Hosea — Chapter 10

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1Israel is an empty vine, he bringeth forth fruit unto himself: according to the multitude of his fruit he hath increased the altars; according to the goodness of his land they have made goodly images.

2Their heart is divided; now shall they be found faulty: he shall break down their altars, he shall spoil their images.

3For now they shall say, We have no king, because we feared not the LORD; what then should a king do to us?

4They have spoken words, swearing falsely in making a covenant: thus judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field.

5The inhabitants of Samaria shall fear because of the calves of Beth-aven: for the people thereof shall mourn over it, and the priests thereof that rejoiced on it, for the glory thereof, because it is departed from it.

6It shall be also carried unto Assyria for a present to king Jareb: Ephraim shall receive shame, and Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel.

7As for Samaria, her king is cut off as the foam upon the water.

8The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed: the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains, Cover us; and to the hills, Fall on us.

9O Israel, thou hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood: the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not overtake them.

10It is in my desire that I should chastise them; and the people shall be gathered against them, when they shall bind themselves in their two furrows.

11And Ephraim is as an heifer that is taught, and loveth to tread out the corn; but I passed over upon her fair neck: I will make Ephraim to ride; Judah shall plow, and Jacob shall break his clods.

12Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap in mercy; break up your fallow ground: for it is time to seek the LORD, till he come and rain righteousness upon you.

13Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies: because thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.

14Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy people, and all thy fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Beth-arbel in the day of battle: the mother was dashed in pieces upon her children.

15So shall Bethel do unto you because of your great wickedness: in a morning shall the king of Israel utterly be cut off.

1Israel is a luxuriant vine, that putteth forth his fruit: according to the abundance of his fruit he hath multiplied his altars; according to the goodness of their land they have made goodly pillars.

2Their heart is divided; now shall they be found guilty: he will smite their altars, he will destroy their pillars.

3Surely now shall they say, We have no king; for we fear not Jehovah; and the king, what can he do for us?

4They speak [vain] words, swearing falsely in making covenants: therefore judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field.

5The inhabitants of Samaria shall be in terror for the calves of Beth-aven; for the people thereof shall mourn over it, and the priests thereof that rejoiced over it, for the glory thereof, because it is departed from it.

6It also shall be carried unto Assyria for a present to king Jareb: Ephraim shall receive shame, and Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel.

7[As for] Samaria, her king is cut off, as foam upon the water.

8The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed: the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains, Cover us; and to the hills, Fall on us.

9O Israel, thou hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood; the battle against the children of iniquity doth not overtake them in Gibeah.

10When it is my desire, I will chastise them; and the peoples shall be gathered against them, when they are bound to their two transgressions.

11And Ephraim is a heifer that is taught, that loveth to tread out [the grain]; but I have passed over upon her fair neck: I will set a rider on Ephraim; Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods.

12Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap according to kindness; break up your fallow ground; for it is time to seek Jehovah, till he come and rain righteousness upon you.

13Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies; for thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.

14Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy people, and all thy fortresses shall be destroyed, as Shalman destroyed Beth-arbel in the day of battle: the mother was dashed in pieces with her children.

15So shall Beth-el do unto you because of your great wickedness: at daybreak shall the king of Israel be utterly cut off.

1Israel was a fertile vine that yielded fruit. As his fruit multiplied, he multiplied altars to Baal. As his land prospered, they adorned the fertility pillars.

2Their hearts are slipping; soon they will be punished for their guilt. The Lord will break their altars; he will completely destroy their fertility pillars.

3Very soon they will say, “We have no king since we did not fear the Lord. But what can a king do for us anyway?”

4They utter empty words, taking false oaths and making empty agreements. Therefore legal disputes sprout up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a plowed field.

5The inhabitants of Samaria will lament over the calf idol of Beth Aven. Its people will mourn over it; its idolatrous priests will wail over it, because its splendor will be taken from them into exile.

6Even the calf idol will be carried to Assyria as tribute for the great king. Ephraim will be disgraced; Israel will be put to shame because of its wooden idol.

7Samaria and its king will be carried off like a twig on the surface of the waters.

8The high places of the “House of Wickedness” will be destroyed; it is the place where Israel sins. Thorns and thistles will grow up over its altars. Then they will say to the mountains, “Cover us!” and to the hills, “Fall on us!”

9“O Israel, you have sinned since the time of Gibeah, and there you have remained. Did not war overtake the evildoers in Gibeah?

10When I please, I will discipline them; I will gather nations together to attack them, to bind them in chains for their two sins.

11“Ephraim was a well-trained heifer who loved to thresh grain; I myself put a fine yoke on her neck. I will harness Ephraim. Let Judah plow! Let Jacob break up the unplowed ground for himself!

12Sow righteousness for yourselves, reap unfailing love. Break up the unplowed ground for yourselves, for it is time to seek the Lord, until he comes and showers deliverance on you.

13But you have plowed wickedness; you have reaped injustice; you have eaten the fruit of deception. Because you have depended on your chariots; you have relied on your many warriors.

14“The roar of battle will rise against your people; all your fortresses will be devastated, just as Shalman devastated Beth Arbel on the day of battle, when mothers were dashed to the ground with their children.

