Leviticus — Chapter 4
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1And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
2Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If a soul shall sin through ignorance against any of the commandments of the LORD
3If the priest that is anointed do sin according to the sin of the people; then let him bring for his sin, which he hath sinned, a young bullock without blemish unto the LORD for a sin offering.
4And he shall bring the bullock unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD; and shall lay his hand upon the bullock’s head, and kill the bullock before the LORD.
5And the priest that is anointed shall take of the bullock’s blood, and bring it to the tabernacle of the congregation:
6And the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle of the blood seven times before the LORD, before the vail of the sanctuary.
7And the priest shall put
8And he shall take off from it all the fat of the bullock for the sin offering; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that
9And the two kidneys, and the fat that
10As it was taken off from the bullock of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall burn them upon the altar of the burnt offering.
11And the skin of the bullock, and all his flesh, with his head, and with his legs, and his inwards, and his dung,
12Even the whole bullock shall he carry forth without the camp unto a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn him on the wood with fire: where the ashes are poured out shall he be burnt.
13And if the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance, and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done
14When the sin, which they have sinned against it, is known, then the congregation shall offer a young bullock for the sin, and bring him before the tabernacle of the congregation.
15And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands upon the head of the bullock before the LORD: and the bullock shall be killed before the LORD.
16And the priest that is anointed shall bring of the bullock’s blood to the tabernacle of the congregation:
17And the priest shall dip his finger
18And he shall put
19And he shall take all his fat from him, and burn
20And he shall do with the bullock as he did with the bullock for a sin offering, so shall he do with this: and the priest shall make an atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them.
21And he shall carry forth the bullock without the camp, and burn him as he burned the first bullock: it
22When a ruler hath sinned, and done
23Or if his sin, wherein he hath sinned, come to his knowledge; he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a male without blemish:
24And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before the LORD: it
25And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put
26And he shall burn all his fat upon the altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall make an atonement for him as concerning his sin, and it shall be forgiven him.
27And if any one of the common people sin through ignorance, while he doeth
28Or if his sin, which he hath sinned, come to his knowledge: then he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a female without blemish, for his sin which he hath sinned.
29And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay the sin offering in the place of the burnt offering.
30And the priest shall take of the blood thereof with his finger, and put
31And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat is taken away from off the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn
32And if he bring a lamb for a sin offering, he shall bring it a female without blemish.
33And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering
34And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put
35And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of the peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them upon the altar, according to the offerings made by fire unto the LORD: and the priest shall make an atonement for his sin that he hath committed, and it shall be forgiven him.
1And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,
2Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If any one shall sin unwittingly, in any of the things which Jehovah hath commanded not to be done, and shall do any one of them:
3if the anointed priest shall sin so as to bring guilt on the people, then let him offer for his sin, which he hath sinned, a young bullock without blemish unto Jehovah for a sin-offering.
4And he shall bring the bullock unto the door of the tent of meeting before Jehovah; and he shall lay his hand upon the head of the bullock, and kill the bullock before Jehovah.
5And the anointed priest shall take of the blood of the bullock, and bring it to the tent of meeting:
6and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle of the blood seven times before Jehovah, before the veil of the sanctuary.
7And the priest shall put of the blood upon the horns of the altar of sweet incense before Jehovah, which is in the tent of meeting; and all the blood of the bullock shall he pour out at the base of the altar of burnt-offering, which is at the door of the tent of meeting.
8And all the fat of the bullock of the sin-offering he shall take off from it; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards,
9and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the loins, and the caul upon the liver, with the kidneys, shall he take away,
10as it is taken off from the ox of the sacrifice of peace-offerings: and the priest shall burn them upon the altar of burnt-offering.
11And the skin of the bullock, and all its flesh, with its head, and with its legs, and its inwards, and its dung,
12even the whole bullock shall he carry forth without the camp unto a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire: where the ashes are poured out shall it be burnt.
13And if the whole congregation of Israel err, and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done any of the things which Jehovah hath commanded not to be done, and are guilty;
14when the sin wherein they have sinned is known, then the assembly shall offer a young bullock for a sin-offering, and bring it before the tent of meeting.
