2 Kings — Chapter 11
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1When Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she proceeded to annihilate all the royal heirs.
2But Jehosheba daughter of King Joram, the sister of Ahaziah, took Joash son of Ahaziah and stole him away from among the sons of the king who were being murdered. She put him and his nurse in a bedroom to hide him from Athaliah, and he was not killed.
3And Joash remained hidden with his nurse in the house of the LORD for six years while Athaliah ruled the land.
4Then in the seventh year, Jehoiada sent for the commanders of hundreds, the Carites, and the guards, and had them brought into the house of the LORD. There he made a covenant with them and put them under oath. He showed them the king’s son
5and commanded them, “This is what you are to do: A third of you who come on duty on the Sabbath shall guard the royal palace,
6a third shall be at the gate of Sur, and a third at the gate behind the guards. You are to take turns guarding the temple—
7the two divisions that would go off duty on the Sabbath are to guard the house of the LORD for the king.
8You must surround the king with weapons in hand, and anyone who approaches the ranks must be put to death. You must stay close to the king wherever he goes.”
9So the commanders of hundreds did everything that Jehoiada the priest had ordered. Each of them took his men—those coming on duty on the Sabbath and those going off duty—and came to Jehoiada the priest.
10Then the priest gave to the commanders of hundreds the spears and shields of King David from the house of the LORD.
11And the guards stood with weapons in hand surrounding the king by the altar and the temple, from the south side to the north side of the temple.
12Then Jehoiada brought out the king’s son, put the crown on him, presented him with the Testimony, and proclaimed him king. They anointed him, and the people clapped their hands and declared, “Long live the king!”
13When Athaliah heard the noise from the guards and the people, she went out to the people in the house of the LORD.
14And she looked out and saw the king standing by the pillar, according to the custom. The officers and trumpeters were beside the king, and all the people of the land were rejoicing and blowing trumpets. Then Athaliah tore her clothes and screamed, “Treason! Treason!”
15And Jehoiada the priest ordered the commanders of hundreds in charge of the army, “Bring her out between the ranks, and put to the sword anyone who follows her.” For the priest had said, “She must not be put to death in the house of the LORD.”
16So they seized Athaliah as she reached the horses’ entrance to the palace grounds, and there she was put to death.
17Then Jehoiada made a covenant between the LORD and the king and the people that they would be the LORD’s people. He also made a covenant between the king and the people.
18So all the people of the land went to the temple of Baal and tore it down. They smashed the altars and idols to pieces, and they killed Mattan the priest of Baal in front of the altars. And Jehoiada the priest posted guards for the house of the LORD.
19He took with him the commanders of hundreds, the Carites, the guards, and all the people of the land, and they brought the king down from the house of the LORD and entered the royal palace by way of the Gate of the Guards. Then Joash took his seat on the royal throne,
20and all the people of the land rejoiced. And the city was quiet, because Athaliah had been put to the sword at the royal palace.
21Joash was seven years old when he became king.
1And when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the seed royal.
2But Jehosheba, the daughter of king Joram, sister of Ahaziah, took Joash the son of Ahaziah and stole him from among the king’s sons which were slain; and they hid him, even him and his nurse, in the bedchamber from Athaliah, so that he was not slain.
3And he was with her hid in the house of the LORD six years. And Athaliah did reign over the land.
4And the seventh year Jehoiada sent and fetched the rulers over hundreds, with the captains and the guard, and brought them to him into the house of the LORD, and made a covenant with them, and took an oath of them in the house of the LORD, and shewed them the king’s son.
5And he commanded them, saying, This is the thing that ye shall do; A third part of you that enter in on the sabbath shall even be keepers of the watch of the king’s house;
6And a third part shall be at the gate of Sur; and a third part at the gate behind the guard: so shall ye keep the watch of the house, that it be not broken down.
7And two parts of all you that go forth on the sabbath, even they shall keep the watch of the house of the LORD about the king.
