that place!

7Leave this work on the house of God alone. Let the governor and elders of the Jews rebuild this house of God on its original site.

8I hereby decree what you must do for these elders of the Jews who are rebuilding this house of God: The cost is to be paid in full to these men from the royal treasury out of the taxes of the provinces west of the Euphrates, so that the work will not be hindered.

9Whatever is needed—young bulls, rams, and lambs for burnt offerings to the God of heaven, as well as wheat, salt, wine, and oil, as requested by the priests in Jerusalem—must be given to them daily without fail.

10Then they will be able to offer sacrifices of a sweet aroma to the God of heaven and to pray for the lives of the king and his sons.

11I also decree that if any man interferes with this directive, a beam is to be torn from his house and raised up, and he is to be impaled on it. And his own house shall be made a pile of rubble for this offense.

12May God, who has caused His Name to dwell there, overthrow any king or people who lifts a hand to alter this decree or to destroy this house of God in Jerusalem. I, Darius, have issued the decree. Let it be carried out with diligence.

13In response, Tattenai the governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates diligently carried out what King Darius had decreed.

14So the Jewish elders built and prospered through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah son of Iddo. They finished building according to the command of the God of Israel and the decrees of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes, kings of Persia.

15And this temple was completed on the third day of the month of Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius.

16Then the people of Israel—the priests, the Levites, and the rest of the exiles—celebrated the dedication of the house of God with joy.

17For the dedication of the house of God they offered a hundred bulls, two hundred rams, four hundred lambs, and a sin offering for all Israel of twelve male goats, one for each tribe of Israel.

18They also appointed the priests by their divisions and the Levites by their groups to the service of God in Jerusalem, according to what is written in the Book of Moses.

19On the fourteenth day of the first month, the exiles kept the Passover.

20All the priests and Levites had purified themselves and were ceremonially clean. And the Levites slaughtered the Passover lamb for all the exiles, for their priestly brothers, and for themselves.

21The Israelites who had returned from exile ate it, together with all who had separated themselves from the uncleanness of the peoples of the land to seek the LORD, the God of Israel.

22For seven days they kept the Feast of Unleavened Bread with joy, because the LORD had made them joyful and turned the heart of the king of Assyria toward them to strengthen their hands in the work on the house of the God of Israel.

1Then Darius the king made a decree, and search was made in the house of the rolls, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon.

2And there was found at Achmetha, in the palace that is in the province of the Medes, a roll, and therein was a record thus written:

3In the first year of Cyrus the king the same Cyrus the king made a decree concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, Let the house be builded, the place where they offered sacrifices, and let the foundations thereof be strongly laid; the height thereof threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof threescore cubits;

4With three rows of great stones, and a row of new timber: and let the expences be given out of the king’s house:

5And also let the golden and silver vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took forth out of the temple which is at Jerusalem, and brought unto Babylon, be restored, and brought again unto the temple which is at Jerusalem, every one to his place, and place them in the house of God.

6Now therefore, Tatnai, governor beyond the river, Shethar-boznai, and your companions the Apharsachites, which are beyond the river, be ye far from thence:

7Let the work of this house of God alone; let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews build this house of God in his place.

8Moreover I make a decree what ye shall do to the elders of these Jews for the building of this house of God: that of the king’s goods, even of the tribute beyond the river, forthwith expenses be given unto these men, that they be not hindered.

9And that which they have need of, both young bullocks, and rams, and lambs, for the burnt offerings of the God of heaven, wheat, salt, wine, and oil, according to the appointment of the priests which are at Jerusalem, let it be given them day by day without fail:

10That they may offer sacrifices of sweet savours unto the God of heaven, and pray for the life of the king, and of his sons.

11Also I have made a decree, that whosoever shall alter this word, let timber be pulled down from his house, and being set up, let him be hanged thereon; and let his house be made a dunghill for this.

12And the God that hath caused his name to dwell there destroy all kings and people, that shall put to their hand to alter and to destroy this house of God which is at Jerusalem. I Darius have made a decree; let it be done with speed.

13Then Tatnai, governor on this side the river, Shethar-boznai, and their companions, according to that which Darius the king had sent, so they did speedily.

14And the elders of the Jews builded, and they prospered through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. And they builded, and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the commandment of Cyrus, and Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia.

