2 Kings — Chapter 13

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1In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah king of Judah Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned seventeen years.

2And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, and followed the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, which made Israel to sin; he departed not therefrom.

3And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of Hazael king of Syria, and into the hand of Ben-hadad the son of Hazael, all their days.

4And Jehoahaz besought the LORD, and the LORD hearkened unto him: for he saw the oppression of Israel, because the king of Syria oppressed them.

5(And the LORD gave Israel a saviour, so that they went out from under the hand of the Syrians: and the children of Israel dwelt in their tents, as beforetime.

6Nevertheless they departed not from the sins of the house of Jeroboam, who made Israel sin, but walked therein: and there remained the grove also in Samaria.)

7Neither did he leave of the people to Jehoahaz but fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Syria had destroyed them, and had made them like the dust by threshing.

8Now the rest of the acts of Jehoahaz, and all that he did, and his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

9And Jehoahaz slept with his fathers; and they buried him in Samaria: and Joash his son reigned in his stead.

10In the thirty and seventh year of Joash king of Judah began Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned sixteen years.

11And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD; he departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel sin: but he walked therein.

12And the rest of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, and his might wherewith he fought against Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

13And Joash slept with his fathers; and Jeroboam sat upon his throne: and Joash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.

14Now Elisha was fallen sick of his sickness whereof he died. And Joash the king of Israel came down unto him, and wept over his face, and said, O my father, my father, the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof.

15And Elisha said unto him, Take bow and arrows. And he took unto him bow and arrows.

16And he said to the king of Israel, Put thine hand upon the bow. And he put his hand upon it: and Elisha put his hands upon the king’s hands.

17And he said, Open the window eastward. And he opened it. Then Elisha said, Shoot. And he shot. And he said, The arrow of the LORD’S deliverance, and the arrow of deliverance from Syria: for thou shalt smite the Syrians in Aphek, till thou have consumed them.

18And he said, Take the arrows. And he took them. And he said unto the king of Israel, Smite upon the ground. And he smote thrice, and stayed.

19And the man of God was wroth with him, and said, Thou shouldest have smitten five or six times; then hadst thou smitten Syria till thou hadst consumed it: whereas now thou shalt smite Syria but thrice.

20And Elisha died, and they buried him. And the bands of the Moabites invaded the land at the coming in of the year.

21And it came to pass, as they were burying a man, that, behold, they spied a band of men; and they cast the man into the sepulchre of Elisha: and when the man was let down, and touched the bones of Elisha, he revived, and stood up on his feet.

22But Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz.

23And the LORD was gracious unto them, and had compassion on them, and had respect unto them, because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and would not destroy them, neither cast he them from his presence as yet.

24So Hazael king of Syria died; and Ben-hadad his son reigned in his stead.

25And Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz took again out of the hand of Ben-hadad the son of Hazael the cities, which he had taken out of the hand of Jehoahaz his father by war. Three times did Joash beat him, and recovered the cities of Israel.

1In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria, [and reigned] seventeen years.

2And he did that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah, and followed the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, wherewith he made Israel to sin; he departed not therefrom.

3And the anger of Jehovah was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of Hazael king of Syria, and into the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael, continually.

4And Jehoahaz besought Jehovah, and Jehovah hearkened unto him; for he saw the oppression of Israel, how that the king of Syria oppressed them.

5(And Jehovah gave Israel a saviour, so that they went out from under the hand of the Syrians; and the children of Israel dwelt in their tents as beforetime.

6Nevertheless they departed not from the sins of the house of Jeroboam, wherewith he made Israel to sin, but walked therein: and there remained the Asherah also in Samaria.)

7For he left not to Jehoahaz of the people save fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Syria destroyed them, and made them like the dust in threshing.

8Now the rest of the acts of Jehoahaz, and all that he did, and his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

9And Jehoahaz slept with his fathers; and they buried him in Samaria: and Joash his son reigned in his stead.

10In the thirty and seventh year of Joash king of Judah began Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz to reign over Israel in Samaria, [and reigned] sixteen years.

11And he did that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah; he departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, wherewith he made Israel to sin; but he walked therein.

12Now the rest of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, and his might wherewith he fought against Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

13And Joash slept with his fathers; and Jeroboam sat upon his throne: and Joash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.