8And ye shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand: and he that cometh within the ranges, let him be slain: and be ye with the king as he goeth out and as he cometh in.
9And the captains over the hundreds did according to all things that Jehoiada the priest commanded: and they took every man his men that were to come in on the sabbath, with them that should go out on the sabbath, and came to Jehoiada the priest.
10And to the captains over hundreds did the priest give king David’s spears and shields, that were in the temple of the LORD.
11And the guard stood, every man with his weapons in his hand, round about the king, from the right corner of the temple to the left corner of the temple, along by the altar and the temple.
12And he brought forth the king’s son, and put the crown upon him, and gave him the testimony; and they made him king, and anointed him; and they clapped their hands, and said, God save the king.
13And when Athaliah heard the noise of the guard and of the people, she came to the people into the temple of the LORD.
14And when she looked, behold, the king stood by a pillar, as the manner was, and the princes and the trumpeters by the king, and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew with trumpets: and Athaliah rent her clothes, and cried, Treason, Treason.
15But Jehoiada the priest commanded the captains of the hundreds, the officers of the host, and said unto them, Have her forth without the ranges: and him that followeth her kill with the sword. For the priest had said, Let her not be slain in the house of the LORD.
16And they laid hands on her; and she went by the way by the which the horses came into the king’s house: and there was she slain.
17And Jehoiada made a covenant between the LORD and the king and the people that they should be the LORD’S people; between the king also and the people.
18And all the people of the land went into the house of Baal, and brake it down; his altars and his images brake they in pieces thoroughly, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. And the priest appointed officers over the house of the LORD.
19And he took the rulers over hundreds, and the captains, and the guard, and all the people of the land; and they brought down the king from the house of the LORD, and came by the way of the gate of the guard to the king’s house. And he sat on the throne of the kings.
20And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was in quiet: and they slew Athaliah with the sword beside the king’s house.
21Seven years old was Jehoash when he began to reign.
1Now when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the seed royal.
2But Jehosheba, the daughter of king Joram, sister of Ahaziah, took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him away from among the king`s sons that were slain, even him and his nurse, [and put them] in the bedchamber; and they hid him from Athaliah, so that he was not slain;
3And he was with her hid in the house of Jehovah six years. And Athaliah reigned over the land.
4And in the seventh year Jehoiada sent and fetched the captains over hundreds of the Carites and of the guard, and brought them to him into the house of Jehovah; and he made a covenant with them, and took an oath of them in the house of Jehovah, and showed them the king`s son.
5And he commanded them, saying, This is the thing that ye shall do: a third part of you, that come in on the sabbath, shall be keepers of the watch of the king`s house;
6And a third part shall be at the gate Sur; and a third part at the gate behind the guard: so shall ye keep the watch of the house, and be a barrier.
7And the two companies of you, even all that go forth on the sabbath, shall keep the watch of the house of Jehovah about the king.
8And ye shall compass the king round about, every man with his weapons in his hand; and he that cometh within the ranks, let him be slain: and be ye with the king when he goeth out, and when he cometh in.
9And the captains over hundreds did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded; and they took every man his men, those that were to come in on the sabbath, with those that were to go out on the sabbath, and came to Jehoiada the priest.
10And the priest delivered to the captains over hundreds the spears and shields that had been king David`s, which were in the house of Jehovah.
11And the guard stood, every man with his weapons in his hand, from the right side of the house to the left side of the house, along by the altar and the house, by the king round about.
12Then he brought out the king`s son, and put the crown upon him, and [gave him] the testimony; and they made him king, and anointed him; and they clapped their hands, and said, [Long] live the king.
13And when Athaliah heard the noise of the guard [and of] the people, she came to the people into the house of Jehovah:
14and she looked, and, behold, the king stood by the pillar, as the manner was, and the captains and the trumpets by the king; and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew trumpets. Then Athaliah rent her clothes, and cried, Treason! treason!
