1 Corinthians — Chapter 10
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1I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, that our forefathers were all under the cloud, and that they all passed through the sea.
2They were all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea.
3They all ate the same spiritual food
4and drank the same spiritual drink; for they drank from the spiritual rock that accompanied them, and that rock was Christ.
5Nevertheless, God was not pleased with most of them, for they were struck down in the wilderness.
6These things took place as examples to keep us from craving evil things as they did.
7Do not be idolaters, as some of them were. As it is written: “The people sat down to eat and drink and got up to indulge in revelry.”
8We should not commit sexual immorality, as some of them did, and in one day twenty-three thousand of them died.
9We should not test Christ, as some of them did, and were killed by snakes.
10And do not complain, as some of them did, and were killed by the destroying angel.
11Now these things happened to them as examples and were written down as warnings for us, on whom the fulfillment of the ages has come.
12So the one who thinks he is standing firm should be careful not to fall.
13No temptation has seized you except what is common to man. And God is faithful; He will not let you be tempted beyond what you can bear. But when you are tempted, He will also provide an escape, so that you can stand up under it.
14Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.
15I speak to reasonable people; judge for yourselves what I say.
16Is not the cup of blessing that we bless a participation in the blood of Christ? And is not the bread that we break a participation in the body of Christ?
17Because there is one loaf, we who are many are one body; for we all partake of the one loaf.
18Consider the people of Israel: Are not those who eat the sacrifices fellow partakers in the altar?
19Am I suggesting, then, that food sacrificed to an idol is anything, or that an idol is anything?
20No, but the sacrifices of pagans are offered to demons, not to God. And I do not want you to be participants with demons.
21You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons too; you cannot partake in the table of the Lord and the table of demons too.
22Are we trying to provoke the Lord to jealousy? Are we stronger than He?
23“Everything is permissible,” but not everything is beneficial. “Everything is permissible,” but not everything is edifying.
24No one should seek his own good, but the good of others.
25Eat anything sold in the meat market without raising questions of conscience,
26for, “The earth is the Lord’s, and the fullness thereof.”
27If an unbeliever invites you to a meal and you want to go, eat anything set before you without raising questions of conscience.
28But if someone tells you, “This food was offered to idols,” then do not eat it, for the sake of the one who told you and for the sake of conscience—
29the other one’s conscience, I mean, not your own. For why should my freedom be determined by someone else’s conscience?
30If I partake in the meal with thankfulness, why am I denounced because of that for which I give thanks?
31So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all to the glory of God.
32Do not become a stumbling block, whether to Jews or Greeks or the church of God—
33as I also try to please everyone in all I do. For I am not seeking my own good, but the good of many, that they may be saved.
1Moreover, brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant, how that all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea;
2And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea;
3And did all eat the same spiritual meat;
4And did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ.
5But with many of them God was not well pleased: for they were overthrown in the wilderness.
6Now these things were our examples, to the intent we should not lust after evil things, as they also lusted.
7Neither be ye idolaters, as were some of them; as it is written, The people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play.
8Neither let us commit fornication, as some of them committed, and fell in one day three and twenty thousand.
9Neither let us tempt Christ, as some of them also tempted, and were destroyed of serpents.
10Neither murmur ye, as some of them also murmured, and were destroyed of the destroyer.
11Now all these things happened unto them for ensamples: and they are written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come.
12Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall.
13There hath no temptation taken you but such as is common to man: but God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye may be able to bear it.
14Wherefore, my dearly beloved, flee from idolatry.
15I speak as to wise men; judge ye what I say.
16The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?
17For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread.
18Behold Israel after the flesh: are not they which eat of the sacrifices partakers of the altar?
19What say I then? that the idol is any thing, or that which is offered in sacrifice to idols is any thing?
20But I say, that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and not to God: and I would not that ye should have fellowship with devils.
21Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord’s table, and of the table of devils.
22Do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? are we stronger than he?
23All things are lawful for me, but all things are not expedient: all things are lawful for me, but all things edify not.
24Let no man seek his own, but every man another’s wealth.
25Whatsoever is sold in the shambles, that eat, asking no question for conscience sake:
26For the earth is the Lord’s, and the fulness thereof.
27If any of them that believe not bid you to a feast, and ye be disposed to go; whatsoever is set before you, eat, asking no question for conscience sake.
28But if any man say unto you, This is offered in sacrifice unto idols, eat not for his sake that shewed it, and for conscience sake: for the earth is the Lord’s, and the fulness thereof:
29Conscience, I say, not thine own, but of the other: for why is my liberty judged of another man’s conscience?
30For if I by grace be a partaker, why am I evil spoken of for that for which I give thanks?
31Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God.
32Give none offence, neither to the Jews, nor to the Gentiles, nor to the church of God:
33Even as I please all men in all things, not seeking mine own profit, but the profit of many, that they may be saved.