15And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands upon the head of the bullock before Jehovah; and the bullock shall be killed before Jehovah.
16And the anointed priest shall bring of the blood of the bullock to the tent of meeting:
17and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before Jehovah, before the veil.
18And he shall put of the blood upon the horns of the altar which is before Jehovah, that is in the tent of meeting; and all the blood shall he pour out at the base of the altar of burnt-offering, which is at the door of the tent of meeting.
19And all the fat thereof shall he take off from it, and burn it upon the altar.
20Thus shall he do with the bullock; as he did with the bullock of the sin-offering, so shall he do with this; and the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven.
21And he shall carry forth the bullock without the camp, and burn it as he burned the first bullock: it is the sin-offering for the assembly.
22When a ruler sinneth, and doeth unwittingly any one of all the things which Jehovah his God hath commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
23if his sin, wherein he hath sinned, be made known to him, he shall bring for his oblation a goat, a male without blemish.
24And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt-offering before Jehovah: it is a sin-offering.
25And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin-offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt-offering; and the blood thereof shall he pour out at the base of the altar of burnt-offering.
26And all the fat thereof shall he burn upon the altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of peace-offerings; and the priest shall make atonement for him as concerning his sin, and he shall be forgiven.
27And if any one of the common people sin unwittingly, in doing any of the things which Jehovah hath commanded not to be done, and be guilty;
28if his sin, which he hath sinned, be made known to him, then he shall bring for his oblation a goat, a female without blemish, for his sin which he hath sinned.
29And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin-offering, and kill the sin-offering in the place of burnt-offering.
30And the priest shall take of the blood thereof with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt-offering; and all the blood thereof shall he pour out at the base of the altar.
31And all the fat thereof shall he take away, as the fat is taken away from off the sacrifice of peace-offerings; and the priest shall burn it upon the altar for a sweet savor unto Jehovah; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he shall be forgiven.
32And if he bring a lamb as his oblation for a sin-offering, he shall bring it a female without blemish.
33And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin-offering, and kill it for a sin-offering in the place where they kill the burnt-offering.
34And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin-offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt-offering; and all the blood thereof shall he pour out at the base of the altar:
35and all the fat thereof shall he take away, as the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of peace-offerings; and the priest shall burn them on the altar, upon the offerings of Jehovah made by fire; and the priest shall make atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned, and he shall be forgiven.
1Then the Lord spoke to Moses:
2“Tell the Israelites, ‘When a person sins by straying unintentionally from any of the Lord’s commandments which must not be violated, and violates any one of them—
3“‘If the high priest sins so that the people are guilty on account of the sin he has committed, he must present a flawless young bull to the Lord for a sin offering.
4He must bring the bull to the entrance of the Meeting Tent before the Lord, lay his hand on the head of the bull, and slaughter the bull before the Lord.
5Then that high priest must take some of the blood of the bull and bring it to the Meeting Tent.
6The priest must dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle some of it seven times before the Lord toward the front of the special curtain of the sanctuary.
7The priest must put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense that is before the Lord in the Meeting Tent, and all the rest of the bull’s blood he must pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the Meeting Tent.
8“‘Then he must take up all the fat from the sin-offering bull: the fat covering the entrails and all the fat surrounding the entrails,
9the two kidneys with the fat on their sinews, and the protruding lobe on the liver (which he is to remove along with the kidneys)
10—just as it is taken from the ox of the peace-offering sacrifice—and the priest must offer them up in smoke on the altar of burnt offering.
11But the hide of the bull, all its flesh along with its head and its legs, its entrails, and its dung—
12all the rest of the bull—he must bring outside the camp to a ceremonially clean place, to the fatty-ash pile, and he must burn it on a wood fire; it must be burned on the fatty-ash pile.
13“‘If the whole congregation of Israel strays unintentionally and the matter is not noticed by the assembly, and they violate one of the Lord’s commandments, which must not be violated, so they become guilty,
14the assembly must present a young bull for a sin offering when the sin they have committed becomes known. They must bring it before the Meeting Tent,
15the elders of the congregation must lay their hands on the head of the bull before the Lord, and someone must slaughter the bull before the Lord.