15And Jehoiada the priest commanded the captains of hundreds that were set over the host, and said unto them, Have her forth between the ranks; and him that followeth her slay with the sword. For the priest said, Let her not be slain in the house of Jehovah.
16So they made way for her; and she went by the way of the horses` entry to the king`s house: and there was she slain.
17And Jehoiada made a covenant between Jehovah and the king and the people, that they should be Jehovah`s people; between the king also and the people.
18And all the people of the land went to the house of Baal, and brake it down; his altars and his images brake they in pieces thoroughly, and slew Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. And the priest appointed officers over the house of Jehovah.
19And he took the captains over hundreds, and the Carites, and the guard, and all the people of the land; and they brought down the king from the house of Jehovah, and came by the way of the gate of the guard unto the king`s house. And he sat on the throne of the kings.
20So all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet. And Athaliah they had slain with the sword at the king`s house.
21Jehoash was seven years old when he began to reign.
1When Athaliah, the mother of Ahaziah, saw that her son was dead, she was determined to destroy the entire royal line.
2So Jehosheba, the daughter of King Jehoram and sister of Ahaziah, took Ahaziah’s son Joash and stole him away from the rest of the royal descendants who were to be executed. She hid him and his nurse in the room where the bed covers were stored. So he was hidden from Athaliah and escaped execution.
3He hid out with his nurse in the Lord’s temple for six years, while Athaliah was ruling over the land.
4In the seventh year Jehoiada summoned the officers of the units of hundreds of the Carians and the royal bodyguard. He met with them in the Lord’s temple. He made an agreement with them and made them swear an oath of allegiance in the Lord’s temple. Then he showed them the king’s son.
5He ordered them, “This is what you must do. One third of the unit that is on duty during the Sabbath will guard the royal palace.
6Another third of you will be stationed at the Foundation Gate. Still another third of you will be stationed at the gate behind the royal guard. You will take turns guarding the palace.
7The two units who are off duty on the Sabbath will guard the Lord’s temple and protect the king.
8You must surround the king. Each of you must hold his weapon in his hand. Whoever approaches your ranks must be killed. You must accompany the king wherever he goes.”
9The officers of the units of hundreds did just as Jehoiada the priest ordered. Each of them took his men, those who were on duty during the Sabbath as well as those who were off duty on the Sabbath, and reported to Jehoiada the priest.
10The priest gave to the officers of the units of hundreds King David’s spears and the shields that were kept in the Lord’s temple.
11The royal bodyguard took their stations, each holding his weapon in his hand. They lined up from the south side of the temple to the north side and stood near the altar and the temple, surrounding the king.
12Jehoiada led out the king’s son and placed on him the crown and the royal insignia. They proclaimed him king and poured olive oil on his head. They clapped their hands and cried out, “Long live the king!”
13When Athaliah heard the royal guard shout, she joined the crowd at the Lord’s temple.
14Then she saw the king standing by the pillar, according to custom. The officers stood beside the king with their trumpets, and all the people of the land were celebrating and blowing trumpets. Athaliah tore her clothes and screamed, “Treason, treason!”
15Jehoiada the priest ordered the officers of the units of hundreds, who were in charge of the army, “Bring her outside the temple to the guards. Put to death by the sword anyone who follows her.” The priest gave this order because he had decided she should not be executed in the Lord’s temple.
16They seized her and took her into the precincts of the royal palace through the horses’ entrance. There she was executed.
17Jehoiada then drew up a covenant between the Lord and the king and people, stipulating that they should be loyal to the Lord.
18All the people of the land went and demolished the temple of Baal. They smashed its altars and idols to bits. They killed Mattan the priest of Baal in front of the altar. Jehoiada the priest then placed guards at the Lord’s temple.
19He took the officers of the units of hundreds, the Carians, the royal bodyguard, and all the people of the land, and together they led the king down from the Lord’s temple. They entered the royal palace through the Gate of the Royal Bodyguard, and the king sat down on the royal throne.
