Hosea — Chapter 4

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1Hear the word of the LORD, O children of Israel, for the LORD has a case against the people of the land: “There is no truth, no loving devotion, and no knowledge of God in the land!

2Cursing and lying, murder and stealing, and adultery are rampant; one act of bloodshed follows another.

3Therefore the land mourns, and all who dwell in it will waste away with the beasts of the field and the birds of the air; even the fish of the sea disappear.

4But let no man contend; let no man offer reproof; for your people are like those who contend with a priest.

5You will stumble by day, and the prophet will stumble with you by night; so I will destroy your mother—

6My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge. Because you have rejected knowledge, I will also reject you as My priests. Since you have forgotten the law of your God, I will also forget your children.

7The more they multiplied, the more they sinned against Me; they exchanged their Glory for a thing of disgrace.

8They feed on the sins of My people and set their hearts on iniquity.

9And it shall be like people, like priest. I will punish both of them for their ways and repay them for their deeds.

10They will eat but not be satisfied; they will be promiscuous but not multiply. For they have abandoned the LORD to give themselves

11to promiscuity, wine, and new wine, which take away understanding.

12My people consult their wooden idols, and their divining rods inform them. For a spirit of prostitution leads them astray and they have played the harlot against their God.

13They sacrifice on the mountaintops and burn offerings on the hills, under oak, poplar, and terebinth, because their shade is pleasant. And so your daughters turn to prostitution and your daughters-in-law to adultery.

14I will not punish your daughters when they prostitute themselves, nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery. For the men themselves go off with prostitutes and offer sacrifices with shrine prostitutes. So a people without understanding will come to ruin.

15Though you prostitute yourself, O Israel, may Judah avoid such guilt! Do not journey to Gilgal, do not go up to Beth-aven, and do not swear on oath, ‘As surely as the LORD lives!’

16For Israel is as obstinate as a stubborn heifer. Can the LORD now shepherd them like lambs in an open meadow?

17Ephraim is joined to idols; leave him alone!

18When their liquor is gone, they turn to prostitution; their rulers dearly love disgrace.

19The whirlwind has wrapped them in its wings, and their sacrifices will bring them shame.

1Hear the word of the LORD, ye children of Israel: for the LORD hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is no truth, nor mercy, nor knowledge of God in the land.

2By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood toucheth blood.

3Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish, with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven; yea, the fishes of the sea also shall be taken away.

4Yet let no man strive, nor reprove another: for thy people are as they that strive with the priest.

5Therefore shalt thou fall in the day, and the prophet also shall fall with thee in the night, and I will destroy thy mother.

6My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will also forget thy children.

7As they were increased, so they sinned against me: therefore will I change their glory into shame.

8They eat up the sin of my people, and they set their heart on their iniquity.

9And there shall be, like people, like priest: and I will punish them for their ways, and reward them their doings.

10For they shall eat, and not have enough: they shall commit whoredom, and shall not increase: because they have left off to take heed to the LORD.

11Whoredom and wine and new wine take away the heart.

12My people ask counsel at their stocks, and their staff declareth unto them: for the spirit of whoredoms hath caused them to err, and they have gone a whoring from under their God.

13They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and burn incense upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and elms, because the shadow thereof is good: therefore your daughters shall commit whoredom, and your spouses shall commit adultery.

14I will not punish your daughters when they commit whoredom, nor your spouses when they commit adultery: for themselves are separated with whores, and they sacrifice with harlots: therefore the people that doth not understand shall fall.

15Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Beth-aven, nor swear, The LORD liveth.

16For Israel slideth back as a backsliding heifer: now the LORD will feed them as a lamb in a large place.

17Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone.

18Their drink is sour: they have committed whoredom continually: her rulers with shame do love, Give ye.

19The wind hath bound her up in her wings, and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices.

1Hear the word of Jehovah, ye children of Israel; for Jehovah hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is no truth, nor goodness, nor knowledge of God in the land.

2There is nought but swearing and breaking faith, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery; they break out, and blood toucheth blood.

3Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish, with the beasts of the field and the birds of the heavens; yea, the fishes of the sea also shall be taken away.

4Yet let no man strive, neither let any man reprove; for thy people are as they that strive with the priest.

5And thou shalt stumble in the day, and the prophet also shall stumble with thee in the night; and I will destroy thy mother.

6My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I also will forget thy children.

7As they were multiplied, so they sinned against me: I will change their glory into shame.

8They feed on the sin of my people, and set their heart on their iniquity.

9And it shall be, like people, like priest; and I will punish them for their ways, and will requite them their doings.

10And they shall eat, and not have enough; they shall play the harlot, and shall not increase; because they have left off taking heed to Jehovah.

11Whoredom and wine and new wine take away the understanding.

12My people ask counsel at their stock, and their staff declareth unto them; for the spirit of whoredom hath caused them to err, and they have played the harlot, [departing] from under their God.

13They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains, and burn incense upon the hills, under oaks and poplars and terebinths, because the shadow thereof is good: therefore your daughters play the harlot, and your brides commit adultery.

