2 Samuel — Chapter 11

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1And it came to pass, after the year was expired, at the time when kings go forth to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah. But David tarried still at Jerusalem.

2And it came to pass in an eveningtide, that David arose from off his bed, and walked upon the roof of the king’s house: and from the roof he saw a woman washing herself; and the woman was very beautiful to look upon.

3And David sent and enquired after the woman. And one said, Is not this Bath-sheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?

4And David sent messengers, and took her; and she came in unto him, and he lay with her; for she was purified from her uncleanness: and she returned unto her house.

5And the woman conceived, and sent and told David, and said, I am with child.

6And David sent to Joab, saying, Send me Uriah the Hittite. And Joab sent Uriah to David.

7And when Uriah was come unto him, David demanded of him how Joab did, and how the people did, and how the war prospered.

8And David said to Uriah, Go down to thy house, and wash thy feet. And Uriah departed out of the king’s house, and there followed him a mess of meat from the king.

9But Uriah slept at the door of the king’s house with all the servants of his lord, and went not down to his house.

10And when they had told David, saying, Uriah went not down unto his house, David said unto Uriah, Camest thou not from thy journey? why then didst thou not go down unto thine house?

11And Uriah said unto David, The ark, and Israel, and Judah, abide in tents; and my lord Joab, and the servants of my lord, are encamped in the open fields; shall I then go into mine house, to eat and to drink, and to lie with my wife? as thou livest, and as thy soul liveth, I will not do this thing.

12And David said to Uriah, Tarry here to day also, and to morrow I will let thee depart. So Uriah abode in Jerusalem that day, and the morrow.

13And when David had called him, he did eat and drink before him; and he made him drunk: and at even he went out to lie on his bed with the servants of his lord, but went not down to his house.

14And it came to pass in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah.

15And he wrote in the letter, saying, Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die.

16And it came to pass, when Joab observed the city, that he assigned Uriah unto a place where he knew that valiant men were.

17And the men of the city went out, and fought with Joab: and there fell some of the people of the servants of David; and Uriah the Hittite died also.

18Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war;

19And charged the messenger, saying, When thou hast made an end of telling the matters of the war unto the king,

20And if so be that the king’s wrath arise, and he say unto thee, Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city when ye did fight? knew ye not that they would shoot from the wall?

21Who smote Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? did not a woman cast a piece of a millstone upon him from the wall, that he died in Thebez? why went ye nigh the wall? then say thou, Thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.

22So the messenger went, and came and shewed David all that Joab had sent him for.

23And the messenger said unto David, Surely the men prevailed against us, and came out unto us into the field, and we were upon them even unto the entering of the gate.

24And the shooters shot from off the wall upon thy servants; and some of the king’s servants be dead, and thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.

25Then David said unto the messenger, Thus shalt thou say unto Joab, Let not this thing displease thee, for the sword devoureth one as well as another: make thy battle more strong against the city, and overthrow it: and encourage thou him.

26And when the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she mourned for her husband.

27And when the mourning was past, David sent and fetched her to his house, and she became his wife, and bare him a son. But the thing that David had done displeased the LORD.

1And it came to pass, at the return of the year, at the time when kings go out [to battle], that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah. But David tarried at Jerusalem.

2And it came to pass at eventide, that David arose from off his bed, and walked upon the roof of the king`s house: and from the roof he saw a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful to look upon.

3And David send and inquired after the woman. And one said, Is not this Bath-sheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?

4And David sent messengers, and took her; and she came in unto him, and he lay with her (for she was purified from her uncleanness); and she returned unto her house.

5And the woman conceived; and she sent and told David, and said, I am with child.

6And David sent to Joab, [saying], Send me Uriah the Hittite. And Joab sent Uriah to David.

7And when Uriah was come unto him, David asked of him how Joab did, and how the people fared, and how the war prospered.

8And David said to Uriah, Go down to thy house, and wash thy feet. And Uriah departed out of the king`s house, and there followed him a mess [of food] from the king.

