1 Samuel — Chapter 3
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1And the boy Samuel ministered to the LORD before Eli. Now in those days the word of the LORD was rare, and visions were scarce.
2And at that time Eli, whose eyesight had grown so dim that he could not see, was lying in his room.
3Before the lamp of God had gone out, Samuel was lying down in the temple of the LORD, where the ark of God was located.
4Then the LORD called to Samuel, and he answered, “Here I am.”
5He ran to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you have called me.” “I did not call,” Eli replied. “Go back and lie down.” So he went and lay down.
6Once again the LORD called, “Samuel!” So Samuel got up, went to Eli, and said, “Here I am, for you have called me.” “My son, I did not call,” Eli replied. “Go back and lie down.”
7Now Samuel did not yet know the LORD, because the word of the LORD had not yet been revealed to him.
8Once again, for the third time, the LORD called to Samuel. He got up, went to Eli, and said, “Here I am, for you have called me.” Then Eli realized that it was the LORD who was calling the boy.
9“Go and lie down,” he said to Samuel, “and if He calls you, say, ‘Speak, LORD, for Your servant is listening.’” So Samuel went and lay down in his place.
10Then the LORD came and stood there, calling as before, “Samuel! Samuel!” And Samuel answered, “Speak, for Your servant is listening.”
11Then the LORD said to Samuel, “I am about to do something in Israel at which the ears of all who hear it will tingle.
12On that day I will carry out against Eli everything I have spoken about his house, from beginning to end.
13I told him that I would judge his house forever for the iniquity of which he knows, because his sons blasphemed God and he did not restrain them.
14Therefore I have sworn to the house of Eli, ‘The iniquity of Eli’s house shall never be atoned for by sacrifice or offering.’”
15Samuel lay down until the morning; then he opened the doors of the house of the LORD. He was afraid to tell Eli the vision,
16but Eli called to him and said, “Samuel, my son.” “Here I am,” answered Samuel.
17“What was the message He gave you?” Eli asked. “Do not hide it from me. May God punish you, and ever so severely, if you hide from me anything He said to you.”
18So Samuel told him everything and did not hide a thing from him. “He is the LORD,” replied Eli. “Let Him do what is good in His eyes.”
19And Samuel grew, and the LORD was with him, and He let none of Samuel’s words fall to the ground.
20So all Israel from Dan to Beersheba knew that Samuel was confirmed as a prophet of the LORD.
21And the LORD continued to appear at Shiloh, because there He revealed Himself to Samuel by His word.
1And the child Samuel ministered unto the LORD before Eli. And the word of the LORD was precious in those days; there was no open vision.
2And it came to pass at that time, when Eli was laid down in his place, and his eyes began to wax dim, that he could not see;
3And ere the lamp of God went out in the temple of the LORD, where the ark of God was, and Samuel was laid down to sleep;
4That the LORD called Samuel: and he answered, Here am I.
5And he ran unto Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou calledst me. And he said, I called not; lie down again. And he went and lay down.
6And the LORD called yet again, Samuel. And Samuel arose and went to Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou didst call me. And he answered, I called not, my son; lie down again.
7Now Samuel did not yet know the LORD, neither was the word of the LORD yet revealed unto him.
8And the LORD called Samuel again the third time. And he arose and went to Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou didst call me. And Eli perceived that the LORD had called the child.
9Therefore Eli said unto Samuel, Go, lie down: and it shall be, if he call thee, that thou shalt say, Speak, LORD; for thy servant heareth. So Samuel went and lay down in his place.
10And the LORD came, and stood, and called as at other times, Samuel, Samuel. Then Samuel answered, Speak; for thy servant heareth.
11And the LORD said to Samuel, Behold, I will do a thing in Israel, at which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle.
12In that day I will perform against Eli all things which I have spoken concerning his house: when I begin, I will also make an end.
13For I have told him that I will judge his house for ever for the iniquity which he knoweth; because his sons made themselves vile, and he restrained them not.
14And therefore I have sworn unto the house of Eli, that the iniquity of Eli’s house shall not be purged with sacrifice nor offering for ever.
15And Samuel lay until the morning, and opened the doors of the house of the LORD. And Samuel feared to shew Eli the vision.
16Then Eli called Samuel, and said, Samuel, my son. And he answered, Here am I.
17And he said, What is the thing that the LORD hath said unto thee? I pray thee hide it not from me: God do so to thee, and more also, if thou hide any thing from me of all the things that he said unto thee.
18And Samuel told him every whit, and hid nothing from him. And he said, It is the LORD: let him do what seemeth him good.
19And Samuel grew, and the LORD was with him, and did let none of his words fall to the ground.
20And all Israel from Dan even to Beer-sheba knew that Samuel was established to be a prophet of the LORD.
21And the LORD appeared again in Shiloh: for the LORD revealed himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the word of the LORD.
1And the child Samuel ministered unto Jehovah before Eli. And the word of Jehovah was precious in those days; there was no frequent vision.
