Leviticus — Chapter 19

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1And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

2Speak unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say unto them, Ye shall be holy: for I the LORD your God

3Ye shall fear every man his mother, and his father, and keep my sabbaths: I

4Turn ye not unto idols, nor make to yourselves molten gods: I

5And if ye offer a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD, ye shall offer it at your own will.

6It shall be eaten the same day ye offer it, and on the morrow: and if ought remain until the third day, it shall be burnt in the fire.

7And if it be eaten at all on the third day, it

8Therefore

9And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field, neither shalt thou gather the gleanings of thy harvest.

10And thou shalt not glean thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather

11Ye shall not steal, neither deal falsely, neither lie one to another.

12And ye shall not swear by my name falsely, neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I

13Thou shalt not defraud thy neighbour, neither rob

14Thou shalt not curse the deaf, nor put a stumblingblock before the blind, but shalt fear thy God: I

15Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honour the person of the mighty:

16Thou shalt not go up and down

17Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thine heart: thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him.

18Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I

19Ye shall keep my statutes. Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with mingled seed: neither shall a garment mingled of linen and woollen come upon thee.

20And whosoever lieth carnally with a woman, that

21And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD, unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation,

22And the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering before the LORD for his sin which he hath done: and the sin which he hath done shall be forgiven him.

23And when ye shall come into the land, and shall have planted all manner of trees for food, then ye shall count the fruit thereof as uncircumcised: three years shall it be as uncircumcised unto you: it shall not be eaten of.

24But in the fourth year all the fruit thereof shall be holy to praise the LORD

25And in the fifth year shall ye eat of the fruit thereof, that it may yield unto you the increase thereof: I

26Ye shall not eat

27Ye shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard.

28Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you: I

29Do not prostitute thy daughter, to cause her to be a whore; lest the land fall to whoredom, and the land become full of wickedness.

30Ye shall keep my sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary: I

31Regard not them that have familiar spirits, neither seek after wizards, to be defiled by them: I

32Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head, and honour the face of the old man, and fear thy God: I

33And if a stranger sojourn with thee in your land, ye shall not vex him.

34But the stranger that dwelleth with you shall be unto you as one born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I

35Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in meteyard, in weight, or in measure.

36Just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin, shall ye have: I

37Therefore shall ye observe all my statutes, and all my judgments, and do them: I

1And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,

2Speak unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say unto them, Ye shall be holy; for I Jehovah your God am holy.

3Ye shall fear every man his mother, and his father; and ye shall keep my sabbaths: I am Jehovah your God.

4Turn ye not unto idols, nor make to yourselves molten gods: I am Jehovah your God.

5And when ye offer a sacrifice of peace-offerings unto Jehovah, ye shall offer it that ye may be accepted.

6It shall be eaten the same day ye offer it, and on the morrow: and if aught remain until the third day, it shall be burnt with fire.

7And if it be eaten at all on the third day, it is an abomination; it shall not be accepted:

8but every one that eateth it shall bear his iniquity, because he hath profaned the holy thing of Jehovah: and that soul shall be cut off from his people.

9And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field, neither shalt thou gather the gleaning of thy harvest.

10And thou shalt not glean thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather the fallen fruit of thy vineyard; thou shalt leave them for the poor and for the sojourner: I am Jehovah your God.

11Ye shall not steal; neither shall ye deal falsely, nor lie one to another.

12And ye shall not swear by my name falsely, and profane the name of thy God: I am Jehovah.

13Thou shalt not oppress thy neighbor, nor rob him: the wages of a hired servant shall not abide with thee all night until the morning.

14Thou shalt not curse the deaf, nor put a stumblingblock before the blind; but thou shalt fear thy God: I am Jehovah.

15Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment: thou shalt not respect the person of the poor, nor honor the person of the mighty; but in righteousness shalt thou judge thy neighbor.

16Thou shalt not go up and down as a talebearer among thy people: neither shalt thou stand against the blood of thy neighbor: I am Jehovah.

17Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thy heart: thou shalt surely rebuke thy neighbor, and not bear sin because of him.

18Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people; but thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself: I am Jehovah.

19Ye shall keep my statutes. Thou shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind: thou shalt not sow thy field with two kinds of seed: neither shall there come upon thee a garment of two kinds of stuff mingled together.

