Mark — Chapter 12
Loading ESV text...
1And he began to speak unto them by parables. A certain man planted a vineyard, and set an hedge about it, and digged a place for the winefat, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country.
2And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard.
3And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.
4And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled.
5And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many others; beating some, and killing some.
6Having yet therefore one son, his wellbeloved, he sent him also last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son.
7But those husbandmen said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be ours.
8And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.
9What shall therefore the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others.
10And have ye not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner:
11This was the Lord’s doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes?
12And they sought to lay hold on him, but feared the people: for they knew that he had spoken the parable against them: and they left him, and went their way.
13And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words.
14And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?
15Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may seeit.
16And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar’s.
17And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s. And they marvelled at him.
18Then come unto him the Sadducees, which say there is no resurrection; and they asked him, saying,
19Master, Moses wrote unto us, If a man’s brother die, and leave his wife behind him, and leave no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.
20Now there were seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and dying left no seed.
21And the second took her, and died, neither left he any seed: and the third likewise.
22And the seven had her, and left no seed: last of all the woman died also.
23In the resurrection therefore, when they shall rise, whose wife shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife.
24And Jesus answering said unto them, Do ye not therefore err, because ye know not the scriptures, neither the power of God?
25For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage; but are as the angels which are in heaven.
26And as touching the dead, that they rise: have ye not read in the book of Moses, how in the bush God spake unto him, saying, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?
27He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living: ye therefore do greatly err.
28And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?
29And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:
30And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment.
31And the second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.
32And the scribe said unto him, Well, Master, thou hast said the truth: for there is one God; and there is none other but he:
33And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.
34And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.
35And Jesus answered and said, while he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that Christ is the Son of David?
36For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The Lord said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool.
37David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly.
38And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,
39And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts:
40Which devour widows’ houses, and for a pretence make long prayers: these shall receive greater damnation.
41And Jesus sat over against the treasury, and beheld how the people cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much.
42And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a farthing.
43And he called unto him his disciples, and saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That this poor widow hath cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury:
44For all they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living.
1And he began to speak unto them in parables. A man planted a vineyard, and set a hedge about it, and digged a pit for the winepress, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into another country.
2And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruits of the vineyard.
3And they took him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.
4And again he sent unto them another servant; and him they wounded in the head, and handled shamefully.
5And he sent another; and him they killed: and many others; beating some, and killing some.
6He had yet one, a beloved son: he sent him last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son.
7But those husbandmen said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be ours.
8And they took him, and killed him, and cast him forth out of the vineyard.
9What therefore will the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others.
10Have ye not read even this scripture: The stone which the builders rejected, The same was made the head of the corner;
11This was from the Lord, And it is marvellous in our eyes?
12And they sought to lay hold on him; and they feared the multitude; for they perceived that he spake the parable against them: and they left him, and went away.
13And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, that they might catch him in talk.
14And when they were come, they say unto him, Teacher, we know that thou art true, and carest not for any one; for thou regardest not the person of men, but of a truth teachest the way of God: Is it lawful to give tribute unto Caesar, or not?
15Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why make ye trial of me? bring me a denarius, that I may see it.
16And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar`s.
17And Jesus said unto them, Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar`s, and unto God the things that are God`s. And they marvelled greatly at him.
18And there come unto him Sadducees, who say that there is no resurrection; and they asked him, saying,
19Teacher, Moses wrote unto us, If a man`s brother die, and leave a wife behind him, and leave no child, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.
20There were seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and dying left no seed;
21and the second took her, and died, leaving no seed behind him; and the third likewise:
22and the seven left no seed. Last of all the woman also died.
23In the resurrection whose wife shall she be of them? for the seven had her to wife.
24Jesus said unto them, Is it not for this cause that ye err, that ye know not the scriptures, nor the power of God?
25For when they shall rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage; but are as angels in heaven.
26But as touching the dead, that they are raised; have ye not read in the book of Moses, in [the place concerning] the Bush, how God spake unto him, saying, I [am] the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?
27He is not the God of the dead, but of the living: ye do greatly err.
28And one of the scribes came, and heard them questioning together, and knowing that he had answered them well, asked him, What commandment is the first of all?
29Jesus answered, The first is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God, the Lord is one:
30and thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength.
31The second is this, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.
32And the scribe said unto him, Of a truth, Teacher, thou hast well said that he is one; and there is none other but he:
33and to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbor as himself, is much more than all whole burnt-offerings and sacrifices.
34And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.
35And Jesus answered and said, as he taught in the temple, How say the scribes that the Christ is the son of David?
36David himself said in the Holy Spirit, The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, Till I make thine enemies the footstool of thy feet.
37David himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he his son? And the common people heard him gladly.
38And in his teaching he said, Beware of the scribes, who desire to walk in long robes, and [to have] salutations in the marketplaces,
39and chief seats in the synagogues, and chief places at feasts:
40they that devour widows` houses, and for a pretence make long prayers; these shall receive greater condemnation.
41And he sat down over against the treasury, and beheld how the multitude cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much.
42And there came a poor widow, and she cast in two mites, which make a farthing.