1For I would not, brethren, have you ignorant, that our fathers were all under the cloud, and all passed through the sea;
2and were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea;
3and did all eat the same spiritual food;
4and did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of a spiritual rock that followed them: and the rock was Christ.
5Howbeit with most of them God was not well pleased: for they were overthrown in the wilderness.
6Now these things were our examples, to the intent we should not lust after evil things, as they also lusted.
7Neither be ye idolaters, as were some of them; as it is written, The people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play.
8Neither let us commit fornication, as some of them committed, and fell in one day three and twenty thousand.
9Neither let us make trial of the Lord, as some of them made trial, and perished by the serpents.
10Neither murmur ye, as some of them murmured, and perished by the destroyer.
11Now these things happened unto them by way of example; and they were written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the ages are come.
12Wherefore let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall.
13There hath no temptation taken you but such as man can bear: but God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation make also the way of escape, that ye may be able to endure it.
14Wherefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.
15I speak as to wise men; judge ye what I say.
16The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a communion of the body of Christ?
17seeing that we, who are many, are one bread, one body: for we are all partake of the one bread.
18Behold Israel after the flesh: have not they that eat the sacrifices communion with the altar?
19What say I then? that a thing sacrificed to idols is anything, or that an idol is anything?
20But [I say], that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons, and not to God: and I would not that ye should have communion with demons.
21Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of demons: ye cannot partake of the table of the Lord, and of the table of demons.
22Or do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? are we stronger than he?
23All things are lawful; but not all things are expedient. All things are lawful; but not all things edify.
24Let no man seek his own, but [each] his neighbor`s [good].
25Whatsoever is sold in the shambles, eat, asking no question for conscience` sake,
26for the earth is the Lord`s, and the fulness thereof.
27If one of them that believe not biddeth you [to a feast], and ye are disposed to go; whatsoever is set before you, eat, asking no question for conscience` sake.
28But if any man say unto you, This hath been offered in sacrifice, eat not, for his sake that showed it, and for conscience sake:
29conscience, I say, not thine own, but the other`s; for why is my liberty judged by another conscience?
30If I partake with thankfulness, why am I evil spoken of for that for which I give thanks?
31Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God.
32Give no occasions of stumbling, either to Jews, or to Greeks, or to the church of God:
33even as I also please all men in all things, not seeking mine own profit, but the [profit] of the many, that they may be saved.
1For I do not want you to be unaware, brothers and sisters, that our fathers were all under the cloud and all passed through the sea,
2and all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea,
3and all ate the same spiritual food,
4and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they were all drinking from the spiritual rock that followed them, and the rock was Christ.
5But God was not pleased with most of them, for they were cut down in the wilderness.
6These things happened as examples for us, so that we will not crave evil things as they did.
7So do not be idolaters, as some of them were. As it is written, “The people sat down to eat and drink and rose up to play.”
8And let us not be immoral, as some of them were, and 23,000 died in a single day.
9And let us not put Christ to the test, as some of them did, and were destroyed by snakes.
10And do not complain, as some of them did, and were killed by the destroying angel.
11These things happened to them as examples and were written for our instruction, on whom the ends of the ages have come.
12So let the one who thinks he is standing be careful that he does not fall.
13No trial has overtaken you that is not faced by others. And God is faithful: He will not let you be tried beyond what you are able to bear, but with the trial will also provide a way out so that you may be able to endure it.
14So then, my dear friends, flee from idolatry.
15I am speaking to thoughtful people. Consider what I say.
16Is not the cup of blessing that we bless a sharing in the blood of Christ? Is not the bread that we break a sharing in the body of Christ?
17Because there is one bread, we who are many are one body, for we all share the one bread.
18Look at the people of Israel. Are not those who eat the sacrifices partners in the altar?
19Am I saying that idols or food sacrificed to them amount to anything?
20No, I mean that what the pagans sacrifice is to demons and not to God. I do not want you to be partners with demons.
21You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons. You cannot take part in the table of the Lord and the table of demons.
22Or are we trying to provoke the Lord to jealousy? Are we really stronger than he is?
23“Everything is lawful,” but not everything is beneficial. “Everything is lawful,” but not everything builds others up.
24Do not seek your own good, but the good of the other person.
25Eat anything that is sold in the marketplace without questions of conscience,
26for the earth and its abundance are the Lord’s.
27If an unbeliever invites you to dinner and you want to go, eat whatever is served without asking questions of conscience.
28But if someone says to you, “This is from a sacrifice,” do not eat, because of the one who told you and because of conscience—
29I do not mean yours but the other person’s. For why is my freedom being judged by another’s conscience?
30If I partake with thankfulness, why am I blamed for the food that I give thanks for?
31So whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do everything for the glory of God.
32Do not give offense to Jews or Greeks or to the church of God,
33just as I also try to please everyone in all things. I do not seek my own benefit, but the benefit of many, so that they may be saved.
1Now I would not have you ignorant, brothers, that our fathers were all under the cloud, and all passed through the sea;
2and were all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea;
3and all ate the same spiritual food;
4and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank of a spiritual rock that followed them, and the rock was Christ.