14Now Elisha was fallen sick of his sickness whereof he died: and Joash the king of Israel came down unto him, and wept over him, and said, My father, my father, the chariots of Israel and the horsemen thereof!

15And Elisha said unto him, Take bow and arrows; and he took unto him bow and arrows.

16And he said to the king of Israel, Put thy hand upon the bow; and he put his hand [upon it]. And Elisha laid his hands upon the king`s hands.

17And he said, Open the window eastward; and he opened it. Then Elisha said, Shoot; and he shot. And he said, Jehovah`s arrow of victory, even the arrow of victory over Syria; for thou shalt smite the Syrians in Aphek, till thou have consumed them.

18And he said, Take the arrows; and he took them. And he said unto the king of Israel, Smite upon the ground; and he smote thrice, and stayed.

19And the man of God was wroth with him, and said, Thou shouldest have smitten five or six times: then hadst thou smitten Syria till thou hadst consumed it, whereas now thou shalt smite Syria but thrice.

20And Elisha died, and they buried him. Now the bands of the Moabites invaded the land at the coming in of the year.

21And it came to pass, as they were burying a man, that, behold, they spied a band; and they cast the man into the sepulchre of Elisha: and as soon as the man touched the bones of Elisha, he revived, and stood up on his feet.

22And Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz.

23But Jehovah was gracious unto them, and had compassion on them, and had respect unto them, because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and would not destroy them, neither cast he them from his presence as yet.

24And Hazael king of Syria died; and Benhadad his son reigned in his stead.

25And Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz took again out of the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael the cities which he had taken out of the hand of Jehoahaz his father by war. Three times did Joash smite him, and recovered the cities of Israel.

1In the twenty-third year of the reign of Judah’s King Joash son of Ahaziah, Jehu’s son Jehoahaz became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria for 17 years.

2He did evil in the sight of the Lord. He continued in the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who had encouraged Israel to sin; he did not repudiate those sins.

3The Lord was furious with Israel and handed them over to King Hazael of Syria and to Hazael’s son Ben Hadad for many years.

4Jehoahaz asked for the Lord’s mercy, and the Lord responded favorably, for he saw that Israel was oppressed by the king of Syria.

5The Lord provided a deliverer for Israel, and they were freed from Syria’s power. The Israelites once more lived in security.

6But they did not repudiate the sinful ways of the family of Jeroboam, who encouraged Israel to sin; they continued in those sins. There was even an Asherah pole standing in Samaria.

7Jehoahaz had no army left except for 50 horsemen, 10 chariots, and 10,000 foot soldiers. The king of Syria had destroyed his troops and trampled on them as dust.

8The rest of the events of Jehoahaz’s reign, including all his accomplishments and successes, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel.

9Jehoahaz passed away and was buried in Samaria. His son Jehoash replaced him as king.

10In the thirty-seventh year of King Jehoash’s reign over Judah, Jehoahaz’s son Jehoash became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria for 16 years.

11He did evil in the sight of the Lord. He did not repudiate the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin; he continued in those sins.

12The rest of the events of Jehoash’s reign, including all his accomplishments and his successful war with King Amaziah of Judah, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel.

13Jehoash passed away and Jeroboam succeeded him on the throne. Jehoash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.

14Now Elisha had a terminal illness. King Jehoash of Israel went down to visit him. He wept before him and said, “My father, my father! The chariot and horsemen of Israel!”

15Elisha told him, “Take a bow and some arrows,” and he did so.

16Then Elisha told the king of Israel, “Aim the bow.” He did so, and Elisha placed his hands on the king’s hands.

17Elisha said, “Open the east window,” and he did so. Elisha said, “Shoot!” and he did so. Elisha said, “This arrow symbolizes the victory the Lord will give you over Syria. You will annihilate Syria in Aphek!”

18Then Elisha said, “Take the arrows,” and he did so. He told the king of Israel, “Strike the ground!” He struck the ground three times and stopped.

19The prophet got angry at him and said, “If you had struck the ground five or six times, you would have annihilated Syria! But now, you will defeat Syria only three times.”

20Elisha died and was buried. Moabite raiding parties invaded the land at the beginning of the year.

21One day some men were burying a man when they spotted a raiding party. So they threw the dead man into Elisha’s tomb. When the body touched Elisha’s bones, the dead man came to life and stood on his feet.