43And he called unto him his disciples, and said unto them, Verily I say unto you, This poor widow cast in more than all they that are casting into the treasury:
44for they all did cast in of their superfluity; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, [even] all her living.
1Then he began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard. He put a fence around it, dug a pit for its winepress, and built a watchtower. Then he leased it to tenant farmers and went on a journey.
2At harvest time he sent a slave to the tenants to collect from them his portion of the crop.
3But those tenants seized his slave, beat him, and sent him away empty-handed.
4So he sent another slave to them again. This one they struck on the head and treated outrageously.
5He sent another, and that one they killed. This happened to many others, some of whom were beaten, others killed.
6He had one left, his one dear son. Finally he sent him to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’
7But those tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him and the inheritance will be ours!’
8So they seized him, killed him, and threw his body out of the vineyard.
9What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy those tenants and give the vineyard to others.
10Have you not read this scripture:“‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.
11This is from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes’?”
12Now they wanted to arrest him (but they feared the crowd), because they realized that he told this parable against them. So they left him and went away.
13Then they sent some of the Pharisees and Herodians to trap him with his own words.
14When they came they said to him, “Teacher, we know that you are truthful and do not court anyone’s favor because you show no partiality but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Is it right to pay taxes to Caesar or not? Should we pay or shouldn’t we?”
15But he saw through their hypocrisy and said to them, “Why are you testing me? Bring me a denarius and let me look at it.”
16So they brought one, and he said to them, “Whose image is this, and whose inscription?” They replied, “Caesar’s.”
17Then Jesus said to them, “Give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” And they were utterly amazed at him.
18Sadducees (who say there is no resurrection) also came to him and asked him,
19“Teacher, Moses wrote for us: ‘If a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, that man must marry the widow and father children for his brother.’
20There were seven brothers. The first one married, and when he died he had no children.
21The second married her and died without any children, and likewise the third.
22None of the seven had children. Finally, the woman died too.
23In the resurrection, when they rise again, whose wife will she be? For all seven had married her.”
24Jesus said to them, “Aren’t you deceived for this reason because you don’t know the scriptures or the power of God?
25For when they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven.
26Now as for the dead being raised, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the passage about the bush, how God said to him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?
27He is not the God of the dead but of the living. You are badly mistaken!”
28Now one of the experts in the law came and heard them debating. When he saw that Jesus answered them well, he asked him, “Which commandment is the most important of all?”
29Jesus answered, “The most important is: ‘Listen, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one.
30Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’
31The second is: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.”
32The expert in the law said to him, “That is true, Teacher; you are right to say that he is one, and there is no one else besides him.
33And to love him with all your heart, with all your mind, and with all your strength and to love your neighbor as yourself is more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.”
34When Jesus saw that he had answered thoughtfully, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” Then no one dared any longer to question him.
35While Jesus was teaching in the temple courts, he said, “How is it that the experts in the law say that the Christ is David’s son?
36David himself, by the Holy Spirit, said,“‘The Lord said to my lord, “Sit at my right hand,until I put your enemies under your feet.”’
37If David himself calls him ‘Lord,’ how can he be his son?” And the large crowd was listening to him with delight.
38In his teaching Jesus also said, “Watch out for the experts in the law. They like walking around in long robes and elaborate greetings in the marketplaces,
39and the best seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets.
40They devour widows’ property, and as a show make long prayers. These men will receive a more severe punishment.”
41Then he sat down opposite the offering box, and watched the crowd putting coins into it. Many rich people were throwing in large amounts.
42And a poor widow came and put in two small copper coins, worth less than a penny.
43He called his disciples and said to them, “I tell you the truth, this poor widow has put more into the offering box than all the others.
44For they all gave out of their wealth. But she, out of her poverty, put in what she had to live on, everything she had.”
1He began to speak to them in parables. “A man planted a vineyard, put a hedge around it, dug a pit for the wine press, built a tower, rented it out to a farmer, and went into another country.
2When it was time, he sent a servant to the farmer to get from the farmer his share of the fruit of the vineyard.
3They took him, beat him, and sent him away empty.
4Again, he sent another servant to them; and they threw stones at him, wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully treated.
5Again he sent another; and they killed him; and many others, beating some, and killing some.
6Therefore still having one, his beloved son, he sent him last to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’
7But those farmers said among themselves, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’
8They took him, killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.
9What therefore will the lord of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the farmers, and will give the vineyard to others.
10Haven’t you even read this Scripture: ‘The stone which the builders rejected, the same was made the head of the corner.
11This was from the Lord, it is marvelous in our eyes’?”
12They tried to seize him, but they feared the multitude; for they perceived that he spoke the parable against them. They left him, and went away.
13They sent some of the Pharisees and the Herodians to him, that they might trap him with words.
14When they had come, they asked him, “Teacher, we know that you are honest, and don’t defer to anyone; for you aren’t partial to anyone, but truly teach the way of God. Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar, or not?
15Shall we give, or shall we not give?” But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, “Why do you test me? Bring me a denarius, that I may see it.”