2And it came to pass at that time, when Eli was laid down in his place (now his eyes had begun to wax dim, so that he could not see),
3and the lamp of God was not yet gone out, and Samuel was laid down [to sleep], in the temple of Jehovah, where the ark of God was;
4that Jehovah called Samuel; and he said, Here am I.
5And he ran unto Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou calledst me. And he said, I called not; lie down again. And he went and lay down.
6And Jehovah called yet again, Samuel. And Samuel arose and went to Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou calledst me. And he answered, I called not, my son; lie down again.
7Now Samuel did not yet know Jehovah, neither was the word of Jehovah yet revealed unto him.
8And Jehovah called Samuel again the third time. And he arose and went to Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou calledst me. And Eli perceived that Jehovah had called the child.
9Therefore Eli said unto Samuel, Go, lie down: and it shall be, if he call thee, that thou shalt say, Speak, Jehovah; for thy servant heareth. So Samuel went and lay down in his place.
10And Jehovah came, and stood, and called as at other times, Samuel, Samuel. Then Samuel said, Speak; for thy servant heareth.
11And Jehovah said to Samuel, Behold, I will do a thing in Israel, at which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle.
12In that day I will perform against Eli all that I have spoken concerning his house, from the beginning even unto the end.
13For I have told him that I will judge his house for ever, for the iniquity which he knew, because his sons did bring a curse upon themselves, and he restrained them not.
14And therefore I have sworn unto the house of Eli, that the iniquity of Eli`s house shall not be expiated with sacrifice nor offering for ever.
15And Samuel lay until the morning, and opened the doors of the house of Jehovah. And Samuel feared to show Eli the vision.
16Then Eli called Samuel, and said, Samuel, my son. And he said, Here am I.
17And he said, What is the thing that [Jehovah] hath spoken unto thee? I pray thee, hide it not from me: God do so to thee, and more also, if thou hide anything from me of all the things that he spake unto thee.
18And Samuel told him every whit, and hid nothing from him. And he said, It is Jehovah: let him do what seemeth him good.
19And Samuel grew, and Jehovah was with him, and did let none of his words fall to the ground.
20And all Israel from Dan even to Beer-sheba knew that Samuel was established to be a prophet of Jehovah.
21And Jehovah appeared again in Shiloh; for Jehovah revealed himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the word of Jehovah.
1Now the boy Samuel continued serving the Lord under Eli’s supervision. Receiving a message from the Lord was rare in those days; revelatory visions were infrequent.
2Eli’s eyes had begun to fail, so that he was unable to see well. At that time he was lying down in his place,
3and the lamp of God had not yet been extinguished. Samuel was lying down in the temple of the Lord as well; the ark of God was also there.
4The Lord called to Samuel, and he replied, “Here I am!”
5Then he ran to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me.” But Eli said, “I didn’t call you. Go back and lie down.” So he went back and lay down.
6The Lord again called, “Samuel!” So Samuel got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me.” But Eli said, “I didn’t call you, my son. Go back and lie down.”
7Now Samuel did not yet know the Lord; the Lord’s messages had not yet been revealed to him.
8Then the Lord called Samuel a third time. So he got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me!” Eli then realized that it was the Lord who was calling the boy.
9So Eli said to Samuel, “Go back and lie down. When he calls you, say, ‘Speak, Lord, for your servant is listening.’” So Samuel went back and lay down in his place.
10Then the Lord came and stood nearby, calling as he had previously done, “Samuel! Samuel!” Samuel replied, “Speak, for your servant is listening!”
11The Lord said to Samuel, “Look! I am about to do something in Israel; when anyone hears about it, both of his ears will tingle.
12On that day I will carry out against Eli everything that I spoke about his house—from start to finish!
13You should tell him that I am about to judge his house forever because of the sin that he knew about. For his sons were cursing God, and he did not rebuke them.
14Therefore I swore an oath to the house of Eli, ‘The sin of the house of Eli can never be forgiven by sacrifice or by grain offering.’”
15So Samuel lay down until morning. Then he opened the doors of the Lord’s house. But Samuel was afraid to tell Eli about the vision.
16However, Eli called Samuel and said, “Samuel, my son!” He replied, “Here I am.”
17Eli said, “What message did he speak to you? Don’t conceal it from me. God will judge you severely if you conceal from me anything that he said to you!”
18So Samuel told him everything. He did not hold back anything from him. Eli said, “The Lord will do what he pleases.”
19Samuel continued to grow, and the Lord was with him. None of his prophecies fell to the ground unfulfilled.
20All Israel from Dan to Beer Sheba realized that Samuel was confirmed as a prophet of the Lord.
21Then the Lord again appeared in Shiloh, for it was in Shiloh that the Lord had revealed himself to Samuel through a message from the Lord.
1The child Samuel ministered to Yahweh before Eli. Yahweh’s word was precious in those days. There were not many visions, then.
2At that time, when Eli was laid down in his place (now his eyes had begun to grow dim, so that he could not see),
3and God’s lamp hadn’t yet gone out, and Samuel had laid down in Yahweh’s temple, where God’s ark was;
4Yahweh called Samuel; and he said, “Here I am.”
5He ran to Eli, and said, “Here I am; for you called me.” He said, “I didn’t call. Lie down again.” He went and lay down.