20And whosoever lieth carnally with a woman, that is a bondmaid, betrothed to a husband, and not at all redeemed, nor freedom given her; they shall be punished; they shall not be put to death, because she was not free.

21And he shall bring his trespass-offering unto Jehovah, unto the door of the tent of meeting, even a ram for a trespass-offering.

22And the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the trespass-offering before Jehovah for his sin which he hath sinned: and the sin which he hath sinned shall be forgiven him.

23And when ye shall come into the land, and shall have planted all manner of trees for food, then ye shall count the fruit thereof as their uncircumcision: three years shall they be as uncircumcised unto you; it shall not be eaten.

24But in the fourth year all the fruit thereof shall be holy, for giving praise unto Jehovah.

25And in the fifth year shall ye eat of the fruit thereof, that it may yield unto you the increase thereof: I am Jehovah your God.

26Ye shall not eat anything with the blood: neither shall ye use enchantments, nor practise augury.

27Ye shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard.

28Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you: I am Jehovah.

29Profane not thy daughter, to make her a harlot; lest the land fall to whoredom, and the land become full of wickedness.

30Ye shall keep my sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary; I am Jehovah.

31Turn ye not unto them that have familiar spirits, nor unto the wizards; seek them not out, to be defiled by them: I am Jehovah your God.

32Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head, and honor the face of the old man, and thou shalt fear thy God: I am Jehovah.

33And if a stranger sojourn with thee in your land, ye shall not do him wrong.

34The stranger that sojourneth with you shall be unto you as the home-born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were sojourners in the land of Egypt: I am Jehovah your God.

35Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in measures of length, of weight, or of quantity.

36Just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin, shall ye have: I am Jehovah your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.

37And ye shall observe all my statutes, and all mine ordinances, and do them: I am Jehovah.

1The Lord spoke to Moses:

2“Speak to the whole congregation of the Israelites and tell them, ‘You must be holy because I, the Lord your God, am holy.

3Each of you must respect his mother and his father, and you must keep my Sabbaths. I am the Lord your God.

4Do not turn to idols, and you must not make for yourselves gods of cast metal. I am the Lord your God.

5“‘When you sacrifice a peace-offering sacrifice to the Lord, you must sacrifice it so that it is accepted for you.

6It must be eaten on the day of your sacrifice and on the following day, but what is left over until the third day must be burned up.

7If, however, it is eaten on the third day, it is spoiled; it will not be accepted,

8and the one who eats it will bear his punishment for iniquity because he has profaned what is holy to the Lord. That person will be cut off from his people.

9“‘When you gather in the harvest of your land, you must not completely harvest the corner of your field, and you must not gather up the gleanings of your harvest.

10You must not pick your vineyard bare, and you must not gather up the fallen grapes of your vineyard. You must leave them for the poor and the resident foreigner. I am the Lord your God.

11“‘You must not steal, you must not tell lies, and you must not deal falsely with your fellow citizen.

12You must not swear falsely in my name, so that you do not profane the name of your God. I am the Lord.

13You must not oppress your neighbor or commit robbery against your neighbor. You must not withhold the wages of the hired laborer overnight until morning.

14You must not curse a deaf person or put a stumbling block in front of a blind person. You must fear your God; I am the Lord.

15“‘You must not deal unjustly in judgment: You must neither show partiality to the poor nor honor the rich. You must judge your fellow citizen fairly.

16You must not go about as a slanderer among your people. You must not stand idly by when your neighbor’s life is at stake. I am the Lord.

17You must not hate your brother in your heart. You must surely reprove your fellow citizen so that you do not incur sin on account of him.

18You must not take vengeance or bear a grudge against any of your people, but you must love your neighbor as yourself. I am the Lord.

19You must keep my statutes. You must not allow two different kinds of your animals to breed together, you must not sow your field with two different kinds of seed, and you must not wear a garment made of two different kinds of material.

20“‘When a man goes to bed with a woman for intercourse, although she is a slave woman designated for another man and she has not yet been ransomed, or freedom has not been granted to her, there will be an obligation to pay compensation. They must not be put to death, because she was not free.

21He must bring his guilt offering to the Lord at the entrance of the Meeting Tent, a guilt-offering ram,

22and the priest is to make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering before the Lord for his sin that he has committed, and he will be forgiven of his sin that he has committed.