20All the people of the land celebrated, for the city had rest now that they had killed Athaliah with the sword in the royal palace.
21(12:1) Jehoash was seven years old when he began to reign.
1Now when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the royal offspring.
2But Jehosheba, the daughter of king Joram, sister of Ahaziah, took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him away from among the king’s sons who were slain, even him and his nurse, and put them in the bedroom; and they hid him from Athaliah, so that he was not slain.
3He was with her hidden in Yahweh’s house six years while Athaliah reigned over the land.
4In the seventh year Jehoiada sent and fetched the captains over hundreds of the Carites and of the guard, and brought them to him into Yahweh’s house; and he made a covenant with them, and made a covenant with them in Yahweh’s house, and showed them the king’s son.
5He commanded them, saying, “This is what you must do: a third of you, who come in on the Sabbath, shall be keepers of the watch of the king’s house;
6a third of you shall be at the gate Sur; and a third of you at the gate behind the guard. So you shall keep the watch of the house, and be a barrier.
7The two companies of you, even all who go out on the Sabbath, shall keep the watch of Yahweh’s house around the king.
8You shall surround the king, every man with his weapons in his hand; and he who comes within the ranks, let him be slain. Be with the king when he goes out, and when he comes in.”
9The captains over hundreds did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded; and they each took his men, those who were to come in on the Sabbath, with those who were to go out on the Sabbath, and came to Jehoiada the priest.
10The priest delivered to the captains over hundreds the spears and shields that had been king David’s, which were in Yahweh’s house.
11The guard stood, every man with his weapons in his hand, from the right side of the house to the left side of the house, along by the altar and the house, around the king.
12Then he brought out the king’s son, and put the crown on him, and gave him the covenant; and they made him king, and anointed him; and they clapped their hands, and said, “Long live the king!”
13When Athaliah heard the noise of the guard and of the people, she came to the people into Yahweh’s house:
14and she looked, and behold, the king stood by the pillar, as the tradition was, with the captains and the trumpets by the king; and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew trumpets. Then Athaliah tore her clothes, and cried, “Treason! Treason!”
15Jehoiada the priest commanded the captains of hundreds who were set over the army, and said to them, “Bring her out between the ranks. Kill anyone who follows her with the sword.” For the priest said, “Don’t let her be slain in Yahweh’s house.”
16So they made way for her; and she went by the way of the horses’ entry to the king’s house, and she was slain there.
17Jehoiada made a covenant between Yahweh and the king and the people, that they should be Yahweh’s people; also between the king and the people.
18All the people of the land went to the house of Baal, and broke it down; his altars and his images broke they in pieces thoroughly, and killed Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. The priest appointed officers over Yahweh’s house.
19He took the captains over hundreds, and the Carites, and the guard, and all the people of the land; and they brought down the king from Yahweh’s house, and came by the way of the gate of the guard to the king’s house. He sat on the throne of the kings.
20So all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet. They had slain Athaliah with the sword at the king’s house.
21Jehoash was seven years old when he began to reign.
Summary
After her son Ahaziah's death, Athaliah destroys the rest of the royal family and seizes Judah's throne, but the infant Joash is rescued by his aunt Jehosheba and hidden in the temple for six years (vv. 1-3). In the seventh year, the priest Jehoiada arms the temple guard, brings out young Joash, crowns and anoints him, and the people proclaim him king (vv. 4-12). Athaliah rushes to the temple crying treason but is seized and executed outside its gates (vv. 13-16). Jehoiada then leads the people in covenants to serve the Lord and support the king, and the crowd tears down the temple of Baal and kills its priest (vv. 17-18). Joash is enthroned in the palace, and the city rests quietly after Athaliah's violent end (vv. 19-21).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Samaria — capital of the northern kingdom (Israel); falls to Assyria in 722 BC (ch.17). Jerusalem — capital of Judah; falls to Babylon in 586 BC (ch.25).