9But Uriah slept at the door of the king`s house with all the servants of his lord, and went not down to his house.

10And when they had told David, saying, Uriah went not down unto his house, David said unto Uriah, Art thou not come from a journey? wherefore didst thou not go down unto thy house?

11And Uriah said unto David, The ark, and Israel, and Judah, abide in booths; and my lord Joab, and the servants of my lord, are encamped in the open field; shall I then go into my house, to eat and to drink, and to lie with my wife? as thou livest, and as thy soul liveth, I will not do this thing.

12And David said to Uriah, Tarry here to-day also, and to-morrow I will let thee depart. So Uriah abode in Jerusalem that day, and the morrow.

13And when David had called him, he did eat and drink before him; and he made him drunk: and at even he went out to lie on his bed with the servants of his lord, but went not down to his house.

14And it came to pass in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah.

15And he wrote in the letter, saying, Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die.

16And it came to pass, when Joab kept watch upon the city, that he assigned Uriah unto the place where he knew that valiant men were.

17And the men of the city went out, and fought with Joab: and there fell some of the people, even of the servants of David; and Uriah the Hittite died also.

18Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war;

19and he charged the messenger, saying, When thou hast made an end of telling all the things concerning the war unto the king,

20it shall be that, if the king`s wrath arise, and he say unto thee, Wherefore went ye so nigh unto the city to fight? knew ye not that they would shoot from the wall?

21who smote Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? did not a woman cast an upper millstone upon him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? why went ye so nigh the wall? then shalt thou say, Thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.

22So the messenger went, and came and showed David all that Joab had sent him for.

23And the messenger said unto David, The men prevailed against us, and came out unto us into the field, and we were upon them even unto the entrance of the gate.

24And the shooters shot at thy servants from off the wall; and some of the king`s servants are dead, and thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.

25Then David said unto the messenger, Thus shalt thou say unto Joab, Let not this thing displease thee, for the sword devoureth one as well as another; make thy battle more strong against the city, and overthrow it: and encourage thou him.

26And when the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she made lamentation for her husband.

27And when the mourning was past, David sent and took her home to his house, and she became his wife, and bare him a son. But the thing that David had done displeased Jehovah.

1In the spring of the year, at the time when kings normally conduct wars, David sent out Joab with his officers and the entire Israelite army. They defeated the Ammonites and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed behind in Jerusalem.

2One evening David got up from his bed and walked around on the roof of his palace. From the roof he saw a woman bathing. Now this woman was very attractive.

3So David sent someone to inquire about the woman. The messenger said, “Isn’t this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?”

4David sent some messengers to get her. She came to him and he went to bed with her. (Now at that time she was in the process of purifying herself from her menstrual uncleanness.) Then she returned to her home.

5The woman conceived and then sent word to David saying, “I’m pregnant.”

6So David sent a message to Joab that said, “Send me Uriah the Hittite.” So Joab sent Uriah to David.

7When Uriah came to him, David asked about how Joab and the army were doing and how the campaign was going.

8Then David said to Uriah, “Go down to your home and relax.” When Uriah left the palace, the king sent a gift to him.

9But Uriah stayed at the door of the palace with all the servants of his lord. He did not go down to his house.

10So they informed David, “Uriah has not gone down to his house.” So David said to Uriah, “Haven’t you just arrived from a journey? Why haven’t you gone down to your house?”

11Uriah replied to David, “The ark and Israel and Judah reside in temporary shelters, and my lord Joab and my lord’s soldiers are camping in the open field. Should I go to my house to eat and drink and go to bed with my wife? As surely as you are alive, I will not do this thing!”

12So David said to Uriah, “Stay here another day. Tomorrow I will send you back.” So Uriah stayed in Jerusalem both that day and the following one.

13Then David summoned him. He ate and drank with him, and got him drunk. But in the evening he went out to sleep on his bed with the servants of his lord; he did not go down to his own house.