23“‘When you enter the land and plant any fruit tree, you must consider its fruit to be forbidden. Three years it will be forbidden to you; it must not be eaten.

24In the fourth year all its fruit will be holy, praise offerings to the Lord.

25Then in the fifth year you may eat its fruit to add its produce to your harvest. I am the Lord your God.

26“‘You must not eat anything with the blood still in it. You must not practice either divination or soothsaying.

27You must not round off the corners of the hair on your head or ruin the corners of your beard.

28You must not slash your body for a dead person or incise a tattoo on yourself. I am the Lord.

29Do not profane your daughter by making her a prostitute, so that the land does not practice prostitution and become full of lewdness.

30“‘You must keep my Sabbaths and fear my sanctuary. I am the Lord.

31Do not turn to the spirits of the dead and do not seek familiar spirits to become unclean by them. I am the Lord your God.

32You must stand up in the presence of the aged, honor the presence of an elder, and fear your God. I am the Lord.

33When a resident foreigner lives with you in your land, you must not oppress him.

34The resident foreigner who lives with you must be to you as a native citizen among you; so you must love the foreigner as yourself, because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.

35You must not do injustice in the regulation of measures, whether of length, weight, or volume.

36You must have honest balances, honest weights, an honest ephah, and an honest hin. I am the Lord your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt.

37You must be sure to obey all my statutes and regulations. I am the Lord.’”

1Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

2“Speak to all the congregation of the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘You shall be holy; for I, Yahweh your God, am holy.

3“‘Each one of you shall respect his mother and his father. You shall keep my Sabbaths. I am Yahweh your God.

4“‘Don’t turn to idols, nor make molten gods for yourselves. I am Yahweh your God.

5“‘When you offer a sacrifice of peace offerings to Yahweh, you shall offer it so that you may be accepted.

6It shall be eaten the same day you offer it, and on the next day: and if anything remains until the third day, it shall be burned with fire.

7If it is eaten at all on the third day, it is an abomination. It will not be accepted;

8but everyone who eats it shall bear his iniquity, because he has profaned the holy thing of Yahweh, and that soul shall be cut off from his people.

9“‘When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not wholly reap the corners of your field, neither shall you gather the gleanings of your harvest.

10You shall not glean your vineyard, neither shall you gather the fallen grapes of your vineyard. You shall leave them for the poor and for the foreigner. I am Yahweh your God.

11“‘You shall not steal. “‘You shall not lie. “‘You shall not deceive one another.

12“‘You shall not swear by my name falsely, and profane the name of your God. I am Yahweh.

13“‘You shall not oppress your neighbor, nor rob him. “‘The wages of a hired servant shall not remain with you all night until the morning.

14“‘You shall not curse the deaf, nor put a stumbling block before the blind; but you shall fear your God. I am Yahweh.

15“‘You shall do no injustice in judgment. You shall not be partial to the poor, nor show favoritism to the great; but you shall judge your neighbor in righteousness.

16“‘You shall not go up and down as a slanderer among your people. “‘You shall not endanger the life of your neighbor. I am Yahweh.

17“‘You shall not hate your brother in your heart. You shall surely rebuke your neighbor, and not bear sin because of him.

18“‘You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people; but you shall love your neighbor as yourself. I am Yahweh.

19“‘You shall keep my statutes. “‘You shall not cross-breed different kinds of animals. “‘You shall not sow your field with two kinds of seed; “‘Don’t wear a garment made of two kinds of material.

20“‘If a man lies carnally with a woman who is a slave girl, pledged to be married to another man, and not ransomed, or given her freedom; they shall be punished. They shall not be put to death, because she was not free.

21He shall bring his trespass offering to Yahweh, to the door of the Tent of Meeting, even a ram for a trespass offering.

22The priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering before Yahweh for his sin which he has committed: and the sin which he has committed shall be forgiven him.

23“‘When you come into the land, and have planted all kinds of trees for food, then you shall count their fruit as forbidden. Three years they shall be forbidden to you. It shall not be eaten.

24But in the fourth year all its fruit shall be holy, for giving praise to Yahweh.

25In the fifth year you shall eat its fruit, that it may yield its increase to you. I am Yahweh your God.

26“‘You shall not eat any meat with the blood still in it. You shall not use enchantments, nor practice sorcery.

27“‘You shall not cut the hair on the sides of your head or clip off the edge of your beard.