6Yahweh called yet again, “Samuel!” Samuel arose and went to Eli, and said, “Here I am; for you called me.” He answered, “I didn’t call, my son. Lie down again.”
7Now Samuel didn’t yet know Yahweh, neither was Yahweh’s word yet revealed to him.
8Yahweh called Samuel again the third time. He arose and went to Eli, and said, “Here I am; for you called me.” Eli perceived that Yahweh had called the child.
9Therefore Eli said to Samuel, “Go, lie down. It shall be, if he calls you, that you shall say, ‘Speak, Yahweh; for your servant hears.’” So Samuel went and lay down in his place.
10Yahweh came, and stood, and called as at other times, “Samuel! Samuel!” Then Samuel said, “Speak; for your servant hears.”
11Yahweh said to Samuel, “Behold, I will do a thing in Israel, at which both the ears of everyone who hears it will tingle.
12In that day I will perform against Eli all that I have spoken concerning his house, from the beginning even to the end.
13For I have told him that I will judge his house forever, for the iniquity which he knew, because his sons brought a curse on themselves, and he didn’t restrain them.
14Therefore I have sworn to the house of Eli, that the iniquity of Eli’s house shall not be removed with sacrifice or offering forever.”
15Samuel lay until the morning, and opened the doors of Yahweh’s house. Samuel feared to show Eli the vision.
16Then Eli called Samuel, and said, “Samuel, my son!” He said, “Here I am.”
17He said, “What is the thing that he has spoken to you? Please don’t hide it from me. God do so to you, and more also, if you hide anything from me of all the things that he spoke to you.”
18Samuel told him every bit, and hid nothing from him. He said, “It is Yahweh. Let him do what seems good to him.”
19Samuel grew, and Yahweh was with him, and let none of his words fall to the ground.
20All Israel from Dan even to Beersheba knew that Samuel was established to be a prophet of Yahweh.
21Yahweh appeared again in Shiloh; for Yahweh revealed himself to Samuel in Shiloh by Yahweh’s word.
Summary
The LORD calls to young Samuel three times in the night as he lies near the ark, and each time Samuel runs to Eli, thinking the old priest had summoned him (vv. 4-8). Eli finally realizes God is speaking and instructs Samuel to answer, "Speak, LORD, for your servant is listening" (v. 9). The LORD then reveals that He is about to judge Eli's house forever, because Eli knew of his sons' sin and failed to restrain them (vv. 11-14). Though afraid, Samuel reports the full message to Eli the next morning, and Eli accepts it as the LORD's will (vv. 15-18). As Samuel grows, the LORD continues to speak through him, and all Israel comes to recognize him as a true prophet (vv. 19-21).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Shiloh: Where Samuel receives his first prophetic call — still the central sanctuary with the ark of the covenant
- The tabernacle/temple at Shiloh: Where Samuel sleeps "where the ark of God was" (v.3)
- "From Dan to Beer-sheba" (v.20): The traditional north-south extent of Israel — all recognize Samuel as prophet
Places on this map
- ShilohKhirbet Seilun, West BankA hill site in Ephraim, off the main road and defensible, which is why the tabernacle and the ark stood here for generations before Jerusalem. Its destruction after the ark was captured became Jeremiah's warning about assuming a sanctuary is safe. Wikipedia
- DanTel Dan, IsraelAt the largest of the Jordan's headwater springs under Mount Hermon, the northern limit of Israel. Jeroboam set his second golden calf here, as far from Jerusalem as he could get. Wikipedia
- BeershebaBeersheba, IsraelA well at the top of the Negev, the last settled place before the desert, which is why from Dan to Beersheba means the whole land. Abraham, Isaac and Jacob all camped here. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that Samuel's call demonstrates God's pattern of speaking to those who are positioned to hear — Samuel was sleeping near the ark, in God's presence. He also notes that Eli's instruction to Samuel was his finest moment: despite his failures, he directed the boy rightly toward God.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of 1 Samuel -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Positioned to Hear God's Voice (vv.1-3) — In an era when God's word was rare, Samuel was sleeping near the ark, close to God's presence, while Eli lay in his own room, dim-eyed and distant. What practices keep you near enough to God to actually hear Him speak?
- Learning to Recognize God's Call (vv.4-9) — Samuel didn't realize it was the LORD calling until Eli, despite his own failures, taught him how to respond. Who has helped you learn to discern God's voice, and are you passing that on to someone else?
- Tolerating Sin Is Its Own Sin (v.13) — Eli's judgment came not because he committed his sons' sins himself but because he knew of them and failed to restrain them. Is there wrong you're aware of and quietly permitting rather than confronting?
- Telling the Truth Even When It Costs (vv.15-18) — Samuel was afraid to deliver God's hard word to Eli but held nothing back once pressed. What truth are you avoiding because it might hurt someone you respect?
- Words Proven True Over Time (v.19) — God let none of Samuel's words fall to the ground, establishing his credibility gradually rather than instantly. Are you willing to be faithful in small, unproven ways before others recognize God's hand on your life?