1 Samuel — Chapter 27

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1David, however, said to himself, “One of these days now I will be swept away by the hand of Saul. There is nothing better for me than to escape to the land of the Philistines. Then Saul will stop searching for me all over Israel, and I will slip out of his hand.”

2So David set out with his six hundred men and went to Achish son of Maoch, the king of Gath.

3David and his men settled in Gath with Achish. Each man had his family with him, and David had his two wives: Ahinoam of Jezreel and Abigail of Carmel, the widow of Nabal.

4And when Saul learned that David had fled to Gath, he no longer searched for him.

5Then David said to Achish, “If I have found favor in your eyes, let me be assigned a place in one of the outlying towns, so I can live there. For why should your servant live in the royal city with you?”

6That day Achish gave him Ziklag, and to this day it still belongs to the kings of Judah.

7And the time that David lived in Philistine territory amounted to a year and four months.

8Now David and his men went up and raided the Geshurites, the Girzites, and the Amalekites. (From ancient times these people had inhabited the land extending to Shur and Egypt.)

9Whenever David attacked a territory, he did not leave a man or woman alive, but he took the flocks and herds, the donkeys, camels, and clothing. Then he would return to Achish,

10who would ask him, “What have you raided today?” And David would reply, “The Negev of Judah,” or “The Negev of Jerahmeel,” or “The Negev of the Kenites.”

11David did not leave a man or woman alive to be brought to Gath, for he said, “Otherwise they will report us, saying, ‘This is what David did.’” And this was David’s custom the whole time he lived in Philistine territory.

12So Achish trusted David, thinking, “Since he has made himself an utter stench to his people Israel, he will be my servant forever.”

1And David said in his heart, I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul: there is nothing better for me than that I should speedily escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul shall despair of me, to seek me any more in any coast of Israel: so shall I escape out of his hand.

2And David arose, and he passed over with the six hundred men that were with him unto Achish, the son of Maoch, king of Gath.

3And David dwelt with Achish at Gath, he and his men, every man with his household, even David with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the Carmelitess, Nabal’s wife.

4And it was told Saul that David was fled to Gath: and he sought no more again for him.

5And David said unto Achish, If I have now found grace in thine eyes, let them give me a place in some town in the country, that I may dwell there: for why should thy servant dwell in the royal city with thee?

6Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day: wherefore Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day.

7And the time that David dwelt in the country of the Philistines was a full year and four months.

8And David and his men went up, and invaded the Geshurites, and the Gezrites, and the Amalekites: for those nations were of old the inhabitants of the land, as thou goest to Shur, even unto the land of Egypt.

9And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel, and returned, and came to Achish.

10And Achish said, Whither have ye made a road to day? And David said, Against the south of Judah, and against the south of the Jerahmeelites, and against the south of the Kenites.

11And David saved neither man nor woman alive, to bring tidings to Gath, saying, Lest they should tell on us, saying, So did David, and so will be his manner all the while he dwelleth in the country of the Philistines.

12And Achish believed David, saying, He hath made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever.

1And David said in his heart, I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul: there is nothing better for me than that I should escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul will despair of me, to seek me any more in all the borders of Israel: so shall I escape out of his hand.

2And David arose, and passed over, he and the six hundred men that were with him, unto Achish the son of Maoch, king of Gath.

3And David dwelt with Achish at Gath, he and his men, every man with his household, even David with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the Carmelitess, Nabal`s wife.

4And it was told Saul that David was fled to Gath: and he sought no more again for him.

5And David said unto Achish, If now I have found favor in thine eyes, let them give me a place in one of the cities in the country, that I may dwell there: for why should thy servant dwell in the royal city with thee?

6Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day: wherefore Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day.

7And the number of the days that David dwelt in the country of the Philistines was a full year and four months.

8And David and his men went up, and made a raid upon the Geshurites, and the Girzites, and the Amalekites; for those [nations] were the inhabitants of the land, who were of old, as thou goest to Shur, even unto the land of Egypt.

9And David smote the land, and saved neither man nor woman alive, and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel; and he returned, and came to Achish.

10And Achish said, Against whom have ye made a raid to-day? And David said, Against the South of Judah, and against the South of the Jerahmeelites, and against the South of the Kenites.

11And David saved neither man nor woman alive, to bring them to Gath, saying, Lest they should tell of us, saying, So did David, and so hath been his manner all the while he hath dwelt in the country of the Philistines.

12And Achish believed David, saying, He hath made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever.

1David thought to himself, “One of these days I’m going to be swept away by the hand of Saul! There is nothing better for me than to escape to the land of the Philistines. Then Saul will despair of searching for me through all the territory of Israel and I will escape from his hand.”

2So David left and crossed over to King Achish son of Maoch of Gath accompanied by his 600 men.