28“‘You shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor tattoo any marks on you. I am Yahweh.

29“‘Don’t profane your daughter, to make her a prostitute; lest the land fall to prostitution, and the land become full of wickedness.

30“‘You shall keep my Sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary; I am Yahweh.

31“‘Don’t turn to those who are mediums, nor to the wizards. Don’t seek them out, to be defiled by them. I am Yahweh your God.

32“‘You shall rise up before the gray head, and honor the face of an old man, and you shall fear your God. I am Yahweh.

33“‘If a stranger lives as a foreigner with you in your land, you shall not do him wrong.

34The stranger who lives as a foreigner with you shall be to you as the native-born among you, and you shall love him as yourself; for you lived as foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am Yahweh your God.

35“‘You shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, in measures of length, of weight, or of quantity.

36You shall have just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin. I am Yahweh your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.

37“‘You shall observe all my statutes, and all my ordinances, and do them. I am Yahweh.’”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

God calls Israel to holiness in everyday life — love your neighbor as yourself, care for the poor, deal honestly, and revere God in all things.

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses. Leviticus is the third book of the Pentateuch, written during the wilderness period (approximately 1445-1405 BC). Hebrew title: "Vayikra" — "And He called." God speaks from the newly completed Tabernacle, giving Israel instructions for worship, sacrifice, and holy living.
Historical Context: Chapter 19 is the heart of the Holiness Code and one of the most remarkable chapters in the entire Bible. It opens with the foundational command: "Ye shall be holy: for I the LORD your God am holy" (v.2). What follows is a sweeping collection of laws that touch every area of life — family, worship, economics, agriculture, justice, speech, relationships, and love. The chapter is addressed to "all the congregation" (v.2) — not just priests, not just leaders, but every Israelite. Holiness is not reserved for a spiritual elite; it is the calling of the entire community. The chapter contains the second greatest commandment: "thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself" (v.18) — quoted by Jesus as the summary of the law's second table (Matthew 22:39; Mark 12:31). Many of the Ten Commandments are echoed here (honor parents, keep Sabbath, no idols, no stealing, no lying, no false witness), but they are expanded and applied to practical daily life. The refrain "I am the LORD" (or "I am the LORD your God") appears sixteen times — grounding every command in God's identity. Holiness is not abstract — it is concrete, practical, and all-encompassing.
The Foundation: Be Holy (vv.1-4): God speaks to Moses for "all the congregation" (v.1-2). "Ye shall be holy: for I the LORD your God am holy" (v.2) — the thesis statement of the entire Holiness Code. Holiness is not optional; it is the nature of God and therefore the calling of His people. Immediately practical: "Ye shall fear every man his mother, and his father" (v.3) — honor parents (note: mother listed first, unusual). "Keep my sabbaths" (v.3). "Turn ye not unto idols, nor make to yourselves molten gods" (v.4). Family, worship, and loyalty to God — the foundations.
Sacrifice and Worship (vv.5-8): Peace offerings must be eaten within two days; anything remaining on the third day must be burned (vv.5-6). Eating it on the third day is "abominable" — the offering is profaned and the person bears iniquity and is cut off (vv.7-8). Worship must follow God's instructions precisely.
Economic Justice and Compassion (vv.9-10): Gleaning laws — do not harvest to the very edges of your field; do not pick up what falls (v.9). Do not strip your vineyard bare or gather fallen grapes (v.10). Leave them "for the poor and stranger" (v.10). This is institutionalized compassion — built into the economic system. The story of Ruth depends on this law (Ruth 2:2-3).
The Ethical Commands (vv.11-18): A rapid-fire series of moral commands: No stealing, no lying, no false dealing (v.11). No false swearing by God's name (v.12). No oppression or robbery; pay wages on time (v.13). No cursing the deaf or tripping the blind (v.14) — protecting the vulnerable who cannot defend themselves. No injustice in court — neither favoring the poor nor deferring to the rich (v.15). No slander; no standing against your neighbor's life (v.16). No hatred in the heart; rebuke your neighbor openly rather than harboring sin (v.17). No vengeance or grudge-bearing (v.18). THE CLIMAX: "thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD" (v.18). Love is the fulfillment of all these commands.
Laws of Separation (v.19): "Ye shall keep my statutes" — then three prohibitions: no crossbreeding cattle, no sowing mixed seed, no garments of mixed fabric (linen and wool). These laws teach the principle of distinction — God separates, and His people maintain distinctions. They are object lessons in holiness (separation/distinction).
Sexual Sin and Its Remedy (vv.20-22): A man who lies with a betrothed slave woman — "she shall be scourged" (KJV) / "a distinction shall be made" (ESV) (v.20). They are not put to death because she was not free (v.20). He brings a guilt/trespass offering — a ram (v.21). The priest makes atonement and he is forgiven (v.22). Even in cases of sexual sin, there is a path to forgiveness through sacrifice.
Agricultural Laws (vv.23-25): Fruit trees in the land — the fruit is "uncircumcised" (forbidden) for three years (v.23). In the fourth year, all fruit is holy to the LORD (v.24). In the fifth year, they may eat it (v.25). Patience, consecration, then enjoyment. First fruits belong to God.
Miscellaneous Holiness Laws (vv.26-31): No eating with blood (v.26). No divination or fortune-telling (v.26). No rounding the corners of the head or marring the beard (v.27) — likely prohibiting pagan mourning customs. No cutting the body for the dead or tattoo marks (v.28). Do not prostitute your daughter (v.29). Keep Sabbaths and reverence the sanctuary (v.30). Do not consult mediums or necromancers (v.31).
Honor, Love, and Justice (vv.32-37): Rise before the elderly and honor them (v.32). Do not wrong the stranger — love him as yourself, "for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt" (vv.33-34). No dishonesty in measurements — just balances, just weights, just measures (vv.35-36). "I am the LORD your God, which brought you out of the land of Egypt" (v.36) — the exodus is the motivation for justice. Final summary: "observe all my statutes, and all my judgments, and do them: I am the LORD" (v.37).

