Mark — Chapter 7

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1Then the Pharisees and some of the scribes who had come from Jerusalem gathered around Jesus,

2and they saw some of His disciples eating with hands that were defiled—that is, unwashed.

3Now in holding to the tradition of the elders, the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat until they wash their hands ceremonially.

4And on returning from the market, they do not eat unless they wash. And there are many other traditions for them to observe, including the washing of cups, pitchers, kettles, and couches for dining.

5So the Pharisees and scribes questioned Jesus: “Why do Your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders? Instead, they eat with defiled hands.”

6Jesus answered them, “Isaiah prophesied correctly about you hypocrites, as it is written: ‘These people honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me.

7They worship Me in vain; they teach as doctrine the precepts of men.’

8You have disregarded the commandment of God to keep the tradition of men.”

9He went on to say, “You neatly set aside the command of God to maintain your own tradition.

10For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother’ and ‘Anyone who curses his father or mother must be put to death.’

11But you say that if a man says to his father or mother, ‘Whatever you would have received from me is Corban’ (that is, a gift devoted to God),

12he is no longer permitted to do anything for his father or mother.

13Thus you nullify the word of God by the tradition you have handed down. And you do so in many such matters.”

14Once again Jesus called the crowd to Him and said, “All of you, listen to Me and understand:

15Nothing that enters a man from the outside can defile him; but the things that come out of a man, these are what defile him.”

16

17After Jesus had left the crowd and gone into the house, His disciples inquired about the parable.

18“Are you still so dull?” He asked. “Do you not understand? Nothing that enters a man from the outside can defile him,

19because it does not enter his heart, but it goes into the stomach and then is eliminated.” (Thus all foods are clean.)

20He continued: “What comes out of a man, that is what defiles him.

21For from within the hearts of men come evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery,

22greed, wickedness, deceit, debauchery, envy, slander, arrogance, and foolishness.

23All these evils come from within, and these are what defile a man.”

24Jesus left that place and went to the region of Tyre. Not wanting anyone to know He was there, He entered a house, but was unable to escape their notice.

25Instead, a woman whose little daughter had an unclean spirit soon heard about Jesus, and she came and fell at His feet.

26Now she was a Greek woman of Syrophoenician origin, and she kept asking Jesus to drive the demon out of her daughter.

27“First let the children have their fill,” He said. “For it is not right to take the children’s bread and toss it to the dogs.”

28“Yes, Lord,” she replied, “even the dogs under the table eat the children’s crumbs.”

29Then Jesus told her, “Because of this answer, you may go. The demon has left your daughter.”

30And she went home and found her child lying on the bed, and the demon was gone.

31Then Jesus left the region of Tyre and went through Sidon to the Sea of Galilee and into the region of the Decapolis.

32Some people brought to Him a man who was deaf and hardly able to speak, and they begged Jesus to place His hand on him.

33So Jesus took him aside privately, away from the crowd, and put His fingers into the man’s ears. Then He spit and touched the man’s tongue.

34And looking up to heaven, He sighed deeply and said to him, “Ephphatha!” (which means, “Be opened!”).

35Immediately the man’s ears were opened and his tongue was released, and he began to speak plainly.

36Jesus ordered them not to tell anyone. But the more He ordered them, the more widely they proclaimed it.

37The people were utterly astonished and said, “He has done all things well! He makes even the deaf hear and the mute speak!”

1Then came together unto him the Pharisees, and certain of the scribes, which came from Jerusalem.

2And when they saw some of his disciples eat bread with defiled, that is to say, with unwashen, hands, they found fault.

3For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands oft, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders.

4And when they come from the market, except they wash, they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have received to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots, brasen vessels, and of tables.

5Then the Pharisees and scribes asked him, Why walk not thy disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashen hands?

6He answered and said unto them, Well hath Esaias prophesied of you hypocrites, as it is written, This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me.

7Howbeit in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men.

8For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men, as the washing of pots and cups: and many other such like things ye do.

9And he said unto them, Full well ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your own tradition.

10For Moses said, Honour thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death:

11But ye say, If a man shall say to his father or mother, It is Corban, that is to say, a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; he shall be free.

12And ye suffer him no more to do ought for his father or his mother;

13Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered: and many such like things do ye.

14And when he had called all the people unto him, he said unto them, Hearken unto me every one of you, and understand:

15There is nothing from without a man, that entering into him can defile him: but the things which come out of him, those are they that defile the man.

16If any man have ears to hear, let him hear.