3David settled with Achish in Gath, along with his men and their families. David had with him his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelite and Abigail the Carmelite, Nabal’s widow.

4When Saul learned that David had fled to Gath, he did not mount a new search for him.

5David said to Achish, “If I have found favor with you, let me be given a place in one of the country towns so that I can live there. Why should your servant settle in the royal city with you?”

6So Achish gave him Ziklag on that day. (For that reason Ziklag has belonged to the kings of Judah until this very day.)

7The length of time that David lived in the Philistine countryside was a year and four months.

8Then David and his men went up and raided the Geshurites, the Girzites, and the Amalekites. (They had been living in that land for a long time, from the approach to Shur as far as the land of Egypt.)

9When David would attack a district, he would leave neither man nor woman alive. He would take sheep, cattle, donkeys, camels, and clothing and would then go back to Achish.

10When Achish would ask, “Where did you raid today?” David would say, “The Negev of Judah” or “The Negev of Jerahmeel” or “The Negev of the Kenites.”

11Neither man nor woman would David leave alive so as to bring them back to Gath. He was thinking, “This way they can’t tell on us, saying, ‘This is what David did.’” Such was his practice the entire time that he lived in the country of the Philistines.

12So Achish trusted David, thinking to himself, “He is really hated among his own people in Israel! From now on he will be my servant.”

1David said in his heart, “I will now perish one day by the hand of Saul. There is nothing better for me than that I should escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul will despair of me, to seek me any more in all the borders of Israel. So shall I escape out of his hand.”

2David arose, and passed over, he and the six hundred men who were with him, to Achish the son of Maoch, king of Gath.

3David lived with Achish at Gath, he and his men, every man with his household, even David with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the Carmelitess, Nabal’s wife.

4Saul was told that David had fled to Gath: and he sought no more again for him.

5David said to Achish, “If now I have found favor in your eyes, let them give me a place in one of the cities in the country, that I may dwell there. For why should your servant dwell in the royal city with you?”

6Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day: therefore Ziklag belongs to the kings of Judah to this day.

7The number of the days that David lived in the country of the Philistines was a full year and four months.

8David and his men went up and raided the Geshurites, the Girzites, and the Amalekites; for those were the inhabitants of the land, who were of old, on the way to Shur, even to the land of Egypt.

9David struck the land, and saved no man or woman alive, and took away the sheep, the cattle, the donkeys, the camels, and the clothing. Then he returned, and came to Achish.

10Achish said, “Against whom have you made a raid today?” David said, “Against the South of Judah, against the South of the Jerahmeelites, and against the South of the Kenites.”

11David saved neither man nor woman alive, to bring them to Gath, saying, “Lest they should tell about us, saying, ‘David did this, and this has been his way all the time he has lived in the country of the Philistines.’”

12Achish believed David, saying, “He has made his people Israel utterly to abhor him. Therefore he will be my servant forever.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Convinced that Saul will eventually kill him, David despairs of finding safety in Israel and takes his six hundred men to live among the Philistines under King Achish of Gath (vv. 1-4). Achish grants David the town of Ziklag, which becomes his base for sixteen months (vv. 5-7). From there David raids longtime enemy peoples, destroying every inhabitant so no survivor can report the truth to Achish (vv. 8-9), and deceives Achish into believing he has been raiding Judah itself, making the Philistine king trust him as a loyal, permanent servant (vv. 10-12) — a risky deception that keeps David alive while he waits for God's timing to bring him to the throne.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Samuel (for the early chapters), Nathan, and Gad (1 Chronicles 29:29). Originally one book with 2 Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. Written approximately 1050-950 BC. The book covers the transition from the judges to the monarchy — from the birth of Samuel through the death of Saul (approximately 1105-1010 BC).
Historical Context: Chapter 27 marks a low point in David's faith — he concludes that Saul will eventually kill him and decides to flee to Philistia. "I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul" (v.1) is a statement of despair, not faith. After twice sparing Saul and twice hearing Saul's empty promises, David gives up on God's protection within Israel and seeks refuge with Israel's enemy. He goes to Achish king of Gath (the same king before whom he feigned madness in 21:10-15) — but this time with 600 warriors, making him a valuable military asset rather than a lone fugitive. Achish gives David the town of Ziklag as a base (v.6). For 16 months, David lives a double life: he raids Israel's enemies (Geshurites, Girzites, Amalekites) while telling Achish he is raiding Judah (v.10). He leaves no survivors to contradict his story (v.11). Achish is completely deceived: "He hath made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever" (v.12). The chapter is morally complex: David's deception is troubling, yet his raids actually serve Israel's interests (destroying Israel's enemies). God is notably absent from the narrative — there is no "David inquired of the LORD" in this chapter. David is operating on human wisdom, not divine guidance. Yet God's providence still works: David's time in Philistia ends Saul's pursuit (v.4), gives David a base of operations (Ziklag), and positions him for the events that will follow Saul's death.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: A statement of despair rather than faith, I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul, opening a chapter where David's plan actually works precisely because it is human rather than divine, Ziklag requested specifically to avoid the constant surveillance of living in Gath's royal city, raids conducted with no survivors left to contradict the story told to Achish, and a deception that succeeds strategically while raising exactly the moral question the text leaves open
David's Decision (vv.1-4): David's reasoning is entirely human: "I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul" (v.1). This contradicts everything God has shown him — the anointing (16:13), Jonathan's prophecy (23:17), Saul's own admission (24:20; 26:25), and repeated divine deliverances. Yet after years of running, David's faith wavers. He calculates: if he goes to Philistia, Saul will stop pursuing him (v.1). This proves correct — "Saul sought no more again for him" (v.4). But the solution is human, not divine. David goes to Achish with 600 men and their families (v.2-3). His two wives accompany him: Ahinoam and Abigail (v.3).
Ziklag (vv.5-7): David wisely requests a town away from Gath — "why should thy servant dwell in the royal city with thee?" (v.5). Living in Gath would mean constant surveillance and pressure to participate in Philistine worship and warfare against Israel. Achish gives him Ziklag (v.6) — a town in the Negev, on the border between Philistine and Judahite territory. The narrator notes it "pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day" (v.6) — it became permanently Israelite through David. David lives there 16 months (v.7).
David's Raids and Deception (vv.8-12): David raids the Geshurites, Girzites (or Gezrites), and Amalekites — peoples hostile to Israel who inhabited the southern wilderness toward Egypt (v.8). He destroys them completely, taking livestock and goods (v.9). When Achish asks where he raided, David lies: "Against the south of Judah" or the Jerahmeelites or Kenites (v.10) — all Israelite-allied groups. He leaves no survivors who could expose his deception (v.11). Achish is completely fooled and believes David has made himself hated by Israel: "he shall be my servant for ever" (v.12). The deception works strategically but raises moral questions: David is living a lie, serving a pagan king, and operating entirely outside divine guidance.