14I will not punish your daughters when they play the harlot, nor your brides when they commit adultery; for [the men] themselves go apart with harlots, and they sacrifice with the prostitutes; and the people that doth not understand shall be overthrown.

15Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend; and come not ye unto Gilgal, neither go ye up to Beth-aven, nor swear, As Jehovah liveth.

16For Israel hath behaved himself stubbornly, like a stubborn heifer: now will Jehovah feed them as a lamb in a large place.

17Ephraim is joined to idols; let him alone.

18Their drink is become sour; they play the harlot continually; her rulers dearly love shame.

19The wind hath wrapped her up in its wings; and they shall be put to shame because of their sacrifices.

1Listen to the Lord’s message, you Israelites! For the Lord has a covenant lawsuit against the people of Israel. For there is neither faithfulness nor loyalty in the land, nor do they acknowledge God.

2There is only cursing, lying, murder, stealing, and adultery. They resort to violence and bloodshed.

3Therefore the land will mourn, and all its inhabitants will perish. The wild animals, the birds of the sky, and even the fish in the sea will perish.

4Do not let anyone accuse or contend against anyone else, for my case is against you priests!

5You stumble day and night, and the false prophets stumble with you; you have destroyed your own people.

6You have destroyed my people by failing to acknowledge me! Because you refuse to acknowledge me, I will reject you as my priests. Because you reject the law of your God, I will reject your descendants.

7The more the priests increased in numbers, the more they rebelled against me. They have turned their glorious calling into a shameful disgrace!

8They feed on the sin offerings of my people; their appetites long for their iniquity!

9I will deal with the people and priests together: I will punish them both for their ways, and I will repay them for their deeds.

10They will eat, but not be satisfied; they will engage in prostitution, but not increase in numbers because they have abandoned the Lord by pursuing other gods.

11Old and new wine take away the understanding of my people.

12They consult their wooden idols, and their diviner’s staff answers with an oracle. The wind of prostitution blows them astray; they commit spiritual adultery against their God.

13They sacrifice on the mountaintops and burn offerings on the hills; they sacrifice under oak, poplar, and terebinth, because their shade is so pleasant. As a result, your daughters have become cult prostitutes, and your daughters-in-law commit adultery!

14I will not punish your daughters when they commit prostitution, nor your daughters-in-law when they commit adultery. For the men consort with harlots; they sacrifice with temple prostitutes. It is true: “A people that lacks understanding will come to ruin!”

15Although you, O Israel, commit adultery, do not let Judah become guilty! Do not journey to Gilgal. Do not go up to Beth Aven. Do not swear, “As surely as the Lord lives!”

16Israel has rebelled like a stubborn heifer! Soon the Lord will put them out to pasture like a lamb in a broad field.

17Ephraim has attached himself to idols; Do not go near him!

18They consume their alcohol, then engage in cult prostitution; they dearly love their shameful behavior.

19A whirlwind has wrapped them in its wings; they will be brought to shame because of their idolatrous worship.

1Hear Yahweh’s word, you children of Israel; for Yahweh has a charge against the inhabitants of the land: “Indeed there is no truth, nor goodness, nor knowledge of God in the land.

2There is cursing, lying, murder, stealing, and committing adultery; they break boundaries, and bloodshed causes bloodshed.

3Therefore the land will mourn, and everyone who dwells therein will waste away. all living things in her, even the animals of the field and the birds of the sky; yes, the fish of the sea also die.

4“Yet let no man bring a charge, neither let any man accuse; For your people are like those who bring charges against a priest.

5You will stumble in the day, and the prophet will also stumble with you in the night; and I will destroy your mother.

6My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge. Because you have rejected knowledge, I will also reject you, that you may be no priest to me. Because you have forgotten your God’s law, I will also forget your children.

7As they were multiplied, so they sinned against me. I will change their glory into shame.

8They feed on the sin of my people, and set their heart on their iniquity.

9It will be, like people, like priest; and I will punish them for their ways, and will repay them for their deeds.

10They will eat, and not have enough. They will play the prostitute, and will not increase; because they have abandoned giving to Yahweh.

11Prostitution, wine, and new wine take away understanding.

12My people consult with their wooden idol, and answer to a stick of wood. Indeed the spirit of prostitution has led them astray, and they have been unfaithful to their God.

13They sacrifice on the tops of the mountains, and burn incense on the hills, under oaks and poplars and terebinths, because its shade is good. Therefore your daughters play the prostitute, and your brides commit adultery.

14I will not punish your daughters when they play the prostitute, nor your brides when they commit adultery; because the men consort with prostitutes, and they sacrifice with the shrine prostitutes; so the people without understanding will come to ruin.

15“Though you, Israel, play the prostitute, yet don’t let Judah offend; and don’t come to Gilgal, neither go up to Beth Aven, nor swear, ‘As Yahweh lives.’

16For Israel has behaved extremely stubbornly, like a stubborn heifer. Then how will Yahweh feed them like a lamb in a meadow.

17Ephraim is joined to idols. Leave him alone!

18Their drink has become sour. They play the prostitute continually. Her rulers dearly love their shameful way.