14In the morning David wrote a letter to Joab and sent it with Uriah.

15In the letter he wrote: “Station Uriah at the front in the thick of the battle and then withdraw from him so he will be cut down and killed.”

16So as Joab kept watch on the city, he stationed Uriah at the place where he knew the best enemy soldiers were.

17When the men of the city came out and fought with Joab, some of David’s soldiers fell in battle. Uriah the Hittite also died.

18Then Joab sent a full battle report to David.

19He instructed the messenger as follows: “When you finish giving the battle report to the king,

20if the king becomes angry and asks you, ‘Why did you go so close to the city to fight? Didn’t you realize they would shoot from the wall?

21Who struck down Abimelech the son of Jerub-Besheth? Didn’t a woman throw an upper millstone down on him from the wall so that he died in Thebez? Why did you go so close to the wall?’ just say to him, ‘Your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.’”

22So the messenger departed. When he arrived, he informed David of all the news that Joab had sent with him.

23The messenger said to David, “The men overpowered us and attacked us in the field. But we forced them to retreat all the way to the door of the city gate.

24Then the archers shot at your servants from the wall and some of the king’s soldiers died. Your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.”

25David said to the messenger, “Tell Joab, ‘Don’t let this thing upset you. There is no way to anticipate whom the sword will cut down. Press the battle against the city and conquer it.’ Encourage him with these words.”

26When Uriah’s wife heard that her husband Uriah was dead, she mourned for him.

27When the time of mourning passed, David had her brought to his palace. She became his wife and she bore him a son. But what David had done upset the Lord.

1At the return of the year, at the time when kings go out, David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed at Jerusalem.

2At evening, David arose from his bed and walked on the roof of the king’s house. From the roof, he saw a woman bathing, and the woman was very beautiful to look at.

3David sent and inquired after the woman. One said, “Isn’t this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, Uriah the Hittite’s wife?”

4David sent messengers, and took her; and she came in to him, and he lay with her (for she was purified from her uncleanness); and she returned to her house.

5The woman conceived; and she sent and told David, and said, “I am with child.”

6David sent to Joab, “Send me Uriah the Hittite.” Joab sent Uriah to David.

7When Uriah had come to him, David asked him how Joab did, and how the people fared, and how the war prospered.

8David said to Uriah, “Go down to your house and wash your feet.” Uriah departed out of the king’s house, and a gift from the king was sent after him.

9But Uriah slept at the door of the king’s house with all the servants of his lord, and didn’t go down to his house.

10When they had told David, saying, “Uriah didn’t go down to his house,” David said to Uriah, “Haven’t you come from a journey? Why didn’t you go down to your house?”

11Uriah said to David, “The ark, Israel, and Judah, are staying in tents; and my lord Joab and the servants of my lord, are encamped in the open field. Shall I then go into my house to eat and to drink, and to lie with my wife? As you live, and as your soul lives, I will not do this thing!”

12David said to Uriah, “Stay here today also, and tomorrow I will let you depart.” So Uriah stayed in Jerusalem that day, and the next day.

13When David had called him, he ate and drink before him; and he made him drunk. At evening, he went out to lie on his bed with the servants of his lord, but didn’t go down to his house.

14In the morning, David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah.

15He wrote in the letter, saying, “Send Uriah to the forefront of the hottest battle, and retreat from him, that he may be struck, and die.”

16When Joab kept watch on the city, he assigned Uriah to the place where he knew that valiant men were.

17The men of the city went out, and fought with Joab. Some of the people fell, even of David’s servants; and Uriah the Hittite died also.

18Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war;

19and he commanded the messenger, saying, “When you have finished telling all the things concerning the war to the king,

20it shall be that, if the king’s wrath arise, and he asks you, ‘Why did you go so near to the city to fight? Didn’t you know that they would shoot from the wall?

