Ezra — Chapter 5

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1Later, the prophets Haggai and Zechariah son of Iddo prophesied to the Jews in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel, who was over them.

2Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and Jeshua son of Jozadak rose up and began to rebuild the house of God in Jerusalem. And the prophets of God were with them, helping them.

3At that time Tattenai the governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates went to the Jews and asked, “Who authorized you to rebuild this temple and restore this structure?”

4They also asked, “What are the names of the men who are constructing this building?”

5But the eye of their God was on the elders of the Jews, so that they were not stopped until a report was sent to Darius and written instructions about this matter were returned.

6This is the text of the letter that Tattenai the governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates, the officials in the region, sent to King Darius.

7The report they sent him read as follows: To King Darius: All peace.

8Let it be known to the king that we went into the province of Judah, to the house of the great God. The people are rebuilding it with large stones and placing timbers in the walls. This work is being carried out diligently and is prospering in their hands.

9So we questioned the elders and asked, “Who authorized you to rebuild this temple and restore this structure?”

10We also asked for their names, so that we could write down the names of their leaders for your information.

11And this is the answer they returned: “We are servants of the God of heaven and earth, and we are rebuilding the temple that was built many years ago, which a great king of Israel built and completed.

12But since our fathers angered the God of heaven, He delivered them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean who destroyed this temple and carried away the people to Babylon.

13In the first year of his reign, however, Cyrus king of Babylon issued a decree to rebuild this house of God.

14He also removed from the temple of Babylon the gold and silver articles belonging to the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar had taken and carried there from the temple in Jerusalem. King Cyrus gave these articles to a man named Sheshbazzar, whom he appointed governor

15and instructed, ‘Take these articles, put them in the temple in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be rebuilt on its original site.’

16So this Sheshbazzar came and laid the foundation of the house of God in Jerusalem, and from that time until now it has been under construction, but it has not yet been completed.”

17Now, therefore, if it pleases the king, let a search be made of the royal archives in Babylon to see if King Cyrus did indeed issue a decree to rebuild the house of God in Jerusalem. Then let the king send us his decision in this matter.

1Then the prophets, Haggai the prophet, and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophesied unto the Jews that were in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel, even unto them.

2Then rose up Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and began to build the house of God which is at Jerusalem: and with them were the prophets of God helping them.

3At the same time came to them Tatnai, governor on this side the river, and Shethar-boznai, and their companions, and said thus unto them, Who hath commanded you to build this house, and to make up this wall?

4Then said we unto them after this manner, What are the names of the men that make this building?

5But the eye of their God was upon the elders of the Jews, that they could not cause them to cease, till the matter came to Darius: and then they returned answer by letter concerning this matter.

6The copy of the letter that Tatnai, governor on this side the river, and Shethar-boznai, and his companions the Apharsachites, which were on this side the river, sent unto Darius the king:

7They sent a letter unto him, wherein was written thus; Unto Darius the king, all peace.

8Be it known unto the king, that we went into the province of Judea, to the house of the great God, which is builded with great stones, and timber is laid in the walls, and this work goeth fast on, and prospereth in their hands.

9Then asked we those elders, and said unto them thus, Who commanded you to build this house, and to make up these walls?

10We asked their names also, to certify thee, that we might write the names of the men that were the chief of them.

11And thus they returned us answer, saying, We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and build the house that was builded these many years ago, which a great king of Israel builded and set up.

12But after that our fathers had provoked the God of heaven unto wrath, he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house, and carried the people away into Babylon.

13But in the first year of Cyrus the king of Babylon the same king Cyrus made a decree to build this house of God.

14And the vessels also of gold and silver of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple that was in Jerusalem, and brought them into the temple of Babylon, those did Cyrus the king take out of the temple of Babylon, and they were delivered unto one, whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had made governor;

15And said unto him, Take these vessels, go, carry them into the temple that is in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be builded in his place.

16Then came the same Sheshbazzar, and laid the foundation of the house of God which is in Jerusalem: and since that time even until now hath it been in building, and yet it is not finished.

17Now therefore, if it seem good to the king, let there be search made in the king’s treasure house, which is there at Babylon, whether it be so, that a decree was made of Cyrus the king to build this house of God at Jerusalem, and let the king send his pleasure to us concerning this matter.