Map & Geography

  • Egypt (v.34): Land to the southwest; place of Israel's bondage and exodus.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik calls this chapter "a remarkable collection of laws" that shows holiness touching every area of life. He emphasizes that "love your neighbor as yourself" is not a New Testament invention but an Old Testament command — Jesus was quoting Moses. He notes the balance of justice in v.15: neither favoring the poor nor the rich.
  • Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "Love Thy Neighbour" "Love thy neighbour as thyself — this is not a suggestion, it is a COMMAND. And it is not a new command — it is as old as Leviticus. Our Lord did not invent it; He quoted it. Moses wrote it by the Spirit of God a thousand years before Christ walked the earth. And what does it mean? It means: treat your neighbour's interests as you treat your own. His reputation — guard it as you guard yours. His property — respect it as you respect yours. His feelings — consider them as you consider yours. His needs — attend to them as you attend to yours. This is not natural to fallen man. It requires a new heart, a new nature, the very Spirit of God within. But it is the standard — and Christ both commands it and enables it."

Reflection

  • 1. "Be ye holy: for I the LORD your God am holy" (v.2). Holiness is not optional for believers — it is the family resemblance. God's children bear His character. And holiness is not abstract — this chapter shows it is intensely practical: how you treat your parents, your employees, the disabled, the poor, the foreigner, your neighbor. Where is your holiness merely theoretical rather than practical?
  • 2. "Leave them for the poor and stranger" (v.10). God builds compassion into the economic system. Generosity is not merely voluntary charity — it is structural justice. Are you using all your resources for yourself, or leaving "edges" for those in need?
  • 3. "Thou shalt not curse the deaf, nor put a stumblingblock before the blind" (v.14). Do not exploit those who cannot defend themselves or detect your exploitation. God sees what the deaf cannot hear and what the blind cannot see. "Fear thy God" — He is the witness when no one else is watching.
  • 4. "Love thy neighbour as thyself" (v.18). The standard is not "love your neighbor as much as you can manage" but "as yourself." With the same urgency, the same concern, the same investment you naturally give to your own interests. This is impossible without the Spirit of God. But it is the standard — and it is the fulfillment of the entire law (Romans 13:9; Galatians 5:14).
  • 5. "The stranger that dwelleth with you shall be unto you as one born among you" (v.34). Love is not limited to your own people, your own tribe, your own kind. The foreigner is to be loved "as yourself" — the same standard as the neighbor. "For ye were strangers in the land of Egypt" — remember where you came from. You were once the outsider.