- Key locations: Jordan River (Elisha's miracles, chs.2, 5), Damascus (Syria/Aram), Nineveh (Assyrian capital), Babylon (where Judah is exiled).
- Sennacherib's invasion route threatens Jerusalem (chs.18-19). Exile destinations: Assyria (for Israel) and Babylon (for Judah).
Places on this map
- SamariaSebastia, West BankOmri bought a bare hill and built a capital on it, which gave the northern kingdom a fortress with no prior claim on it, the same calculation David made with Jerusalem. It commands the pass west toward the coastal plain. The name later spread to the whole region between Galilee and Judea. Wikipedia
- Assyrianorthern IraqThe upper Tigris heartland around Nineveh, Calah and Asshur. Its armies reached Israel by following the Fertile Crescent north-west and then south down the coast, so the threat always arrived from the north even though Assyria lay to the east. Wikipedia
- JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
- Babylonnear Hillah, IraqOn the Euphrates about 55 miles south of modern Baghdad. Judah's exiles were marched roughly 900 miles to get here, the long way round the Arabian desert, which is why the journey took months and the return was a genuine undertaking rather than a short trip home. Wikipedia
- Jordan RiverIsrael / Jordan borderRuns about 65 miles as the crow flies from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea, dropping from 700 to 1,400 feet below sea level. Narrow enough to wade at most fords, it was still the boundary that divided wilderness from inheritance. Wikipedia
- DamascusDamascus, SyriaAn oasis city where the Barada river runs out of the Anti-Lebanon into the desert, about 135 miles north-east of Jerusalem. It sat astride the caravan roads to Mesopotamia and Arabia, which made Aram rich and made it Israel's most persistent northern rival. Wikipedia
- NinevehMosul, IraqAssyria's last capital, on the east bank of the Tigris across from modern Mosul, about 500 miles north-east of Israel. Sennacherib walled in an enormous city here, which is the scale behind Jonah's three days' journey and its 120,000 who cannot tell right from left. Wikipedia
- AramSyriaThe Syrian interior north-east of Israel, a set of city-states rather than one kingdom, with Damascus the strongest. Aramaic, its language, became the everyday speech of the whole region including Judea. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that this chapter represents the closest the Davidic line came to extinction — and therefore the closest Satan came to preventing the Messiah. God's promise hung on one hidden infant for six years. Guzik notes that Jehoiada's plan was both spiritually motivated and practically brilliant — he used the Sabbath guard rotation to double his forces without arousing suspicion.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of 2 Kings -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- A Grandmother's Murderous Ambition (v.1) — Athaliah responds to her son's death not with grief but with a plot to wipe out her own grandchildren so she can seize the throne. What ambitions in your own heart would you need to examine if they demanded that kind of cost from others?
- One Hidden Child Preserves a Promise (v.2) — Jehosheba's quiet courage in hiding infant Joash for six years is the thread God's covenant hangs on. What quiet, unnoticed act of faithfulness might God be asking of you right now, even if no one sees it?
- Order and Timing in God's Rescue (vv.4-12) — Jehoiada doesn't act rashly; he waits for the right moment and plans the coronation carefully within the bounds of covenant order. Where do you need patience to let God's timing unfold rather than forcing a rescue on your own schedule?
- Crying "Treason" While Guilty of It (vv.13-16) — Athaliah, the usurper and murderer, accuses the rightful restoration of treason. Have you ever accused others of the very thing you were doing yourself, and what would it take to see that clearly?
- Restoration Requires Recommitment, Not Just New Leadership (v.17) — Jehoiada's first act as the new order begins is a covenant renewal between God, king, and people, not merely a change of ruler. When you experience a fresh start, do you pair it with genuine recommitment to God, or just a change in circumstances?
- Righteous Order Brings Quiet (v.20) — After years of Athaliah's tyranny, the city finally rests once the rightful king is in place and false worship is torn down. What disorder in your own life might trace back to something — or someone — occupying a place that isn't rightfully theirs?