Map & Geography

  • Ziklag: A town in the Negev given to David by Achish of Gath — David's base for 16 months in Philistine territory
  • Gath: One of the five Philistine cities — Achish's capital, about 25 miles west of Bethlehem on the coastal plain
  • David raids southern peoples (Geshurites, Girzites, Amalekites) from Ziklag while telling Achish he raids Judah

Places on this map

  • BethlehemBethlehem, West BankA small town on the ridge road five miles south of Jerusalem, at the edge of the cultivated land before the Judean wilderness. Its name means house of bread, and its terraced barley fields are where Ruth gleaned and where David kept sheep. Wikipedia
  • Negevsouthern IsraelThe arid triangle south of the Judean hills, grazing land in a good year and desert in a bad one. Hebrew uses the same word for it as for the direction south. Wikipedia
  • GathTell es-Safi, IsraelThe Philistine city closest to the Judean foothills, guarding the Elah valley. Goliath came from here, and David later took refuge with its king. Wikipedia
  • Philistiasouthern coastal Israel and GazaThe coastal plain south of Joppa, held by a league of five cities: Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Gath and Ekron. Flat, fertile and on the trade road, it gave the Philistines chariots and iron while Israel held the hills above them. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik notes that David's decision to go to Philistia was born of despair, not faith. He emphasizes the absence of "David inquired of the LORD" — a telling omission. David is operating on human wisdom, and while God still providentially works, David's path creates complications that only God's grace will resolve.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

A Bad Season - 1 Samuel 27:5-7
David Guzik

What Not To Say To Yourself - 1 Samuel 27:1
David Guzik

1 Samuel 27-31 | The Witch of Endor | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

1 Samuel 27 - Discouraged and Running Away
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of 1 Samuel -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Reasoning From Fear Instead of From Promise (v.1) — After years of running, David concludes he'll eventually die at Saul's hand, despite every previous sign that God had already secured his future as king. When exhaustion sets in, do you find yourself trusting your circumstances more than what God has already shown you to be true?
  • Choosing Distance From Constant Pressure (v.5) — David asks Achish for a town of his own rather than living under the king's direct watch in Gath, wanting to avoid the daily compromise that closeness to a pagan court would demand. Are there situations you need to create healthy distance from, even if it means giving up convenience or status?
  • A Deception Built to Cover Its Own Tracks (vv.10-11) — David lies to Achish about who he's raiding and leaves no survivors who could expose the truth, letting one deception require another to hold. Have you ever noticed how a single dishonest choice tends to demand more dishonesty just to protect itself?
  • Trusted for the Wrong Reasons (v.12) — Achish becomes convinced David has made himself Israel's permanent enemy, unaware he's been deceived the entire time. Where have you let people believe something false about you because the truth felt too risky to admit?