2 Kings — Chapter 25
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1And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he, and all his host, against Jerusalem, and pitched against it; and they built forts against it round about.
2And the city was besieged unto the eleventh year of king Zedekiah.
3And on the ninth day of the fourth month the famine prevailed in the city, and there was no bread for the people of the land.
4And the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled by night by the way of the gate between two walls, which is by the king’s garden: (now the Chaldees were against the city round about:) and the king went the way toward the plain.
5And the army of the Chaldees pursued after the king, and overtook him in the plains of Jericho: and all his army were scattered from him.
6So they took the king, and brought him up to the king of Babylon to Riblah; and they gave judgment upon him.
7And they slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes, and put out the eyes of Zedekiah, and bound him with fetters of brass, and carried him to Babylon.
8And in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which is the nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, came Nebuzar-adan, captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, unto Jerusalem:
9And he burnt the house of the LORD, and the king’s house, and all the houses of Jerusalem, and every great man’s house burnt he with fire.
10And all the army of the Chaldees, that were with the captain of the guard, brake down the walls of Jerusalem round about.
11Now the rest of the people that were left in the city, and the fugitives that fell away to the king of Babylon, with the remnant of the multitude, did Nebuzar-adan the captain of the guard carry away.
12But the captain of the guard left of the poor of the land to be vinedressers and husbandmen.
13And the pillars of brass that were in the house of the LORD, and the bases, and the brasen sea that was in the house of the LORD, did the Chaldees break in pieces, and carried the brass of them to Babylon.
14And the pots, and the shovels, and the snuffers, and the spoons, and all the vessels of brass wherewith they ministered, took they away.
15And the firepans, and the bowls, and such things as were of gold, in gold, and of silver, in silver, the captain of the guard took away.
16The two pillars, one sea, and the bases which Solomon had made for the house of the LORD; the brass of all these vessels was without weight.
17The height of the one pillar was eighteen cubits, and the chapiter upon it was brass: and the height of the chapiter three cubits; and the wreathen work, and pomegranates upon the chapiter round about, all of brass: and like unto these had the second pillar with wreathen work.
18And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the door:
19And out of the city he took an officer that was set over the men of war, and five men of them that were in the king’s presence, which were found in the city, and the principal scribe of the host, which mustered the people of the land, and threescore men of the people of the land that were found in the city:
20And Nebuzar-adan captain of the guard took these, and brought them to the king of Babylon to Riblah:
21And the king of Babylon smote them, and slew them at Riblah in the land of Hamath. So Judah was carried away out of their land.
22And as for the people that remained in the land of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had left, even over them he made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, ruler.
23And when all the captains of the armies, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, there came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Careah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah the son of a Maachathite, they and their men.
24And Gedaliah sware to them, and to their men, and said unto them, Fear not to be the servants of the Chaldees: dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon; and it shall be well with you.
25But it came to pass in the seventh month, that Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, the son of Elishama, of the seed royal, came, and ten men with him, and smote Gedaliah, that he died, and the Jews and the Chaldees that were with him at Mizpah.
26And all the people, both small and great, and the captains of the armies, arose, and came to Egypt: for they were afraid of the Chaldees.
27And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on the seven and twentieth day of the month, that Evil-merodach king of Babylon in the year that he began to reign did lift up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah out of prison;
28And he spake kindly to him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with him in Babylon;
29And changed his prison garments: and he did eat bread continually before him all the days of his life.
30And his allowance was a continual allowance given him of the king, a daily rate for every day, all the days of his life.
1And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and encamped against it; and they built forts against it round about.
2So the city was besieged unto the eleventh year of king Zedekiah.
3On the ninth day of the [fourth] month the famine was sore in the city, so that there was no bread for the people of the land.
4Then a breach was made in the city, and all the men of war [fled] by night by the way of the gate between the two walls, which was by the king`s garden (now the Chaldeans were against the city round about); and [the king] went by the way of the Arabah.
5But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after the king, and overtook him in the plains of Jericho; and all his army was scattered from him.
6Then they took the king, and carried him up unto the king of Babylon to Riblah; and they gave judgment upon him.
7And they slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes, and put out the eyes of Zedekiah, and bound him in fetters, and carried him to Babylon.
8Now in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, came Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, unto Jerusalem.
9And he burnt the house of Jehovah, and the king`s house; and all the houses of Jerusalem, even every great house, burnt he with fire.
10And all the army of the Chaldeans, that were [with] the captain of the guard, brake down the walls of Jerusalem round about.