15So will it happen to you, O Bethel, because of your great wickedness! When that day dawns, the king of Israel will be destroyed.

1Israel is a luxuriant vine that produces his fruit. According to the abundance of his fruit he has multiplied his altars. As their land has prospered, they have adorned their sacred stones.

2Their heart is divided. Now they will be found guilty. He will demolish their altars. He will destroy their sacred stones.

3Surely now they will say, “We have no king; for we don’t fear Yahweh; and the king, what can he do for us?”

4They make promises, swearing falsely in making covenants. Therefore judgment springs up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of the field.

5The inhabitants of Samaria will be in terror for the calves of Beth Aven; for its people will mourn over it, Along with its priests who rejoiced over it, for its glory, because it has departed from it.

6It also will be carried to Assyria for a present to a great king. Ephraim will receive shame, and Israel will be ashamed of his own counsel.

7Samaria and her king float away, like a twig on the water.

8The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, will be destroyed. The thorn and the thistle will come up on their altars. They will tell the mountains, “Cover us!” and the hills, “Fall on us!”

9“Israel, you have sinned from the days of Gibeah. There they remained. The battle against the children of iniquity doesn’t overtake them in Gibeah.

10When it is my desire, I will chastise them; and the nations will be gathered against them, when they are bound to their two transgressions.

11Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh; so I will put a yoke on her beautiful neck. I will set a rider on Ephraim. Judah will plow. Jacob will break his clods.

12Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap according to kindness. Break up your fallow ground; for it is time to seek Yahweh, until he comes and rains righteousness on you.

13You have plowed wickedness. You have reaped iniquity. You have eaten the fruit of lies, for you trusted in your way, in the multitude of your mighty men.

14Therefore a battle roar will arise among your people, and all your fortresses will be destroyed, as Shalman destroyed Beth Arbel in the day of battle. The mother was dashed in pieces with her children.

15So Bethel will do to you because of your great wickedness. At daybreak the king of Israel will be destroyed.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Israel is a luxuriant vine that produced fruit for itself — their prosperity led to more altars to false gods, and now God calls them to break up fallow ground and sow righteousness before judgment falls.

Authorship & Background

Author: Hosea son of Beeri. Prophesied to the northern kingdom (Israel) approximately 755-715 BC. Contemporary with Isaiah and Micah. Key theme: God's unfailing love for unfaithful Israel, illustrated through Hosea's marriage to Gomer (a prostitute). Despite Israel's spiritual adultery, God says: "I will heal their backsliding, I will love them freely" (14:4).
Classification: Prophetic Oracle — Sow Righteousness or Reap the Whirlwind Key Themes: Prosperity misused for idolatry, divided hearts, fallow ground, sowing and reaping, trusting in military might, the call to seek the LORD
Historical Context: Chapter 10 continues the agricultural imagery. Israel is a "luxuriant vine" (ESV) / "empty vine" (KJV) — fruitful materially but spiritually barren. The more prosperous they became, the more altars they built to false gods. Their heart is "divided" (v.2) — attempting to serve both God and Baal. The calf of Beth- aven (Bethel) will be carried off to Assyria as tribute. In the midst of judgment oracles, verse 12 shines as one of the most powerful calls to repentance in all the prophets: "Break up your fallow ground: for it is time to seek the LORD."
Structure:
  • The Luxuriant Vine: Prosperity Breeds Idolatry (vv.1-2)
  • Kingless and Helpless (vv.3-4)
  • The Calf Departs: Idols Carried Away (vv.5-8)
  • The Call: Sow Righteousness, Seek the LORD (vv.9-12)
  • The Harvest of Wickedness (vv.13-15)

Map & Geography

  • Samaria (v.5, v.7): Central region between Judea and Galilee; mixed Jewish-Gentile population.
  • Assyria (v.6): Empire to the northeast that conquered the northern kingdom of Israel (722 BC).
  • Bethel (v.15): City north of Jerusalem; site of Jacob's dream.

Videos

The Bible Project — Hosea Overview (Video)

Animated overview of the book of Hosea showing the literary structure, key themes, and how this book fits into the larger biblical narrative. Excellent visual introduction.

Reflection

  • 1. Prosperity can be your greatest spiritual danger (v.1). The MORE Israel had, the MORE they sinned. Success without God produces idolatry, not gratitude. Check: as your life improves, is your worship increasing or decreasing?
  • 2. A divided heart is a false heart (v.2). You cannot maintain loyalty to God and to the world simultaneously. The attempt itself is faithlessness. Choose. "Purify your hearts, ye double minded" (James 4:8).
  • 3. "Break up your fallow ground" (v.12). Hard-heartedness develops through neglect — seasons where you don't pray, don't read, don't respond to conviction. The ground of your heart becomes hard and unresponsive. BREAK IT UP. Repentance is the plow. Confession is the blade. Let God's Word penetrate again.
  • 4. "It is TIME to seek the LORD" (v.12). Urgency. Not tomorrow. Not when circumstances improve. Not when you feel like it. NOW. The time to seek God is always NOW. Every delay makes the ground harder.
  • 5. You always eat what you plant (v.13). Plowed wickedness? You'll eat lies. Sowed righteousness? You'll reap steadfast love. Life is a farm. What are you planting TODAY?