16Then the high priest must bring some of the blood of the bull to the Meeting Tent,
17and that priest must dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before the Lord toward the front of the curtain.
18He must put some of the blood on the horns of the altar which is before the Lord in the Meeting Tent, and all the rest of the blood he must pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering that is at the entrance of the Meeting Tent.
19“‘Then the priest must take all its fat and offer the fat up in smoke on the altar.
20He must do with the rest of the bull just as he did with the bull of the sin offering; this is what he must do with it. So the priest will make atonement on their behalf, and they will be forgiven.
21He must bring the rest of the bull outside the camp and burn it just as he burned the first bull—it is the sin offering of the assembly.
22“‘Whenever a leader, by straying unintentionally, sins and violates one of the commandments of the Lord his God which must not be violated, and he pleads guilty,
23or his sin that he committed is made known to him, he must bring a flawless male goat as his offering.
24He must lay his hand on the head of the male goat and slaughter it in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered before the Lord—it is a sin offering.
25Then the priest must take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and he must pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
26Then the priest must offer all of its fat up in smoke on the altar like the fat of the peace-offering sacrifice. So the priest will make atonement on his behalf for his sin, and he will be forgiven.
27“‘If an ordinary individual sins by straying unintentionally when he violates one of the Lord’s commandments which must not be violated, and he pleads guilty,
28or his sin that he committed is made known to him, he must bring a flawless female goat as his offering for the sin that he committed.
29He must lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter the sin offering in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered.
30Then the priest must take some of its blood with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and he must pour out all the rest of its blood at the base of the altar.
31Then he must remove all of its fat (just as fat was removed from the peace-offering sacrifice), and the priest must offer it up in smoke on the altar for a soothing aroma to the Lord. So the priest will make atonement on his behalf, and he will be forgiven.
32“‘But if he brings a sheep as his offering, for a sin offering, he must bring a flawless female.
33He must lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter it for a sin offering in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered.
34Then the priest must take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and he must pour out all the rest of its blood at the base of the altar.
35Then the one who brought the offering must remove all its fat (just as the fat of the sheep is removed from the peace-offering sacrifice), and the priest must offer them up in smoke on the altar on top of the other gifts for the Lord. So the priest will make atonement on his behalf for his sin that he has committed, and he will be forgiven.
1Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
2“Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘If anyone sins unintentionally, in any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and does any one of them:
3if the anointed priest sins so as to bring guilt on the people, then let him offer for his sin, which he has sinned, a young bull without defect to Yahweh for a sin offering.
4He shall bring the bull to the door of the Tent of Meeting before Yahweh; and he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull, and kill the bull before Yahweh.
5The anointed priest shall take some of the blood of the bull, and bring it to the Tent of Meeting.
6The priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before Yahweh, before the veil of the sanctuary.
7The priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of sweet incense before Yahweh, which is in the Tent of Meeting; and he shall pour out all of rest of the blood of the bull at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
8He shall take all the fat of the bull of the sin offering from it; the fat that covers the innards, and all the fat that is on the innards,
9and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the cover on the liver, with the kidneys, he shall take away,
10as it is taken from the bull of the sacrifice of peace offerings. The priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering.
11The bull’s skin, all its meat, with its head, and with its legs, its innards, and its dung,
12he shall carry the whole bull outside of the camp to a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn it on wood with fire. Where the ashes are poured out, it shall be burned.
13“‘If the whole congregation of Israel sins, and the thing is hidden from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and are guilty;
14when the sin in which they have sinned is known, then the assembly shall offer a young bull for a sin offering, and bring it before the Tent of Meeting.
15The elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before Yahweh; and the bull shall be killed before Yahweh.
16The anointed priest shall bring some of the blood of the bull to the Tent of Meeting:
17and the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before Yahweh, before the veil.
18He shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar which is before Yahweh, that is in the Tent of Meeting; and the rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
19All its fat he shall take from it, and burn it on the altar.
20Thus shall he do with the bull; as he did with the bull of the sin offering, so shall he do with this; and the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven.
21He shall carry the bull outside the camp, and burn it as he burned the first bull. It is the sin offering for the assembly.