15And this house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king.

16And the children of Israel, the priests, and the Levites, and the rest of the children of the captivity, kept the dedication of this house of God with joy,

17And offered at the dedication of this house of God an hundred bullocks, two hundred rams, four hundred lambs; and for a sin offering for all Israel, twelve he goats, according to the number of the tribes of Israel.

18And they set the priests in their divisions, and the Levites in their courses, for the service of God, which is at Jerusalem; as it is written in the book of Moses.

19And the children of the captivity kept the passover upon the fourteenth day of the first month.

20For the priests and the Levites were purified together, all of them were pure, and killed the passover for all the children of the captivity, and for their brethren the priests, and for themselves.

21And the children of Israel, which were come again out of captivity, and all such as had separated themselves unto them from the filthiness of the heathen of the land, to seek the LORD God of Israel, did eat,

22And kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with joy: for the LORD had made them joyful, and turned the heart of the king of Assyria unto them, to strengthen their hands in the work of the house of God, the God of Israel.

1Then Darius the king made a decree, and search was made in the house of the archives, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon.

2And there was found at Achmetha, in the palace that is in the province of Media, a roll, and therein was thus written for a record:

3In the first year of Cyrus the king, Cyrus the king made a decree: Concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, let the house be builded, the place where they offer sacrifices, and let the foundations thereof be strongly laid; the height thereof threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof threescore cubits;

4with three courses of great stones, and a course of new timber: and let the expenses be given out of the king`s house.

5And also let the gold and silver vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took forth out of the temple which is at Jerusalem, and brought unto Babylon, be restored, and brought again unto the temple which is at Jerusalem, every one to its place; and thou shalt put them in the house of God.

6Now therefore, Tattenai, governor beyond the River, Shethar-bozenai, and your companions the Apharsachites, who are beyond the River, be ye far from thence:

7let the work of this house of God alone; let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews build this house of God in its place.

8Moreover I make a decree what ye shall do to these elders of the Jews for the building of this house of God: that of the king`s goods, even of the tribute beyond the River, expenses be given with all diligence unto these men, that they be not hindered.

9And that which they have need of, both young bullocks, and rams, and lambs, for burnt-offerings to the God of heaven; [also] wheat, salt, wine, and oil, according to the word of the priests that are at Jerusalem, let it be given them day by day without fail;

10that they may offer sacrifices of sweet savor unto the God of heaven, and pray for the life of the king, and of his sons.

11Also I have made a decree, that whosoever shall alter this word, let a beam be pulled out from his house, and let him be lifted up and fastened thereon; and let his house be made a dunghill for this:

12and the God that hath caused his name to dwell there overthrow all kings and peoples that shall put forth their hand to alter [the same], to destroy this house of God which is at Jerusalem. I Darius have made a decree; let it be done with all diligence.

13Then Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, Shethar-bozenai, and their companions, because that Darius the king had sent, did accordingly with all diligence.

14And the elders of the Jews builded and prospered, through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. And they builded and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the decree of Cyrus, and Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia.

15And this house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king.

16And the children of Israel, the priests, and the Levites, and the rest of the children of the captivity, kept the dedication of this house of God with joy.

17And they offered at the dedication of this house of God a hundred bullocks, two hundred rams, four hundred lambs; and for a sin-offering for all Israel, twelve he-goats, according to the number of the tribes of Israel.

18And they set the priests in their divisions, and the Levites in their courses, for the service of God, which is at Jerusalem; as it is written in the book of Moses.

19And the children of the captivity kept the passover upon the fourteenth [day] of the first month.

20For the priests and the Levites had purified themselves together; all of them were pure: and they killed the passover for all the children of the captivity, and for their brethren the priests, and for themselves.

21And the children of Israel that were come again out of the captivity, and all such as had separated themselves unto them from the filthiness of the nations of the land, to seek Jehovah, the God of Israel, did eat,

22and kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with joy: for Jehovah had made them joyful, and had turned the heart of the king of Assyria unto them, to strengthen their hands in the work of the house of God, the God of Israel.

1So Darius the king issued orders, and they searched in the archives of the treasury which were deposited there in Babylon.