11And the residue of the people that were left in the city, and those that fell away, that fell to the king of Babylon, and the residue of the multitude, did Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carry away captive.
12But the captain of the guard left of the poorest of the land to be vinedressers and husbandmen.
13And the pillars of brass that were in the house of Jehovah, and the bases and the brazen sea that were in the house of Jehovah, did the Chaldeans break in pieces, and carried the brass of them to Babylon.
14And the pots, and the shovels, and the snuffers, and the spoons, and all the vessels of brass wherewith they ministered, took they away.
15And the firepans, and the basins, that which was of gold, in gold, and that which was of silver, in silver, the captain of the guard took away.
16The two pillars, the one sea, and the bases, which Solomon had made for the house of Jehovah, the brass of all these vessels was without weight.
17The height of the one pillar was eighteen cubits, and a capital of brass was upon it; and the height of the capital was three cubits, with network and pomegranates upon the capital round about, all of brass: and like unto these had the second pillar with network.
18And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the threshold:
19and out of the city he took an officer that was set over the men of war; and five men of them that saw the king`s face, who were found in the city; and the scribe, the captain of the host, who mustered the people of the land; and threescore men of the people of the land, that were found in the city.
20And Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard took them, and brought them to the king of Babylon to Riblah.
21And the king of Babylon smote them, and put them to death at Riblah in the land of Hamath. So Judah was carried away captive out of his land.
22And as for the people that were left in the land of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had left, even over them he made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, governor.
23Now when all the captains of the forces, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah the son of the Maacathite, they and their men.
24And Gedaliah sware to them and to their men, and said unto them, Fear not because of the servants of the Chaldeans: dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you.
25But it came to pass in the seventh month, that Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, the son of Elishama, of the seed royal, came, and ten men with him, and smote Gedaliah, so that he died, and the Jews and the Chaldeans that were with him at Mizpah.
26And all the people, both small and great, and the captains of the forces, arose, and came to Egypt; for they were afraid of the Chaldeans.
27And it came to pass in the seven and thirtieth year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on the seven and twentieth day of the month, that Evil-merodach king of Babylon, in the year that he began to reign, did lift up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah out of prison;
28and he spake kindly to him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings that were with him in Babylon,
29and changed his prison garments. And [Jehoiachin] did eat bread before him continually all the days of his life:
30and for his allowance, there was a continual allowance given him of the king, every day a portion, all the days of his life.
1So King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon came against Jerusalem with his whole army and set up camp outside it. They built siege ramps all around it. He arrived on the tenth day of the tenth month in the ninth year of Zedekiah’s reign.
2The city remained under siege until King Zedekiah’s eleventh year.
3By the ninth day of the fourth month the famine in the city was so severe the residents had no food.
4The enemy broke through the city walls, and all the soldiers tried to escape. They left the city during the night. They went through the gate between the two walls, which is near the king’s garden. (The Babylonians were all around the city.) Then they headed for the rift valley.
5But the Babylonian army chased after the king. They caught up with him in the rift valley plains of Jericho, and his entire army deserted him.
6They captured the king and brought him up to the king of Babylon at Riblah, where he passed sentence on him.
7Zedekiah’s sons were executed while Zedekiah was forced to watch. The king of Babylon then had Zedekiah’s eyes put out, bound him in bronze chains, and carried him off to Babylon.
8On the seventh day of the fifth month, in the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard, who served the king of Babylon, arrived in Jerusalem.
9He burned down the Lord’s temple, the royal palace, and all the houses in Jerusalem, including every large house.
10The whole Babylonian army that came with the captain of the royal guard tore down the walls that surrounded Jerusalem.
11Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard, deported the rest of the people who were left in the city, those who had deserted to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the craftsmen.
12But he left behind some of the poor of the land and gave them fields and vineyards.
13The Babylonians broke the two bronze pillars in the Lord’s temple, as well as the movable stands and the big bronze basin called “The Sea.” They took the bronze to Babylon.
14They also took the pots, shovels, trimming shears, pans, and all the bronze utensils used by the priests.
15The captain of the royal guard took the golden and silver censers and basins.
16The bronze of the items that King Solomon made for the Lord’s temple—including the two pillars, the big bronze basin called “The Sea,” the twelve bronze bulls under “The Sea,” and the movable stands—was too heavy to be weighed.
17Each of the pillars was about 27 feet high. The bronze top of one pillar was about 4½ feet high and had bronze latticework and pomegranate-shaped ornaments all around it. The second pillar with its latticework was like it.