22Now King Hazael of Syria oppressed Israel throughout Jehoahaz’s reign.

23But the Lord had mercy on them and felt pity for them. He extended his favor to them because of the promise he had made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. He has been unwilling to destroy them or remove them from his presence to this very day.

24When King Hazael of Syria died, his son Ben Hadad replaced him as king.

25Jehoahaz’s son Jehoash took back from Ben Hadad son of Hazael the cities that he had taken from his father Jehoahaz in war. Jehoash defeated him three times and recovered the Israelite cities.

1In the twenty-third year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria for seventeen years.

2He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, and followed the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin. He didn’t depart from it.

3Yahweh’s anger burned against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of Hazael king of Syria, and into the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael, continually.

4Jehoahaz begged Yahweh, and Yahweh listened to him; for he saw the oppression of Israel, how the king of Syria oppressed them.

5(Yahweh gave Israel a savior, so that they went out from under the hand of the Syrians; and the children of Israel lived in their tents as before.

6Nevertheless they didn’t depart from the sins of the house of Jeroboam, with which he made Israel to sin, but walked in them; and the Asherah also remained in Samaria.)

7For he didn’t leave to Jehoahaz of the people any more than fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Syria destroyed them, and made them like the dust in threshing.

8Now the rest of the acts of Jehoahaz, and all that he did, and his might, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

9Jehoahaz slept with his fathers; and they buried him in Samaria; and Joash his son reigned in his place.

10In the thirty-seventh year of Joash king of Judah, Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz began to reign over Israel in Samaria for sixteen years.

11He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight. He didn’t depart from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin; but he walked in them.

12Now the rest of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, and his might with which he fought against Amaziah king of Judah, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

13Joash slept with his fathers; and Jeroboam sat on his throne. Joash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.

14Now Elisha became sick with the illness of which he died; and Joash the king of Israel came down to him, and wept over him, and said, “My father, my father, the chariots of Israel and its horsemen!”

15Elisha said to him, “Take bow and arrows”; and he took bow and arrows for himself.

16He said to the king of Israel, “Put your hand on the bow”; and he put his hand on it. Elisha laid his hands on the king’s hands.

17He said, “Open the window eastward”; and he opened it. Then Elisha said, “Shoot!” and he shot. He said, “Yahweh’s arrow of victory, even the arrow of victory over Syria; for you will strike the Syrians in Aphek, until you have consumed them.”

18He said, “Take the arrows”; and he took them. He said to the king of Israel, “Strike the ground”; and he struck three times, and stopped.

19The man of God was angry with him, and said, “You should have struck five or six times. Then you would have struck Syria until you had consumed it; whereas now you will strike Syria just three times.”

20Elisha died, and they buried him. Now the bands of the Moabites invaded the land at the coming in of the year.

21As they were burying a man, behold, they saw a band of raiders; and they threw the man into Elisha’s tomb. As soon as the man touched Elisha’s bones, he revived, and stood up on his feet.

22Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz.

23But Yahweh was gracious to them, and had compassion on them, and had respect for them, because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and would not destroy them, and he didn’t cast them from his presence as yet.

24Hazael king of Syria died; and Benhadad his son reigned in his place.

25Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz took again out of the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael the cities which he had taken out of the hand of Jehoahaz his father by war. Joash struck him three times, and recovered the cities of Israel.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Elisha dies and is buried; Jehoahaz's reign under Syrian oppression is briefly noted. Even in death, Elisha's bones raise a man to life—a final sign that God's power outlasts His prophets.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Jeremiah or a prophetic school. Originally one book with 1 Kings. Covers approximately 250 years (850-586 BC) from Elijah's translation through the Babylonian exile. Key themes: Elisha's ministry (double portion), the decline of both kingdoms, God's patience and warnings through prophets, the fall of Israel to Assyria (722 BC), Judah's reforms and relapses, and the final judgment — exile to Babylon (586 BC). The book ends in darkness but with a glimmer of hope: Jehoiachin released from prison.
Historical Context: Chapter 13 covers the reigns of Jehoahaz and Jehoash (Joash) of Israel — the second and third generations of Jehu's dynasty — and records the death of Elisha. Israel is at its lowest military point: Hazael has reduced the army to fifty horsemen, ten chariots, and ten thousand infantry — "made them like the dust by threshing" (v.7). Yet God does not abandon them: "the LORD was gracious unto them, and had compassion on them... because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob" (v.23). The chapter contains Elisha's final prophetic act — the arrows of deliverance — and the remarkable posthumous miracle of a dead man reviving upon touching Elisha's bones. Even in death, the prophet of the double portion gives life.
Jehoahaz of Israel (vv.1-9): Jehoahaz reigns seventeen years and does evil — following Jeroboam's sins. God's anger results in Syrian domination under Hazael and his son Ben-hadad. Israel's army is devastated: fifty horsemen, ten chariots, ten thousand foot soldiers — a fraction of Solomon's former strength. Yet when Jehoahaz "besought the LORD" (v.4), God listened — not because of Jehoahaz's merit but because He "saw the oppression of Israel." God gives a "saviour" (v.5) — likely referring to the later victories of Jehoash and Jeroboam II. Despite deliverance, Israel does not repent: "they departed not from the sins of the house of Jeroboam" (v.6). God's mercy does not produce gratitude or change.
Jehoash of Israel and Elisha's Death (vv.10-21): Jehoash also does evil but shows genuine grief at Elisha's impending death: "O my father, my father, the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof" (v.14) — the same words Elisha spoke at Elijah's departure (2:12). Elisha's final prophetic act is symbolic: he has the king shoot an arrow eastward (toward Syria) — "the arrow of the LORD's deliverance." Then he commands: "Smite upon the ground." The king strikes three times and stops. Elisha is angry: "Thou shouldest have smitten five or six times" — the king's limited action limits his victory. He will defeat Syria three times, not completely. The lesson: half-hearted obedience receives half-hearted results. After Elisha's death, a dead man thrown into his tomb revives upon touching his bones — the double portion still operates even after death. Elisha's power was not his own; it was God's, and God's power does not die with the prophet.
God's Covenant Faithfulness (vv.22-25): Despite Israel's persistent sin, God remains gracious "because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob" (v.23). The Abrahamic covenant — not Israel's merit — restrains judgment. When Hazael dies, his son Ben-hadad is weaker, and Jehoash recovers cities from Syria — exactly three times, as Elisha prophesied. God's word is fulfilled precisely, even when limited by human half-heartedness.

Map & Geography

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that the arrows incident reveals how our passion and persistence determine the extent of God's blessing. The king struck three times — perhaps thinking it sufficient, perhaps lacking urgency. Elisha's anger shows that God wants wholehearted, passionate engagement with His promises. Guzik also notes the posthumous miracle as evidence that Elisha truly received the double portion — even his bones carry resurrection power.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "The king smote three times and stayed. He should have smitten until the arrows were spent. Here is the picture of many believers: they pray three times and stop. They obey partially and cease. They fight the good fight for a season and then sit down. God says, 'You should have continued! You should have persisted! Your victory was limited not by My power but by your passion.' Strike again, believer. Do not stop at three when God offers five or six. Your half-heartedness is the only limit on God's deliverance."

Reflection

  • 1. God hears prayer even from imperfect people (v.4). Jehoahaz was evil — yet when he prayed, God listened. God responds to genuine need, not perfect character. Do not let your failures prevent you from crying out to God. He sees your oppression even when you have contributed to it.
  • 2. Half-hearted obedience produces limited results (vv.18-19). The king struck three times when he should have struck five or six. His lack of passion limited his victory. How vigorously are you pursuing what God has promised? Your zeal determines your outcome. Strike again. Do not stop short of complete victory.
  • 3. God's power outlasts His servants (v.21). Elisha's bones raised the dead. The prophet died, but God's power did not. Do not despair when godly leaders pass away. The God who empowered them still lives and still acts. His power is not buried with His servants.
  • 4. Covenant faithfulness restrains judgment (v.23). Israel deserved destruction. God spared them because of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob — men who had been dead for centuries. God's promises to the faithful create a shelter that extends far beyond their lifetime. Your faithfulness today may protect people you will never meet.
  • 5. Deliverance without repentance is wasted grace (vv.5-6). God delivered Israel from Syria, but they did not depart from Jeroboam's sins. Rescue without reformation leads to repeated cycles of judgment. When God delivers you, respond with repentance — not just relief.