1Now the prophets, Haggai the prophet, and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophesied unto the Jews that were in Judah and Jerusalem; in the name of the God of Israel [prophesied they] unto them.

2Then rose up Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and began to build the house of God which is at Jerusalem; and with them were the prophets of God, helping them.

3At the same time came to them Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, and Shethar-bozenai, and their companions, and said thus unto them, Who gave you a decree to build this house, and to finish this wall?

4Then we told them after this manner, what the names of the men were that were making this building.

5But the eye of their God was upon the elders of the Jews, and they did not make them cease, till the matter should come to Darius, and then answer should be returned by letter concerning it.

6The copy of the letter that Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, and Shethar-bozenai, and his companions the Apharsachites, who were beyond the River, sent unto Darius the king;

7they sent a letter unto him, wherein was written thus: Unto Darius the king, all peace.

8Be it known unto the king, that we went into the province of Judah, to the house of the great God, which is builded with great stones, and timber is laid in the walls; and this work goeth on with diligence and prospereth in their hands.

9Then asked we those elders, and said unto them thus, Who gave you a decree to build this house, and to finish this wall?

10We asked them their names also, to certify thee, that we might write the names of the men that were at the head of them.

11And thus they returned us answer, saying, We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and are building the house that was builded these many years ago, which a great king of Israel builded and finished.

12But after that our fathers had provoked the God of heaven unto wrath, he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house, and carried the people away into Babylon.

13But in the first year of Cyrus king of Babylon, Cyrus the king made a decree to build this house of God.

14And the gold and silver vessels also of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple that was in Jerusalem, and brought into the temple of Babylon, those did Cyrus the king take out of the temple of Babylon, and they were delivered unto one whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had made governor;

15and he said unto him, Take these vessels, go, put them in the temple that is in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be builded in its place.

16Then came the same Sheshbazzar, and laid the foundations of the house of God which is in Jerusalem: and since that time even until now hath it been in building, and yet it is not completed.

17Now therefore, if it seem good to the king, let there be search made in the king`s treasure-house, which is there at Babylon, whether it be so, that a decree was made of Cyrus the king to build this house of God at Jerusalem; and let the king send his pleasure to us concerning this matter.

1Then the prophets Haggai and Zechariah son of Iddo prophesied concerning the Jews who were in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel who was over them.

2Then Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel and Jeshua the son of Jozadak began to rebuild the temple of God in Jerusalem. The prophets of God were with them, supporting them.

3At that time Tattenai governor of Trans-Euphrates, Shethar-Bozenai, and their colleagues came to them and asked, “Who gave you authority to rebuild this temple and to complete this structure?”

4They also asked them, “What are the names of the men who are building this edifice?”

5But God was watching over the elders of Judah, and they were not stopped until a report could be dispatched to Darius and a letter could be sent back concerning this.

6This is a copy of the letter that Tattenai governor of Trans-Euphrates, Shethar-Bozenai, and his colleagues (who were the officials of Trans-Euphrates) sent to King Darius.

7The report they sent to him was written as follows: “To King Darius: All greetings!

8Let it be known to the king that we have gone to the province of Judah, to the temple of the great God. It is being built with large stones, and timbers are being placed in the walls. This work is being done with all diligence and is prospering in their hands.

9We inquired of those elders, asking them, ‘Who gave you the authority to rebuild this temple and to complete this structure?’

10We also inquired of their names in order to inform you, so that we might write the names of the men who were their leaders.

11They responded to us in the following way: ‘We are servants of the God of heaven and earth. We are rebuilding the temple which was previously built many years ago. A great king of Israel built it and completed it.

12But after our ancestors angered the God of heaven, he delivered them into the hands of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this temple and exiled the people to Babylon.

13But in the first year of King Cyrus of Babylon, King Cyrus enacted a decree to rebuild this temple of God.

14Even the gold and silver vessels of the temple of God that Nebuchadnezzar had taken from the temple in Jerusalem and had brought to the palace of Babylon—even those things King Cyrus brought from the palace of Babylon and presented to a man by the name of Sheshbazzar whom he had appointed as governor.

15He said to him, “Take these vessels and go deposit them in the temple in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be rebuilt in its proper location.”

16Then this Sheshbazzar went and laid the foundations of the temple of God in Jerusalem. From that time to the present moment it has been in the process of being rebuilt, although it is not yet finished.’