2A scroll was found in the citadel of Ecbatana which is in the province of Media, and it was inscribed as follows:“Memorandum:

3In the first year of his reign, King Cyrus gave orders concerning the temple of God in Jerusalem: ‘Let the temple be rebuilt as a place where sacrifices are offered. Let its foundations be set in place. Its height is to be 90 feet and its width 90 feet,

4with three layers of large stones and one layer of timber. The expense is to be subsidized by the royal treasury.

5Furthermore, let the gold and silver vessels of the temple of God, which Nebuchadnezzar brought from the temple in Jerusalem and carried to Babylon, be returned and brought to their proper place in the temple in Jerusalem. Let them be deposited in the temple of God.’

6“Now Tattenai governor of Trans-Euphrates, Shethar-Bozenai, and their colleagues, the officials of Trans-Euphrates—all of you stay far away from there.

7Leave the work on this temple of God alone. Let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews rebuild this temple of God in its proper place.

8“I also hereby issue orders as to what you are to do with those elders of the Jews in order to rebuild this temple of God. From the royal treasury, from the taxes of Trans-Euphrates, the complete costs are to be given to these men so that there may be no interruption of the work.

9Whatever is needed—whether oxen or rams or lambs for burnt offerings for the God of heaven or wheat or salt or wine or oil, as required by the priests who are in Jerusalem—must be given to them daily without any neglect,

10so that they may be offering incense to the God of heaven and may be praying for the good fortune of the king and his family.

11“I hereby give orders that if anyone changes this directive a beam is to be pulled out from his house and he is to be raised up and impaled on it, and his house is to be reduced to a rubbish heap for this indiscretion.

12May God who makes his name to reside there overthrow any king or nation who reaches out to cause such change so as to destroy this temple of God in Jerusalem. I, Darius, have given orders. Let them be carried out with precision!”

13Then Tattenai governor of Trans-Euphrates, Shethar-Bozenai, and their colleagues acted accordingly—with precision, just as Darius the king had given instructions.

14The elders of the Jews continued building and prospering, while at the same time Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo continued prophesying. They built and brought it to completion by the command of the God of Israel and by the command of Cyrus and Darius and Artaxerxes king of Persia.

15They finished this temple on the third day of the month Adar, which is the sixth year of the reign of King Darius.

16The people of Israel—the priests, the Levites, and the rest of the exiles—observed the dedication of this temple of God with joy.

17For the dedication of this temple of God they offered 100 bulls, 200 rams, 400 lambs, and 12 male goats for the sin of all Israel, according to the number of the tribes of Israel.

18They appointed the priests by their divisions and the Levites by their divisions over the worship of God at Jerusalem, in accord with the book of Moses.

19The exiles observed the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month.

20The priests and the Levites had purified themselves, every last one, and they all were ceremonially pure. They sacrificed the Passover lamb for all the exiles, for their colleagues the priests, and for themselves.

21The Israelites who were returning from the exile ate it, along with all those who had joined them in separating themselves from the uncleanness of the nations of the land to seek the Lord God of Israel.

22They observed the Feast of Unleavened Bread for seven days with joy, for the Lord had given them joy and had changed the opinion of the king of Assyria toward them so that he assisted them in the work on the temple of God, the God of Israel.

1Then Darius the king made a decree, and the house of the archives, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon, was searched.

2A scroll was found at Achmetha, in the palace that is in the province of Media, and in it this was written for a record:

3In the first year of Cyrus the king, Cyrus the king made a decree: Concerning God’s house at Jerusalem, let the house be built, the place where they offer sacrifices, and let its foundations be strongly laid; with its height sixty cubits, and its width sixty cubits;

4with three courses of great stones and a course of new timber. Let the expenses be given out of the king’s house.

5Also let the gold and silver vessels of God’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple which is at Jerusalem, and brought to Babylon, be restored and brought again to the temple which is at Jerusalem, everything to its place. You shall put them in God’s house.

6Now therefore, Tattenai, governor beyond the River, Shetharbozenai, and your companions the Apharsachites, who are beyond the River, you must stay far from there.

7Leave the work of this house of God alone; let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews build this house of God in its place.

8Moreover I make a decree what you shall do for these elders of the Jews for the building of this house of God: that of the king’s goods, even of the tribute beyond the River, expenses must be given with all diligence to these men, that they not be hindered.