17And when he was entered into the house from the people, his disciples asked him concerning the parable.

18And he saith unto them, Are ye so without understanding also? Do ye not perceive, that whatsoever thing from without entereth into the man, it cannot defile him;

19Because it entereth not into his heart, but into the belly, and goeth out into the draught, purging all meats?

20And he said, That which cometh out of the man, that defileth the man.

21For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders,

22Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness:

23All these evil things come from within, and defile the man.

24And from thence he arose, and went into the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and entered into an house, and would have no man know it: but he could not be hid.

25For a certain woman, whose young daughter had an unclean spirit, heard of him, and came and fell at his feet:

26The woman was a Greek, a Syrophenician by nation; and she besought him that he would cast forth the devil out of her daughter.

27But Jesus said unto her, Let the children first be filled: for it is not meet to take the children’s bread, and to cast it unto the dogs.

28And she answered and said unto him, Yes, Lord: yet the dogs under the table eat of the children’s crumbs.

29And he said unto her, For this saying go thy way; the devil is gone out of thy daughter.

30And when she was come to her house, she found the devil gone out, and her daughter laid upon the bed.

31And again, departing from the coasts of Tyre and Sidon, he came unto the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the coasts of Decapolis.

32And they bring unto him one that was deaf, and had an impediment in his speech; and they beseech him to put his hand upon him.

33And he took him aside from the multitude, and put his fingers into his ears, and he spit, and touched his tongue;

34And looking up to heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened.

35And straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain.

36And he charged them that they should tell no man: but the more he charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it;

37And were beyond measure astonished, saying, He hath done all things well: he maketh both the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak.

1And there are gathered together unto him the Pharisees, and certain of the scribes, who had come from Jerusalem,

2and had seen that some of his disciples ate their bread with defiled, that is, unwashen, hands.

3(For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands diligently, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders;

4and [when they come] from the market-place, except they bathe themselves, they eat not; and many other things there are, which they have received to hold, washings of cups, and pots, and brasen vessels.)

5And the Pharisees and the scribes ask him, Why walk not thy disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with defiled hands?

6And he said unto them, Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written, This people honoreth me with their lips, But their heart is far from me.

7But in vain do they worship me, Teaching [as their] doctrines the precepts of men.

8Ye leave the commandment of God, and hold fast the tradition of men.

9And he said unto them, Full well do ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your tradition.

10For Moses said, Honor thy father and thy mother; and, He that speaketh evil of father or mother, let him die the death:

11but ye say, If a man shall say to his father or his mother, That wherewith thou mightest have been profited by me is Corban, that is to say, Given [to God];

12ye no longer suffer him to do aught for his father or his mother;

13making void the word of God by your tradition, which ye have delivered: and many such like things ye do.

14And he called to him the multitude again, and said unto them, Hear me all of you, and understand:

15there is nothing from without the man, that going into him can defile him; but the things which proceed out of the man are those that defile the man.

16[If any man hath ears to hear, let him hear.]

17And when he was entered into the house from the multitude, his disciples asked of him the parable.

18And he saith unto them, Are ye so without understanding also? Perceive ye not, that whatsoever from without goeth into the man, [it] cannot defile him;

19because it goeth not into his heart, but into his belly, and goeth out into the draught? [This he said], making all meats clean.

20And he said, That which proceedeth out of the man, that defileth the man.

21For from within, out of the heart of men, evil thoughts proceed, fornications, thefts, murders, adulteries,

22covetings, wickednesses, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, railing, pride, foolishness:

23all these evil things proceed from within, and defile the man.

24And from thence he arose, and went away into the borders of Tyre and Sidon. And he entered into a house, and would have no man know it; and he could not be hid.

25But straightway a woman, whose little daughter had an unclean spirit, having heard of him, came and fell down at his feet.

26Now the woman was a Greek, a Syrophoenician by race. And she besought him that he would cast forth the demon out of her daughter.

27And he said unto her, Let the children first be filled: for it is not meet to take the children`s bread and cast it to the dogs.

28But she answered and saith unto him, Yea, Lord; even the dogs under the table eat of the children`s crumbs.

29And he said unto her, For this saying go thy way; the demon is gone out of thy daughter.

30And she went away unto her house, and found the child laid upon the bed, and the demon gone out.

31And again he went out from the borders of Tyre, and came through Sidon unto the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the borders of Decapolis.

32And they bring unto him one that was deaf, and had an impediment in his speech; and they beseech him to lay his hand upon him.