21Who struck Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? Didn’t a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? Why did you go so near the wall?’ then you shall say, ‘Your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.’”

22So the messenger went, and came and showed David all that Joab had sent him for.

23The messenger said to David, “The men prevailed against us, and came out to us into the field, and we were on them even to the entrance of the gate.

24The shooters shot at your servants from off the wall; and some of the king’s servants are dead, and your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.”

25Then David said to the messenger, “Tell Joab, ‘Don’t let this thing displease you, for the sword devours one as well as another. Make your battle stronger against the city, and overthrow it.’ Encourage him.”

26When Uriah’s wife heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she mourned for her husband.

27When the mourning was past, David sent and took her home to his house, and she became his wife, and bore him a son. But the thing that David had done displeased Yahweh.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

David commits adultery with Bathsheba and she conceives. When his attempts to cover it up fail, David arranges for her husband Uriah to be killed in battle—a faithful soldier murdered by his own king.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Nathan and Gad (1 Chronicles 29:29). Originally one book with 1 Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. The book covers David's entire reign — from his lament over Saul's death to the purchase of the threshing floor for the future Temple (approximately 1010-970 BC). Key themes: the Davidic covenant (chapter 7), the consequences of sin even for the forgiven (chapters 11-20), God's faithfulness despite human failure, and the establishment of the eternal throne fulfilled in Christ.
Historical Context: Chapter 11 is the darkest chapter of David's life — adultery with Bathsheba, attempted cover-up, and the murder of Uriah. It is the hinge of 2 Samuel: everything before it is David's rise; everything after it is the consequence of his sin. The chapter opens with a telling detail: "at the time when kings go forth to battle... David tarried still at Jerusalem." David is where he should not be — at home when he should be at war. From his rooftop he sees Bathsheba bathing, sends for her, commits adultery, and she conceives. The rest of the chapter is David's increasingly desperate cover-up: he recalls Uriah from the front, hoping he will sleep with his wife and think the child is his. But Uriah — a foreigner, a Hittite — shows more integrity than the king of Israel, refusing to enjoy domestic comfort while his comrades sleep in the field. David gets him drunk — still Uriah will not go home. Finally, David sends Uriah back to the front carrying his own death warrant: "Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die." Uriah dies. David marries Bathsheba. The chapter ends with the most devastating sentence in the narrative: "But the thing that David had done displeased the LORD." The man after God's own heart has committed adultery and murder. The consequences will unfold for the rest of his life.
David's Idleness (v.1): The chapter's first verse contains the seeds of disaster. It is spring — "the time when kings go forth to battle." David sends Joab and the army to besiege Rabbah (the Ammonite capital, continuing the war from ch.10). "But David tarried still at Jerusalem." The king who once led from the front now stays behind. He is idle, comfortable, and unoccupied — the most dangerous condition for any person. Temptation finds its opportunity in idleness.
The Sin (vv.2-5): David rises from his bed in the evening (he has been sleeping during the day — another sign of indolence). Walking on his rooftop, he sees a woman bathing. The text notes she was "purifying herself from her uncleanness" — her menstrual purification, which means she was at her most fertile and the coming child is certainly David's, not Uriah's. David "sent and enquired" — the first step of pursuit. He is told she is "the wife of Uriah the Hittite" — he knows she is married. He "sent messengers, and took her" — the language of royal power used for personal gratification. The verbs pile up: sent, took, came, lay. There is no romance here — this is the abuse of royal power. She conceives and sends word: "I am with child." Three words that will change everything.
The Cover-Up (vv.6-13): David's first strategy: bring Uriah home so he will sleep with Bathsheba and assume the child is his. David recalls Uriah, makes small talk about the war, then says "Go down to thy house, and wash thy feet" — a euphemism for enjoying domestic comforts including marital relations. He even sends a gift of food. But Uriah sleeps at the palace door with the servants. His explanation (v.11) is a devastating rebuke to David — though Uriah does not know it: "The ark, and Israel, and Judah, abide in tents... shall I then go into mine house, to eat and to drink, and to lie with my wife?" Uriah's loyalty to his comrades and his God shames the king who has already violated both. David tries again — keeping Uriah another day and getting him drunk. Even drunk, Uriah will not go home. His integrity is unbreakable. David's cover-up has failed.
The Murder (vv.14-25): David escalates from adultery to murder. He writes a letter to Joab — sent by Uriah's own hand — ordering Uriah placed in the most dangerous position and then abandoned by his comrades. This is premeditated murder by proxy. Joab obeys (making him complicit) and assigns Uriah to a position where he knows the enemy's best fighters are. Uriah dies — along with other soldiers whose deaths are collateral damage of David's sin. Joab's report to David is carefully crafted: he anticipates David's anger at the tactical foolishness of approaching the wall, and instructs the messenger to defuse it with "Thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also." David's response is chilling in its callousness: "the sword devoureth one as well as another" — as if Uriah's death were random battlefield fortune rather than calculated murder.
The Aftermath (vv.26-27): Bathsheba mourns her husband (the standard mourning period was seven days). When mourning ends, David takes her as his wife and she bears a son. To the outside world, everything looks proper — a king marrying a war widow. But the narrator delivers the final verdict: "But the thing that David had done displeased the LORD." The Hebrew is stronger: "the thing was evil in the eyes of the LORD." God sees what no one else sees. David may have fooled Israel, but he has not fooled God.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem: Where David remains while his army besieges Rabbah — the rooftop from which he sees Bathsheba
  • Rabbah (Ammon): Where Uriah should be and where he is sent back to die — about 40 miles east of Jerusalem
  • The "forefront of the hottest battle" (v.15): The walls of Rabbah where Joab places Uriah to ensure his death