9That which they have need of, including young bulls, rams, and lambs, for burnt offerings to the God of heaven; also wheat, salt, wine, and oil, according to the word of the priests who are at Jerusalem, let it be given them day by day without fail;

10that they may offer sacrifices of pleasant aroma to the God of heaven, and pray for the life of the king, and of his sons.

11I have also made a decree that whoever alters this message, let a beam be pulled out from his house, and let him be lifted up and fastened on it; and let his house be made a dunghill for this.

12May the God who has caused his name to dwell there overthrow all kings and peoples who stretch out their hand to alter the same, to destroy this house of God which is at Jerusalem. I Darius have made a decree. Let it be done with all diligence.

13Then Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, Shetharbozenai, and their companions did accordingly with all diligence, because Darius the king had sent a decree.

14The elders of the Jews built and prospered, through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. They built and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the decree of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia.

15This house was finished on the third day of the month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king.

16The children of Israel, the priests, the Levites, and the rest of the children of the captivity, kept the dedication of this house of God with joy.

17They offered at the dedication of this house of God one hundred bulls, two hundred rams, four hundred lambs; and for a sin offering for all Israel, twelve male goats, according to the number of the tribes of Israel.

18They set the priests in their divisions, and the Levites in their courses, for the service of God, which is at Jerusalem, as it is written in the book of Moses.

19The children of the captivity kept the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month.

20Because the priests and the Levites had purified themselves together, all of them were pure. They killed the Passover for all the children of the captivity, for their brothers the priests, and for themselves.

21The children of Israel who had returned out of the captivity, and all who had separated themselves to them from the filthiness of the nations of the land, to seek Yahweh, the God of Israel, ate,

22and kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with joy; because Yahweh had made them joyful, and had turned the heart of the king of Assyria to them, to strengthen their hands in the work of God, the God of Israel’s house.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Darius orders a search of the royal archives and finds Cyrus's original decree authorizing the Temple's rebuilding at Jerusalem, with its dimensions and funding specified (vv. 1-5). He commands the governor Tattenai to leave the work alone and fund it fully from the royal treasury, with severe penalties for interference (vv. 6-12). The elders finish the Temple, aided by the preaching of Haggai and Zechariah, completing it in the sixth year of Darius (vv. 13-15). The people dedicate it with sacrifices and joy, restore the priestly divisions, and celebrate Passover and Unleavened Bread, rejoicing that the LORD turned the king's heart toward them (vv. 16-22).

Authorship & Background

Author: Ezra the priest and scribe (likely author/compiler). Written approximately 450-400 BC. Ezra covers two returns from Babylonian exile: (1) Zerubbabel's return and Temple rebuilding (538-516 BC, chapters 1-6); (2) Ezra's return and spiritual reform (458 BC, chapters 7-10).
Classification: Historical Narrative — Post-Exilic
Key Themes: A decree found in the wrong archive, a hostile enquiry producing state funding, a temple finished seventy years after its destruction, twelve goats for twelve tribes when only two had returned, and a Passover kept
Historical Context: Chapter 6 is the triumphant conclusion to the first half of Ezra. Darius searches the archives and finds Cyrus's original decree — not in Babylon where expected, but in Ecbatana (the Median summer capital), where Cyrus likely issued it. The decree exceeded what the adversaries feared: not only did it authorize the Temple, but it mandated that construction costs be paid from the royal treasury and that sacrificial animals be supplied daily at government expense. Darius then added his own decree protecting the builders and threatening severe punishment for anyone who interfered. The Temple was completed on March 12, 515 BC (Adar 3, in Darius's sixth year) — almost exactly 70 years after its destruction in 586 BC. The dedication and subsequent Passover celebration mirror Solomon's Temple dedication (2 Chronicles 7) on a smaller scale: 100 bulls, 200 rams, 400 lambs (compare Solomon's 22,000 oxen and 120,000 sheep). The 12 goats for a sin offering "according to the number of the tribes of Israel" (v.17) is theologically significant — even though only Judah and Benjamin returned, the offering represented all twelve tribes. The remnant claimed the whole nation's identity. Chapter 6 closes the first act of Ezra with celebration: Temple complete, Passover observed, God's faithfulness vindicated. The work that began with God stirring Cyrus (chapter 1) ends with God turning Darius's heart (v.22).
The Roll Found at Ecbatana (vv.1-5): The search succeeds, but not where anyone looked first. The decree turns up at Achmetha, Ecbatana, the Median summer capital, which is where Cyrus is likely to have been in his first year rather than Babylon. Its terms exceed what the builders had claimed: dimensions specified, costs to be paid from the king's house, and the vessels restored. The archive vindicated them more thoroughly than their own testimony had.
Darius Adds His Own Decree (vv.6-12): Darius not only upholds Cyrus but goes further, ordering Tattenai to leave them alone and to fund the work from the provincial tribute, with animals for sacrifice supplied daily. He attaches a penalty for interference and asks the builders to pray for him and his sons. The enquiry intended to stop the work has produced state funding and legal protection.
The House Finished (vv.13-15): The elders build and prosper, and the house is finished on the third of Adar in Darius's sixth year — 12 March 515 BC. Verse 14 credits the prophesying of Haggai and Zechariah alongside the decrees of Cyrus, Darius and Artaxerxes, putting prophets and emperors in one sentence. The temple destroyed in 586 BC is standing again roughly seventy years later.
The Dedication, and Twelve Goats (vv.16-18): The dedication offerings are a hundred bulls, two hundred rams and four hundred lambs — against Solomon's twenty-two thousand oxen and a hundred and twenty thousand sheep. The scale is honest about what the remnant was. The detail that carries weight is the twelve goats for a sin offering, according to the number of the tribes of Israel, when only Judah and Benjamin had returned. They offer for all twelve, claiming an identity larger than their own numbers.
The Passover Kept (vv.19-22): The Passover is kept in the first month, and those who had separated themselves from the filthiness of the heathen eat it with them, so the boundary is defined by separation rather than descent. Seven days of unleavened bread follow with joy. The final verse says the LORD had turned the heart of the king of Assyria toward them, which closes the first half of the book where it began — with God moving a foreign monarch.