33And he took him aside from the multitude privately, and put his fingers into his ears, and he spat, and touched his tongue;

34and looking up to heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened.

35And his ears were opened, and the bond of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain.

36And he charged them that they should tell no man: but the more he charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it.

37And they were beyond measure astonished, saying, He hath done all things well; he maketh even the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak.

1Now the Pharisees and some of the experts in the law who came from Jerusalem gathered around him.

2And they saw that some of Jesus’ disciples ate their bread with unclean hands, that is, unwashed.

3(For the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat unless they perform a ritual washing, holding fast to the tradition of the elders.

4And when they come from the marketplace, they do not eat unless they wash. They hold fast to many other traditions: the washing of cups, pots, kettles, and dining couches.)

5The Pharisees and the experts in the law asked him, “Why do your disciples not live according to the tradition of the elders, but eat with unwashed hands?”

6He said to them, “Isaiah prophesied correctly about you hypocrites, as it is written:“‘This people honors me with their lips,but their hearts are far from me.

7They worship me in vain,teaching as doctrine the commandments of men.’

8Having no regard for the command of God, you hold fast to human tradition.”

9He also said to them, “You neatly reject the commandment of God in order to set up your tradition.

10For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ and, ‘Whoever insults his father or mother must be put to death.’

11But you say that if anyone tells his father or mother, ‘Whatever help you would have received from me is corban’ (that is, a gift for God),

12then you no longer permit him to do anything for his father or mother.

13Thus you nullify the word of God by your tradition that you have handed down. And you do many things like this.”

14Then he called the crowd again and said to them, “Listen to me, everyone, and understand.

15There is nothing outside of a person that can defile him by going into him. Rather, it is what comes out of a person that defiles him.”

16[This verse is not included in the NET; see KJV/ASV for the traditional rendering.]

17Now when Jesus had left the crowd and entered the house, his disciples asked him about the parable.

18He said to them, “Are you so foolish? Don’t you understand that whatever goes into a person from outside cannot defile him?

19For it does not enter his heart but his stomach, and then goes out into the sewer.” (This means all foods are clean.)

20He said, “What comes out of a person defiles him.

21For from within, out of the human heart, come evil ideas, sexual immorality, theft, murder,

22adultery, greed, evil, deceit, debauchery, envy, slander, pride, and folly.

23All these evils come from within and defile a person.”

24After Jesus left there, he went to the region of Tyre. When he went into a house, he did not want anyone to know, but he was not able to escape notice.

25Instead, a woman whose young daughter had an unclean spirit immediately heard about him and came and fell at his feet.

26The woman was a Greek, of Syrophoenician origin. She asked him to cast the demon out of her daughter.

27He said to her, “Let the children be satisfied first, for it is not right to take the children’s bread and to throw it to the dogs.”

28She answered, “Yes, Lord, but even the dogs under the table eat the children’s crumbs.”

29Then he said to her, “Because you said this, you may go. The demon has left your daughter.”

30She went home and found the child lying on the bed, and the demon gone.

31Then Jesus went out again from the region of Tyre and came through Sidon to the Sea of Galilee in the region of the Decapolis.

32They brought to him a deaf man who had difficulty speaking, and they asked him to place his hands on him.

33After Jesus took him aside privately, away from the crowd, he put his fingers in the man’s ears, and after spitting, he touched his tongue.

34Then he looked up to heaven and said with a sigh, “Ephphatha” (that is, “Be opened”).

35And immediately the man’s ears were opened, his tongue loosened, and he spoke plainly.

36Jesus ordered them not to tell anyone. But as much as he ordered them not to do this, they proclaimed it all the more.

37People were completely astounded and said, “He has done everything well. He even makes the deaf hear and the mute speak.”

1Then the Pharisees and some of the scribes gathered together to him, having come from Jerusalem.

2Now when they saw some of his disciples eating bread with defiled, that is unwashed, hands, they found fault.

3(For the Pharisees and all the Jews, don’t eat unless they wash their hands and forearms, holding to the tradition of the elders.

4They don’t eat when they come from the marketplace unless they bathe themselves, and there are many other things, which they have received to hold to: washings of cups, pitchers, bronze vessels, and couches.)

5The Pharisees and the scribes asked him, “Why don’t your disciples walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with unwashed hands?”

6He answered them, “Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written, ‘This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me.

7But they worship me in vain, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’

8“For you set aside the commandment of God, and hold tightly to the tradition of men—the washing of pitchers and cups, and you do many other such things.”

9He said to them, “Full well do you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition.

10For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother;’ and, ‘He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.’