22“‘When a ruler sins, and unwittingly does any one of all the things which Yahweh his God has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
23if his sin, in which he has sinned, is made known to him, he shall bring as his offering a goat, a male without defect.
24He shall lay his hand on the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before Yahweh. It is a sin offering.
25The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering. He shall pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
26All its fat he shall burn on the altar, like the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin, and he will be forgiven.
27“‘If anyone of the common people sins unwittingly, in doing any of the things which Yahweh has commanded not to be done, and is guilty;
28if his sin, which he has sinned, is made known to him, then he shall bring for his offering a goat, a female without defect, for his sin which he has sinned.
29He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill the sin offering in the place of burnt offering.
30The priest shall take some of its blood with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
31All its fat he shall take away, like the fat is taken away from the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it on the altar for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
32“‘If he brings a lamb as his offering for a sin offering, he shall bring a female without defect.
33He shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and kill it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering.
34The priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar.
35All its fat he shall take away, like the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them on the altar, on the offerings of Yahweh made by fire; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his sin that he has sinned, and he will be forgiven.
Summary
Section 1 — Introduction: Sin Through Ignorance (vv.1-2): God speaks to Moses: "If anyone sins unintentionally in any of the LORD's commandments about things not to be done, and does any one of them" — the sin offering is prescribed. Section 2 — The Anointed Priest's Sin Offering (vv.3-12): The priest who sins brings guilt on the people. He must offer a young bull without blemish. He lays his hand on its head, kills it, and brings the blood into the tent of meeting. He sprinkles blood seven times before the veil, puts blood on the horns of the incense altar, and pours the rest at the base of the burnt offering altar. The fat, kidneys, and liver lobe are burned on the altar. The entire remainder — skin, flesh, head, legs, entrails, dung — is carried outside the camp to the ash heap and burned. Section 3 — The Congregation's Sin Offering (vv.13-21): When the whole congregation sins unintentionally, the elders lay their hands on a young bull's head. The same blood ritual as the priest's offering is performed. The bull is burned outside the camp. "The priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven." Section 4 — The Ruler's Sin Offering (vv.22-26): A leader who sins unintentionally brings a male goat without blemish. He lays his hand on its head and kills it where the burnt offering is killed. The priest puts blood on the horns of the burnt offering altar (not the incense altar) and pours the rest at its base. The fat is burned. "The priest shall make atonement for him... and he shall be forgiven." Section 5 — The Common Person's Sin Offering (vv.27-35): A common person who sins unintentionally brings a female goat or female lamb without blemish. Same procedure: laying on of hands, killing at the place of burnt offering, blood on the horns of the altar, fat burned. "The priest shall make atonement for him... and he shall be forgiven."
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- No specific geographic locations are referenced in this chapter.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that unintentional sin still requires atonement — we cannot plead ignorance before God. He highlights the graduated scale of sacrifice (bull, goat, lamb) based on the offender's position, and the typological significance of the bull burned outside the camp pointing to Christ's suffering outside Jerusalem.
- Charles Spurgeon:
Reflection
- 1. Unintentional sins still require atonement (v.2). How many sins do you commit daily without even realizing it? Sins of omission, careless words, selfish motives you never examine? Thank God that Christ's blood covers even the sins you cannot name. Pray with David: "Declare me innocent from hidden faults" (Ps 19:12).
- 2. The priest's sin brought guilt on the people (v.3). If you are in any position of spiritual leadership — parent, teacher, pastor, mentor — your sin has consequences beyond yourself. Does this reality make you more vigilant? More dependent on grace?
- 3. The bull was burned "outside the camp" (v.12). Christ suffered outside Jerusalem, bearing our shame and rejection. Are you willing to go to Him "outside the camp, bearing the reproach he endured" (Heb 13:13)? What does it cost you to identify with a rejected Savior?
- 4. "The priest shall make atonement... and he shall be forgiven" (vv.20, 26, 31, 35). Four times the promise is repeated. God wants you to be certain: where there is atonement, there is forgiveness. Do you doubt your forgiveness? Rest in the certainty of Christ's finished work.
- 5. The graduated scale of sacrifice (bull, goat, lamb) shows that greater privilege brings greater responsibility. What has God entrusted to you? How does your level of accountability match your level of faithfulness?