Map & Geography

  • The geographic arc: BabylonJerusalem (~900-mile journey through the Fertile Crescent). Two returns: 538 BC under Zerubbabel and 458 BC under Ezra.
  • Jerusalem is the destination — the Temple is rebuilt (516 BC) and worship restored.
  • The journey followed major trade routes along the Euphrates River, through Syria, then south into Judah — a 4-month trek (Ezra 7:9).

Places on this map

  • Babylonnear Hillah, IraqOn the Euphrates about 55 miles south of modern Baghdad. Judah's exiles were marched roughly 900 miles to get here, the long way round the Arabian desert, which is why the journey took months and the return was a genuine undertaking rather than a short trip home. Wikipedia
  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • EuphratesTurkey, Syria, IraqThe longest river in western Asia, running about 1,700 miles from eastern Turkey to the Persian Gulf. It is the northern limit named in the promise to Abraham and the boundary Assyria and Babylon crossed to reach the Levant. Wikipedia
  • AramSyriaThe Syrian interior north-east of Israel, a set of city-states rather than one kingdom, with Damascus the strongest. Aramaic, its language, became the everyday speech of the whole region including Judea. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the irony that the enemies' own investigation led to the discovery of a decree far more generous than they feared. He notes the 70-year fulfillment of Jeremiah's prophecy and highlights the twelve-goat offering as evidence that the remnant saw themselves as representing all Israel, not merely the returned tribes.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Ezra 6 Summary: 5 Minute Bible Study
2BeLikeChrist

Ezra 4-6 | Blended Beliefs | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Ezra -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • God's Promises Surface at the Right Time (vv.1-5) — Cyrus's decree sat in an archive for roughly eighteen years before it was found at the exact moment it was needed to vindicate the builders. What word or promise from God are you still waiting to see brought to light in your own life?
  • Opposition Turned Into Support (vv.6-10) — The same royal officials who had investigated the Jews were now ordered to fund the Temple's construction from the royal treasury. Where might God be able to turn a current obstacle or opponent into an unexpected source of provision?
  • A Small Remnant Representing the Whole (v.17) — Twelve goats were offered for the twelve tribes of Israel even though only Judah and Benjamin had actually returned. If you're part of a small or overlooked group of believers, how does it change your perspective to know God still counts you as carrying the full weight of His purposes?
  • Joy as a Gift From God (v.22) — Scripture credits the people's celebration not to relief or circumstance but to the LORD making them joyful. Do you tend to treat joy as something you have to manufacture, or do you ask God to give it to you?