11But you say, ‘If a man tells his father or his mother, “Whatever profit you might have received from me is Corban, that is to say, given to God”;’

12then you no longer allow him to do anything for his father or his mother,

13making void the word of God by your tradition, which you have handed down. You do many things like this.”

14He called all the multitude to himself, and said to them, “Hear me, all of you, and understand.

15There is nothing from outside of the man, that going into him can defile him; but the things which proceed out of the man are those that defile the man.

16If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear!”

17When he had entered into a house away from the multitude, his disciples asked him about the parable.

18He said to them, “Are you also without understanding? Don’t you perceive that whatever goes into the man from outside can’t defile him,

19because it doesn’t go into his heart, but into his stomach, then into the latrine, thus purifying all foods?”

20He said, “That which proceeds out of the man, that defiles the man.

21For from within, out of the hearts of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, sexual sins, murders, thefts,

22covetings, wickedness, deceit, lustful desires, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, and foolishness.

23All these evil things come from within, and defile the man.”

24From there he arose, and went away into the borders of Tyre and Sidon. He entered into a house, and didn’t want anyone to know it, but he couldn’t escape notice.

25For a woman, whose little daughter had an unclean spirit, having heard of him, came and fell down at his feet.

26Now the woman was a Greek, a Syrophoenician by race. She begged him that he would cast the demon out of her daughter.

27But Jesus said to her, “Let the children be filled first, for it is not appropriate to take the children’s bread and throw it to the dogs.”

28But she answered him, “Yes, Lord. Yet even the dogs under the table eat the children’s crumbs.”

29He said to her, “For this saying, go your way. The demon has gone out of your daughter.”

30She went away to her house, and found the child having been laid on the bed, with the demon gone out.

31Again he departed from the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and came to the sea of Galilee, through the middle of the region of Decapolis.

32They brought to him one who was deaf and had an impediment in his speech. They begged him to lay his hand on him.

33He took him aside from the multitude, privately, and put his fingers into his ears, and he spat, and touched his tongue.

34Looking up to heaven, he sighed, and said to him, “Ephphatha!” that is, “Be opened!”

35Immediately his ears were opened, and the impediment of his tongue was released, and he spoke clearly.

36He commanded them that they should tell no one, but the more he commanded them, so much the more widely they proclaimed it.

37They were astonished beyond measure, saying, “He has done all things well. He makes even the deaf hear, and the mute speak!”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

When the Pharisees and scribes criticize Jesus' disciples for eating with unwashed hands, He confronts their elevation of human tradition over God's commandment and teaches that true defilement comes from within the heart, not from what enters the body (vv. 1-23). Traveling into Gentile territory near Tyre, He heals the demon-possessed daughter of a Syrophoenician woman after she persistently pleads her case (vv. 24-30). In the Decapolis, Jesus heals a deaf man with a speech impediment, touching his ears and tongue, and though He orders silence, the crowds spread the news all the more (vv. 31-37).

Authorship & Background

Author: John Mark (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 7 contains Jesus' confrontation with the Pharisees over tradition vs. God's commands (vv.1-23), the healing of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter (vv.24-30), and the healing of a deaf man (vv.31-37). Mark explains Jewish customs for his Gentile readers (vv.3-4) — confirming his non-Jewish audience.
Classification: Gospel — Narrative
Key Themes: A hand-washing tradition used to nullify a command Moses actually gave, honoring God with the lips while the heart stays far away, thirteen sins traced to what comes out of a man rather than what goes in, a Gentile woman who accepts the insult and argues from inside it, and Ephphatha spoken privately with a sigh Mark leaves unexplained
Tradition vs. Scripture (vv.1-19): The Pharisees challenged Jesus because His disciples didn't follow the ritual hand-washing tradition. Jesus' response is devastating: they honor God with their lips but their hearts are far from Him (Isaiah 29:13). They use tradition to nullify God's actual commands — specifically the "Corban" loophole that allowed people to avoid supporting their parents.
The Heart as the Source of Sin (vv.20-23): Jesus lists thirteen sins that come "from within, out of the heart of men." This is one of the most comprehensive sin lists in the Gospels — and it demolishes any notion that defilement is external. The problem is not what goes into a man but what comes out.
The Syrophoenician Woman (vv.24-30): A Gentile woman whose daughter is demon-possessed. Jesus' response about "children's bread" and "dogs" tests her faith. She passes brilliantly — accepting her position but arguing that even dogs get crumbs. Jesus commends her faith and heals her daughter at a distance.
Ephphatha (vv.31-37): A deaf man with an impediment in his speech, and the healing is unusually physical and private. He took him aside from the multitude, put his fingers into his ears, spit, touched his tongue, looked up, sighed, and said one word which Mark preserves in Aramaic and then translates, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened. The sigh is left unexplained. Then the same charge as everywhere in this Gospel and the same result, he charged them that they should tell no man, but the more he charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it. The crowd's verdict closes the chapter, he hath done all things well.