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik traces the progression of David's sin: idleness → looking → inquiring → sending → taking → lying → scheming → murdering. Each step made the next easier. He emphasizes that David's sin was not a momentary lapse but a sustained, deliberate series of choices. He also notes the devastating irony of Uriah's integrity — a Hittite showing more faithfulness to God's law than God's anointed king.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "David tarried at Jerusalem. He was idle, and the devil found work for idle hands. Had he been at the head of his troops, where duty called him, he would not have fallen into this snare. Let us learn that no man is safe from temptation, however high his standing or long his experience. The man after God's own heart fell into the foulest sin when he left his post. Our safety lies not in our past victories but in our present vigilance."

Reflection

  • 1. Idleness breeds temptation (v.1). David was where he should not have been, doing what he should not have been doing (nothing). When we abandon our calling, neglect our responsibilities, or drift into spiritual laziness, we create space for temptation to operate. Stay at your post. Stay engaged. Stay vigilant.
  • 2. Sin always escalates (vv.2-15). David's sin progressed: a look became an inquiry, an inquiry became a summons, a summons became adultery, adultery became deception, deception became murder. No one plans to become a murderer — but unchecked sin always escalates. The time to stop is at the first step, not the last.
  • 3. Integrity in others exposes our compromise (v.11). Uriah's faithfulness — refusing comfort while his comrades suffered — was an unconscious rebuke to David's self-indulgence. When we are living in sin, the integrity of others feels like condemnation. That discomfort is God's mercy — a mirror showing us what we have become.
  • 4. Power without accountability is dangerous (v.4). David "sent messengers, and took her." Royal power, unchecked by accountability, becomes the instrument of oppression. Every person in authority needs people who can say "no" to them. David had no one willing to challenge him — and the result was catastrophe.
  • 5. God sees what no one else sees (v.27). David's cover-up succeeded with everyone — except God. "The thing that David had done displeased the LORD." We may hide our sin from every human eye, but God sees all. This is both terrifying and merciful — terrifying because we cannot escape His sight, merciful because He will not let us remain in hidden sin forever. Chapter 12 is coming.