19The wind has wrapped her up in its wings; and they shall be disappointed because of their sacrifices.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

The LORD brings a legal complaint against Israel because there is no faithfulness, steadfast love, or knowledge of God in the land, only swearing, lying, murder, theft, and adultery (vv. 1-2). As a result the land itself mourns and its creatures waste away (v. 3). God specifically indicts the priests for failing to teach his law, declaring "my people are destroyed for lack of knowledge" and that because they rejected knowledge, he will reject them from serving as priests (vv. 4-6). The people consult wooden idols and are led astray by a spirit of prostitution, sacrificing on hilltops and under trees while their daughters and daughters-in-law fall into sexual sin (vv. 11-13). God warns Judah not to follow Ephraim's example, since Ephraim is joined to idols and given over to stubbornness, drunkenness, and shameless sin (vv. 15-19).

Authorship & Background

Author: Hosea son of Beeri. Prophesied to the northern kingdom (Israel) approximately 755-715 BC. Contemporary with Isaiah and Micah. Key theme: God's unfailing love for unfaithful Israel, illustrated through Hosea's marriage to Gomer (a prostitute). Despite Israel's spiritual adultery, God says: "I will heal their backsliding, I will love them freely" (14:4).
Classification: Prophetic Oracle — God's Case Against Israel
Key Themes: God's lawsuit against His people, failed priesthood, destruction through ignorance, the spirit of whoredom, like people like priest, creation groaning under human sin
Historical Context: Chapter 4 begins the second major section of Hosea (chs.4-14), moving from personal narrative (Hosea's marriage) to national indictment. God brings a formal "controversy" (Hebrew "rib" = legal case/lawsuit) against Israel. The charges read like a reversal of the Ten Commandments: no truth, no mercy, no knowledge of God — instead, swearing, lying, killing, stealing, adultery. The priests — who should have taught God's law — have themselves rejected knowledge. The result: the entire nation perishes in ignorance, and even creation suffers.
God's Lawsuit: The Charges (vv.1-3): Chapter 4 opens the second half of the book and changes genre. The marriage is behind us, and what stands in its place is a courtroom, the LORD hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land. The Hebrew is a legal term for a formal suit. The indictment is a list of absences followed by a list of acts: no truth, no mercy, no knowledge of God in the land, then swearing, lying, killing, stealing, adultery. Read in order it tracks the second table of the Ten Commandments. The verdict extends past the guilty, the land itself mourns and the fish of the sea are taken away.
Indictment of the Priesthood (vv.4-9): The charge narrows to those paid to prevent this. My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge, and the next clause identifies who withheld it, because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee. The priests were the teaching office, and they had an interest in the sin they were meant to correct, they eat up the sin of my people, because the offerings brought them food. Then the sentence that names the whole problem, like people, like priest. A nation does not rise above those who instruct it.
The Futility of Idolatry (vv.10-14): The fertility religion is measured against its own promises and fails them. They shall eat and not have enough, they shall commit whoredom and shall not increase. Baal was worshipped for exactly the increase it does not deliver. The chapter describes the hilltop shrines under oak and poplar and elm, and then refuses to single out the women, I will not punish your daughters when they commit whoredom, because the fathers were doing the same thing at the same shrines. The line about wine and new wine taking away the heart is offered as diagnosis rather than insult.
Warning to Judah: Do Not Follow Israel (vv.15-19): The oracle turns aside to speak to the southern kingdom, which is still standing. Though thou, Israel, play the harlot, yet let not Judah offend. The place names carry the argument: do not come to Gilgal, nor go up to Beth-aven, which means house of vanity and is Hosea's renaming of Bethel, house of God. The site of Jacob's ladder now houses a calf. Israel is called a backsliding heifer and Ephraim is left to its idols, and the chapter ends with the wind carrying them off, ashamed of their own devices.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Verse-by-verse commentary on this chapter, written for the everyday reader and freely available online.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Left Alone - Hosea 4:17
David Guzik

Hosea 4-5 | Lack of Knowledge | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Hosea -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Sin's Reach Beyond the Sinner (v.3) — The land itself, along with its animals and creatures, is described as suffering because of the people's sin. Are there ways your own choices have affected people or circumstances beyond yourself that you haven't fully considered?
  • Destroyed by Rejected Knowledge (v.6) — The people perish not from lack of access to truth but from actively rejecting the knowledge that was available to them. Are you actively pursuing what God has made available to know, or letting it sit unread and unconsidered?
  • Leaders Shape Those They Lead (v.9) — The priests' rejection of knowledge directly leads to the nation's downfall, showing how leadership failure spreads. If you have any influence over others — as a parent, mentor, or friend — how seriously are you taking the weight of that responsibility?
  • A Settled Disposition Toward Idolatry (v.12) — Israel's unfaithfulness is described as a spirit that has taken hold, not just occasional lapses. Have consistent small compromises in your own life hardened into a settled pattern rather than remaining occasional slips?
  • The Danger of Being Left Alone (v.17) — God declares that Ephraim, joined to idols, will simply be left alone rather than pursued further. If you still feel God's conviction over an area of your life, do you recognize that as evidence He hasn't given up on you?