18The captain of the royal guard took Seraiah, the chief priest, and Zephaniah, the priest who was second in rank, and the three doorkeepers.
19From the city he took a eunuch who was in charge of the soldiers, five of the king’s advisers who were discovered in the city, an official army secretary who drafted citizens for military service, and 60 citizens from the people of the land who were discovered in the city.
20Nebuzaradan, captain of the royal guard, took them and brought them to the king of Babylon at Riblah.
21The king of Babylon ordered them to be executed at Riblah in the territory of Hamath. So Judah was deported from its land.
22Now King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon appointed Gedaliah son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan, as governor over the people whom he allowed to remain in the land of Judah.
23All the officers of the Judahite army and their troops heard that the king of Babylon had appointed Gedaliah to govern. So they came to Gedaliah at Mizpah. The officers who came were Ishmael son of Nethaniah, Johanan son of Kareah, Seraiah son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah son of the Maacathite.
24Gedaliah took an oath so as to give them and their troops some assurance of safety. He said, “You don’t need to be afraid to submit to the Babylonian officials. Settle down in the land and submit to the king of Babylon. Then things will go well for you.”
25But in the seventh month Ishmael son of Nethaniah, son of Elishama, who was a member of the royal family, came with 10 of his men and murdered Gedaliah, as well as the Judeans and Babylonians who were with him at Mizpah.
26Then all the people, from the youngest to the oldest, as well as the army officers, left for Egypt, because they were afraid of what the Babylonians might do.
27In the thirty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin of Judah, on the twenty-seventh day of the twelfth month, King Evil Merodach of Babylon, in the first year of his reign, pardoned King Jehoiachin of Judah and released him from prison.
28He spoke kindly to him and gave him a more prestigious position than the other kings who were with him in Babylon.
29Jehoiachin took off his prison clothes and ate daily in the king’s presence for the rest of his life.
30He was given daily provisions by the king for the rest of his life until the day he died.
1In the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and encamped against it; and they built forts against it around it.
2So the city was besieged until the eleventh year of king Zedekiah.
3On the ninth day of the fourth month, the famine was severe in the city, so that there was no bread for the people of the land.
4Then a breach was made in the city, and all the men of war fled by night by the way of the gate between the two walls, which was by the king’s garden (now the Chaldeans were against the city around it); and the king went by the way of the Arabah.
5But the Chaldean army pursued the king, and overtook him in the plains of Jericho; and all his army was scattered from him.
6Then they captured the king, and carried him up to the king of Babylon to Riblah; and they passed judgment on him.
7They killed Zedekiah’s sons before his eyes, then put out Zedekiah’s eyes, bound him in fetters, and carried him to Babylon.
8Now in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which was the nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, came to Jerusalem.
9He burned Yahweh’s house, the king’s house, and all the houses of Jerusalem, even every great house, he burned with fire.
10All the army of the Chaldeans, who were with the captain of the guard, broke down the walls around Jerusalem.
11Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive the residue of the people who were left in the city, and those who fell away, who fell to the king of Babylon, and the residue of the multitude.
12But the captain of the guard left some of the poorest of the land to work the vineyards and fields.
13The Chaldeans broke up the pillars of brass that were in Yahweh’s house and the bases and the bronze sea that were in Yahweh’s house, and carried the brass pieces to Babylon.
14They took away the pots, the shovels, the snuffers, the spoons, and all the vessels of brass with which they ministered.
15The captain of the guard took away the fire pans, the basins, that which was of gold, in gold, and that which was of silver, in silver.
16The two pillars, the one sea, and the bases, which Solomon had made for Yahweh’s house, the brass of all these vessels was not weighed.
17The height of the one pillar was eighteen cubits, and a capital of brass was on it. The height of the capital was three cubits, with network and pomegranates on the capital around it, all of brass; and the second pillar with its network was like these.
18The captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the threshold;
19and out of the city he took an officer who was set over the men of war; and five men of those who saw the king’s face, who were found in the city; and the scribe, the captain of the army, who mustered the people of the land; and sixty men of the people of the land, who were found in the city.
20Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard took them, and brought them to the king of Babylon to Riblah.
21The king of Babylon attacked them, and put them to death at Riblah in the land of Hamath. So Judah was carried away captive out of his land.
22As for the people who were left in the land of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had left, even over them he made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, governor.
23Now when all the captains of the forces, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah the son of the Maacathite, they and their men.
24Gedaliah swore to them and to their men, and said to them, “Don’t be afraid because of the servants of the Chaldeans. Dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it will be well with you.”