17“Now if the king is so inclined, let a search be conducted in the royal archives there in Babylon in order to determine whether King Cyrus did in fact issue orders for this temple of God to be rebuilt in Jerusalem. Then let the king send us a decision concerning this matter.”

1Now the prophets, Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophesied to the Jews who were in Judah and Jerusalem. They prophesied to them in the name of the God of Israel.

2Then Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak rose up and began to build God’s house which is at Jerusalem; and with them were the prophets of God, helping them.

3At the same time Tattenai, the governor beyond the River came to them, with Shetharbozenai, and their companions, and asked them, “Who gave you a decree to build this house, and to finish this wall?”

4They also asked for the names of the men were who were making this building.

5But the eye of their God was on the elders of the Jews, and they did not make them cease, until the matter should come to Darius, and an answer should be returned by letter concerning it.

6The copy of the letter that Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, and Shetharbozenai, and his companions the Apharsachites, who were beyond the River, sent to Darius the king follows.

7They sent a letter to him, in which was written: To Darius the king, all peace.

8Be it known to the king that we went into the province of Judah, to the house of the great God, which is built with great stones, and timber is laid in the walls. This work goes on with diligence and prospers in their hands.

9Then we asked those elders, and said to them thus, “Who gave you a decree to build this house, and to finish this wall?”

10We asked them their names also, to inform you that we might write the names of the men who were at their head.

11Thus they returned us answer, saying, “We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and are building the house that was built these many years ago, which a great king of Israel built and finished.

12But after that our fathers had provoked the God of heaven to wrath, he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house, and carried the people away into Babylon.

13But in the first year of Cyrus king of Babylon, Cyrus the king made a decree to build this house of God.

14The gold and silver vessels of God’s house, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple that was in Jerusalem, and brought into the temple of Babylon, those Cyrus the king also took out of the temple of Babylon, and they were delivered to one whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had made governor.

15He said to him, ‘Take these vessels, go, put them in the temple that is in Jerusalem, and let God’s house be built in its place.’

16Then the same Sheshbazzar came and laid the foundations of God’s house which is in Jerusalem. Since that time even until now has it been in building, and yet it is not completed.

17Now therefore, if it seems good to the king, let a search be made in the king’s treasure house, which is there at Babylon, whether it is so, that a decree was made of Cyrus the king to build this house of God at Jerusalem; and let the king send his pleasure to us concerning this matter.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Encouraged by the preaching of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah, Zerubbabel and Jeshua resume construction on the temple in Jerusalem without a fresh royal permit (vv. 1-2). The regional governor Tattenai and his colleague Shethar-bozenai arrive, question the elders about who authorized the rebuilding, and ask for the names of those in charge (vv. 3-4). Because God is watching over the elders, the officials do not stop the work outright but instead send King Darius a letter describing the project and recounting the Jews' explanation, that Cyrus originally decreed the temple be rebuilt and had its sacred vessels returned (vv. 5-16). The letter closes by asking Darius to search the royal archives and confirm whether Cyrus really issued that decree (v. 17).