16They brought it. He said to them, “Whose is this image and inscription?” They said to him, “Caesar’s.”
17Jesus answered them, “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” They marveled greatly at him.
18There came to him Sadducees, who say that there is no resurrection. They asked him, saying,
19“Teacher, Moses wrote to us, ‘If a man’s brother dies, and leaves a wife behind him, and leaves no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up offspring for his brother.’
20There were seven brothers. The first took a wife, and dying left no offspring.
21The second took her, and died, leaving no children behind him. The third likewise;
22and the seven took her and left no children. Last of all the woman also died.
23In the resurrection, when they rise, whose wife will she be of them? For the seven had her as a wife.”
24Jesus answered them, “Isn’t this because you are mistaken, not knowing the Scriptures, nor the power of God?
25For when they will rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven.
26But about the dead, that they are raised; haven’t you read in the book of Moses, about the Bush, how God spoke to him, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?
27He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are therefore badly mistaken.”
28One of the scribes came, and heard them questioning together. Knowing that he had answered them well, asked him, “Which commandment is the greatest of all?”
29Jesus answered, “The greatest is, ‘Hear, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one:
30you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ This is the first commandment.
31The second is like this, ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.”
32The scribe said to him, “Truly, teacher, you have said well that he is one, and there is none other but he,
33and to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbor as himself, is more important than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.”
34When Jesus saw that he answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from God’s Kingdom.” No one dared ask him any question after that.
35Jesus responded, as he taught in the temple, “How is it that the scribes say that the Christ is the son of David?
36For David himself said in the Holy Spirit, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet.”’
37Therefore David himself calls him Lord, so how can he be his son?” The common people heard him gladly.
38In his teaching he said to them, “Beware of the scribes, who like to walk in long robes, and to get greetings in the marketplaces,
39and the best seats in the synagogues, and the best places at feasts:
40those who devour widows’ houses, and for a pretense make long prayers. These will receive greater condemnation.”
41Jesus sat down opposite the treasury, and saw how the multitude cast money into the treasury. Many who were rich cast in much.
42A poor widow came, and she cast in two small brass coins, which equal a quadrans coin.
43He called his disciples to himself, and said to them, “Most certainly I tell you, this poor widow gave more than all those who are giving into the treasury,
44for they all gave out of their abundance, but she, out of her poverty, gave all that she had to live on.”
Summary
Jesus tells the parable of the wicked tenants, silences questions about taxes, the resurrection, and the greatest commandment, then warns against the scribes' hypocrisy and commends a poor widow's sacrificial offering.
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- The Temple in Jerusalem: Jesus continued teaching in the Temple courts during Passion Week. The religious leaders challenged Him here.
- The treasury (v.41): The area near the Court of Women where offering receptacles were located. Jesus observed the widow here.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the wicked tenants, the tribute question, the resurrection debate, the greatest commandment, and the widow's offering.
- Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "The Widow's Mites" on vv.41-44 (MTP Vol. 10, No. 596) "She cast in all that she had, even all her living. Not her surplus, not her comfortable margin — all. And Jesus said she gave more than all the rich combined. God does not count coins; He weighs sacrifice. The question is not 'how much did you give?' but 'how much did you keep?'" Sermon: "Not Far from the Kingdom" on v.34 (MTP Vol. 22, No. 1330) "Not far — but not in. Close to the kingdom is not the same as being in it. You can agree with everything Jesus says, admire His teaching, respect His character — and still be outside. The kingdom requires not just agreement but surrender."
Reflection
- 1. "Love the Lord thy God with ALL thy heart, soul, mind, and strength" (v.30). Not most — ALL. Which dimension is weakest in your love for God? Emotional engagement? Intellectual pursuit? Physical obedience? Willful commitment?
- 2. "Thou art not far from the kingdom of God" (v.34). It's possible to be close — to understand, to agree, to admire — and still be outside. Have you moved from intellectual agreement to personal surrender? What's the difference in your life?
- 3. The widow gave "all that she had, even all her living" (v.44). God measures sacrifice, not amount. How sacrificial is your giving — of money, time, energy? Are you giving from your surplus or from your substance?
- 4. "Render to Caesar... and to God the things that are God's" (v.17). Caesar's image is on the coin — give it to him. God's image is on you — give yourself to Him. Are you giving God what belongs to Him?
- 5. The wicked tenants killed the servants and the son because they wanted the inheritance for themselves (v.7). They wanted God's blessings without God's authority. Where do you want God's blessings but resist His lordship?
- 6. The scribe said love is "more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices" (v.33). God values love over religious performance. Is your faith characterized more by love or by religious activity? What's the difference?
- 7. Jesus watched people give (v.41). He notices how you handle money. If Jesus evaluated your giving the way He evaluated the widow's, what would He say?
- 8. The scribes "devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayers" (v.40). Religious exploitation of the vulnerable is the worst kind of hypocrisy. How do you ensure your faith serves the vulnerable rather than exploits them?
- 9. David called the Messiah "Lord" (v.37) — proving the Messiah is more than David's descendant. He is David's God. How does the full deity of Christ affect how you worship Him, pray to Him, and obey Him?