5However with most of them, God was not well pleased, for they were overthrown in the wilderness.
6Now these things were our examples, to the intent we should not lust after evil things, as they also lusted.
7Don’t be idolaters, as some of them were. As it is written, “The people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play.”
8Let us not commit sexual immorality, as some of them committed, and in one day twenty-three thousand fell.
9Let us not test Christ, as some of them tested, and perished by the serpents.
10Don’t grumble, as some of them also grumbled, and perished by the destroyer.
11Now all these things happened to them by way of example, and they were written for our admonition, on whom the ends of the ages have come.
12Therefore let him who thinks he stands be careful that he doesn’t fall.
13No temptation has taken you except what is common to man. God is faithful, who will not allow you to be tempted above what you are able, but will with the temptation also make the way of escape, that you may be able to endure it.
14Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.
15I speak as to wise men. Judge what I say.
16The cup of blessing which we bless, isn’t it a sharing of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, isn’t it a sharing of the body of Christ?
17Because there is one loaf of bread, we, who are many, are one body; for we all partake of the one loaf of bread.
18Consider Israel according to the flesh. Don’t those who eat the sacrifices participate in the altar?
19What am I saying then? That a thing sacrificed to idols is anything, or that an idol is anything?
20But I say that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons, and not to God, and I don’t desire that you would have fellowship with demons.
21You can’t both drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons. You can’t both partake of the table of the Lord, and of the table of demons.
22Or do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? Are we stronger than he?
23“All things are lawful for me,” but not all things are profitable. “All things are lawful for me,” but not all things build up.
24Let no one seek his own, but each one his neighbor’s good.
25Whatever is sold in the butcher shop, eat, asking no question for the sake of conscience,
26for “the earth is the Lord’s, and its fullness.”
27But if one of those who don’t believe invites you to a meal, and you are inclined to go, eat whatever is set before you, asking no questions for the sake of conscience.
28But if anyone says to you, “This was offered to idols,” don’t eat it for the sake of the one who told you, and for the sake of conscience. For “the earth is the Lord’s, and all its fullness.”
29Conscience, I say, not your own, but the other’s conscience. For why is my liberty judged by another conscience?
30If I partake with thankfulness, why am I denounced for something I give thanks for?
31Whether therefore you eat, or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.
32Give no occasion for stumbling, either to Jews, or to Greeks, or to the assembly of God;
33even as I also please all men in all things, not seeking my own profit, but the profit of the many, that they may be saved.
Summary
Paul points to Israel's wilderness generation as a warning: though they were all under the cloud, passed through the sea, and shared spiritual food and drink from the Rock, which was Christ, most of them were still struck down by God for their disobedience (vv. 1-5). He lists their failures — idolatry, sexual immorality, testing Christ, and grumbling — as examples written down to warn believers living in the last days, concluding that anyone who thinks they are standing firm should be careful not to fall (vv. 6-12). He assures them that God is faithful and will not let them be tempted beyond what they can bear, always providing a way out (v. 13). From there Paul warns against idolatry directly, arguing that sharing the Lord's cup and bread at communion creates a real spiritual participation that cannot be mixed with participation in pagan sacrifices (vv. 14-22). He closes with practical guidance on food bought in the market or served by an unbeliever: it may generally be eaten without question, but should be avoided if it would offend someone's conscience, since the overriding goal in eating, drinking, or anything else is to do all things for God's glory and for the good of others (vv. 23-33).
Authorship & Background
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines Israel's warning, God's faithfulness in temptation, the incompatibility of Christ's table and demons' table, and the glory principle.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of 1 Corinthians -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Spiritual Privilege Isn't a Guarantee (vv.1-5) — Israel experienced the cloud, the sea, the manna, and the water, yet God was not pleased with most of them and they still fell. What are you leaning on besides ongoing faith and obedience to keep you spiritually secure?
- The Danger of Overconfidence (v.12) — Paul warns that anyone who thinks they're standing firm should be careful not to fall. Where are you most confident in your own spiritual strength — and could that be exactly where you're most vulnerable?
- God's Faithfulness in Temptation (v.13) — Paul promises that God won't allow temptation beyond what you can bear and will always provide a way through it. When you're in the middle of temptation, are you actively looking for that way of escape, or assuming there isn't one?
- Fleeing Rather Than Flirting With Idolatry (v.14) — Paul's command is to flee from idolatry entirely, not negotiate with it. What competes with God for your worship, trust, or affection right now — money, approval, comfort, control?
- You Cannot Serve Two Tables (v.21) — Paul says believers cannot share in the Lord's table and a table devoted to what opposes Him. Where might you be trying to hold onto both Christ and something incompatible with Him?
- Every Action as an Act of Worship (v.31) — Paul's summary command is that whatever believers do — even eating and drinking — should be done for God's glory. How would your ordinary daily choices change if you actually evaluated them by this standard?