Authorship & Background

Author: Ezra the priest and scribe (likely author/compiler). Written approximately 450-400 BC. Ezra covers two returns from Babylonian exile: (1) Zerubbabel's return and Temple rebuilding (538-516 BC, chapters 1-6); (2) Ezra's return and spiritual reform (458 BC, chapters 7-10).
Classification: Historical Narrative — Post-Exilic
Key Themes: Two prophets restarting what politics had stopped, a governor's enquiry that turns into vindication, an unusually fair official report, and elders who name their fathers' sin as part of their defense
Historical Context: Chapter 5 marks the restart of Temple construction in 520 BC — the second year of Darius I — after 16 years of inactivity. The catalyst was not political change but prophetic ministry: Haggai and Zechariah spoke God's word to the discouraged community, and the leaders responded with renewed obedience. Immediately, opposition resurfaced — Tattenai (the Persian governor of the Trans-Euphrates province) investigated the building project. But unlike chapter 4, the outcome here is different. The text reveals why: "the eye of their God was upon the elders of the Jews" (v.5). God's watchful providence ensured that Tattenai's investigation became a path to vindication rather than obstruction. Tattenai's letter to Darius (vv.6-17) is remarkably fair — he reports facts without the malicious spin of chapter 4's accusers. He even notes that the work "goeth fast on, and prospereth" (v.8). The Jewish elders' response (vv.11-16) is a model of faithful witness: they identify themselves as "servants of the God of heaven and earth," acknowledge their fathers' sin that caused the exile, and cite Cyrus's decree as their legal authority. They request that the Persian archives be searched for confirmation. The chapter demonstrates that when God's people obey His prophetic word, even official inquiries become instruments of divine vindication.
Haggai and Zechariah Prophesied (vv.1-2): The restart has no political cause. Two prophets speak, and Zerubbabel and Jeshua rise up and begin to build, with the prophets of God helping them. Haggai's own book dates this to 520 BC and records what he said — that the people were panelling their own houses while God's lay waste. Sixteen years of stoppage ends with preaching rather than permission.
Who Commanded You to Build? (vv.3-5): Tattenai, the governor of the province beyond the river, arrives with the obvious question, and asks for the names of the builders. Verse 5 gives the chapter's explanation of what follows: the eye of their God was upon the elders of the Jews, so they could not cause them to cease. The work continues during the investigation rather than pausing for it.
Tattenai's Letter (vv.6-10): The contrast with chapter 4 is the point of quoting this letter at length. Tattenai reports what he found without spin, notes that the work goeth fast on and prospereth, and asks the king to check the record. An honest official is as consequential here as a dishonest one was there, and the difference is not the law but the man applying it.
We Are the Servants of the God of Heaven (vv.11-17): The elders' answer is quoted inside the letter and it is a model of its kind. They identify themselves as servants of the God of heaven and earth, state that the temple was built by a great king of Israel, and then concede the hard part without being asked: our fathers provoked God to wrath, and he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar. Then the legal ground, Cyrus's decree, with a request that the archives be searched. Honesty about the exile is offered as part of the case rather than hidden from it.

Map & Geography

  • The geographic arc: BabylonJerusalem (~900-mile journey through the Fertile Crescent). Two returns: 538 BC under Zerubbabel and 458 BC under Ezra.
  • Jerusalem is the destination — the Temple is rebuilt (516 BC) and worship restored.
  • The journey followed major trade routes along the Euphrates River, through Syria, then south into Judah — a 4-month trek (Ezra 7:9).

Places on this map

  • Babylonnear Hillah, IraqOn the Euphrates about 55 miles south of modern Baghdad. Judah's exiles were marched roughly 900 miles to get here, the long way round the Arabian desert, which is why the journey took months and the return was a genuine undertaking rather than a short trip home. Wikipedia
  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • EuphratesTurkey, Syria, IraqThe longest river in western Asia, running about 1,700 miles from eastern Turkey to the Persian Gulf. It is the northern limit named in the promise to Abraham and the boundary Assyria and Babylon crossed to reach the Levant. Wikipedia
  • AramSyriaThe Syrian interior north-east of Israel, a set of city-states rather than one kingdom, with Damascus the strongest. Aramaic, its language, became the everyday speech of the whole region including Judea. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik highlights the essential role of the prophets in restarting the work, noting that God's people needed more than permission — they needed prophetic encouragement to overcome 16 years of complacency. He emphasizes that "the eye of their God" (v.5) made all the difference between the failed opposition of chapter 5 and the successful opposition of chapter 4.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Ezra 5 Summary: 5 Minute Bible Study
2BeLikeChrist

Ezra 4-6 | Blended Beliefs | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Ezra -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • God's Word Breaks Through Paralysis (v.1) — Sixteen years of inaction ended not through a political shift but because God sent prophets to speak fresh words to a discouraged people. What stalled area of your life needs a renewed word from God rather than just better circumstances?
  • Vision and Action Working Together (v.2) — The prophets spoke and the leaders immediately responded by picking the work back up. Are you someone who receives encouragement but never acts on it, or who acts without ever pausing to listen for direction?
  • The Difference God's Watchful Eye Makes (v.5) — The same kind of official scrutiny that shut down the work in chapter 4 couldn't stop it here, because the text says God's eye was on the elders. Does knowing God is watching over your obedience change how you face scrutiny or opposition?
  • Honest Confession Strengthens Credibility (v.12) — Rather than hiding it, the elders openly told the Persian governor that their nation's sin had caused the exile in the first place. Are you willing to be honest about your own past failures instead of hiding them, even when it might seem to weaken your case?