Map & Geography

  • Tyre and Sidon (v.24, 31): Jesus withdrew to the region of Tyre (Phoenicia/modern Lebanon), about 35 miles northwest of the Sea of Galilee — deep into Gentile territory.
  • Decapolis (v.31): Jesus returned through the region of the Decapolis (ten Greek cities east of the Jordan and Sea of Galilee). The deaf man was healed here.
  • The geographic movement shows Jesus ministering among Gentiles — previewing the universal reach of the Gospel.

Places on this map

  • TyreSour, LebanonOriginally an island fortress a half mile off the Phoenician coast, which is why it held out against Assyria and Babylon and only fell when Alexander built a causeway to it. That causeway silted up, and Tyre has been a peninsula ever since. Wikipedia
  • SidonSidon, LebanonA Phoenician harbour city 25 miles north of Tyre and about 60 miles from Nazareth. Older than Tyre and often paired with it; Jezebel came from its royal house, and Elijah was fed by a widow in its territory at Zarephath. Wikipedia
  • Phoeniciacoastal LebanonA narrow strip of coast backed hard against the Lebanon range, with too little farmland to feed itself and excellent harbours. That combination made its cities trade by sea, plant colonies as far as Spain, and supply Israel with timber, craftsmen and Jezebel. Wikipedia
  • LebanonMount Lebanon range, LebanonIn the Bible this is the mountain range, not the modern country: a snow-capped wall rising over 10,000 feet behind the Phoenician coast. Its cedar was the prestige timber of the ancient Near East and both the tabernacle's successors and Solomon's temple were built from it. Wikipedia
  • Sea of GalileeLake Kinneret, IsraelA freshwater lake 13 miles by 8, sunk 700 feet below sea level in a bowl of hills. Cold air spilling over the rim onto warm water is what produces the sudden violent squalls the Gospels keep describing. Wikipedia
  • Decapolisnorthern Jordan and southern SyriaA cluster of Greek-speaking cities east and south-east of the Sea of Galilee, Gerasa and Gadara among them, self-governing under Rome. Gentile territory a day's walk from Jewish Galilee, which is why there were pigs there to drown. Wikipedia
  • Jordan RiverIsrael / Jordan borderRuns about 65 miles as the crow flies from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, dropping from 700 to 1,400 feet below sea level. Narrow enough to wade at most fords, it was still the boundary that divided wilderness from inheritance. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the tradition vs. Scripture conflict, the Corban loophole, the heart as the source of sin, the Syrophoenician woman's faith, and the deaf man's healing.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Faith & Humility — Mark 7:24-8:10 Explained
David Guzik

Sighs from the Christ - Mark 7:34, 8:12
David Guzik

When A Rite Is Wrong — Mark 7:1-23 Explained
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Mark -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Lips That Honor, Hearts That Wander (vv.6-7) — Jesus quoted Isaiah to describe people who honor God with their words while their hearts stay distant from Him. Is there a gap between what you say about God and how you actually live day to day?
  • Religious Language Used to Dodge Real Obligation (vv.11-13) — The Pharisees had found a way to call their money devoted to God so they wouldn't have to use it to care for their aging parents. Where might you be using religious activity or language to avoid a genuine responsibility to the people around you?
  • The Real Source of Defilement (vv.15, 21-23) — Jesus taught that what makes a person unclean isn't anything external but the sin that comes out of the heart. What excuse have you been making for your sin by blaming your circumstances instead of dealing with your heart?
  • Faith That Won't Take No for an Answer (v.28) — The Syrophoenician woman accepted Jesus' hard words and still found a way to press her request, and her persistence moved Him to heal her daughter. How persistent is your prayer when God seems to delay or stay silent?
  • Moved by Compassion Before He Healed (v.34) — Before restoring the deaf man's hearing, Jesus sighed, visibly moved by the man's suffering. Does knowing that Jesus feels your pain change how honestly you bring your struggles to Him?
  • He Has Done All Things Well (v.37) — After witnessing the healing, the crowd could only say that Jesus does everything well. What would need to change in your life for that same verdict to be true of how you live?