25But in the seventh month, Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, the son of Elishama, of the royal offspring came, and ten men with him, and struck Gedaliah, so that he died, with the Jews and the Chaldeans that were with him at Mizpah.
26All the people, both small and great, and the captains of the forces, arose, and came to Egypt; for they were afraid of the Chaldeans.
27In the thirty-seventh year of the captivity of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the twelfth month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month, Evilmerodach king of Babylon, in the year that he began to reign, lifted up the head of Jehoiachin king of Judah out of prison;
28and he spoke kindly to him, and set his throne above the throne of the kings who were with him in Babylon,
29and changed his prison garments. Jehoiachin ate bread before him continually all the days of his life;
30and for his allowance, there was a continual allowance given him from the king, every day a portion, all the days of his life.
Summary
Nebuchadnezzar destroys Jerusalem and burns the temple to the ground; Judah is carried into exile, ending the kingdom. The book closes with a faint hope: exiled King Jehoiachin is released from prison and eats at Babylon's table.
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Samaria — capital of the northern kingdom (Israel); falls to Assyria in 722 BC (ch.17). Jerusalem — capital of Judah; falls to Babylon in 586 BC (ch.25).
- Key locations: Jordan River (Elisha's miracles, chs.2, 5), Damascus (Syria/Aram), Nineveh (Assyrian capital), Babylon (where Judah is exiled).
- Sennacherib's invasion route threatens Jerusalem (chs.18-19). Exile destinations: Assyria (for Israel) and Babylon (for Judah).
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that the detailed inventory of Temple items destroyed serves as liturgical grief — the author catalogs what was lost the way a person in mourning remembers the details of what they loved. He also highlights the significance of ending 2 Kings with Jehoiachin's release rather than Jerusalem's destruction: the author deliberately structures hope as the final word, signaling that God's covenant with David endures even through the darkest judgment.
- Charles Spurgeon: "Jerusalem falls, the Temple burns, the king is blinded, and the people are scattered — and yet the book does not end there. It ends with a prisoner set free, with bread given daily, with a seat at the king's table. God's last word is never judgment — it is always mercy waiting beyond the fire. The exile looked like death; Jehoiachin's release whispered resurrection. David's line was not cut off but pruned, and from that pruned stump would grow a Branch (Isaiah 11:1). Do not read chapter 25 as the end of the story. Read it as the darkest hour before the dawn — and remember that He who released Jehoiachin from prison would one day release all His people from a far deeper bondage."
Reflection
- 1. Sin's consequences are real and devastating (vv.1-12). The exile was not a metaphor or a spiritual lesson — it was famine, broken walls, murdered children, blinding, chains, and death. God's warnings throughout Kings were not empty threats but promises of what disobedience would cost. Take sin seriously. The consequences of persistent rebellion are not theoretical — they are as real as fire on the Temple and chains on the king. What God warns about, He will bring about.
- 2. God's last word is never judgment — it is always hope (vv.27-30). The author could have ended 2 Kings at verse 21 or verse 26. Instead, he reaches forward 37 years to record Jehoiachin's release. This is deliberate theology: God's story does not end in exile. Whatever darkness you are walking through — whatever has been destroyed, lost, or taken — look for the epilogue. God always writes beyond the catastrophe. The cross was not the end; the empty tomb was. Your current chapter of suffering is not the final chapter.
- 3. The Davidic covenant survives even exile (v.27). Jehoiachin at the king's table means David's line endures. From this broken, imprisoned, released king descends Jesus Christ (Matthew 1:12). God's promises are not invalidated by human failure — they are tested, refined, and ultimately fulfilled through it. When everything in your life seems to contradict God's promises, remember Jehoiachin: 37 years in prison, then a seat at the table. God's timing is not our timing, but His word never fails.
- 4. Faithful communities can be destroyed by foolish leaders (vv.22-26). Gedaliah offered stability and hope for the remnant — "serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you." But one jealous man (Ishmael) destroyed everything with an act of violence, and the panicked remnant fled to Egypt against God's explicit command. One foolish leader can undo what patient faithfulness has built. Guard your communities against the Ishmaels — those driven by ambition, jealousy, or pride — who would destroy what they cannot control.
- 5. God provides daily bread even in exile (v.30). "A continual allowance... a daily rate for every day, all the days of his life." This echoes manna in the wilderness — daily provision, faithful and unceasing. Even in Babylon, even after judgment, God feeds His own. You may be in a season of exile — displacement, loss, consequences of past failures — but God's daily provision does not stop. He gives bread today. That is enough. That is the promise. That is hope.