2 Samuel — Chapter 12

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1And the LORD sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and said unto him, There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.

2The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds:

3But the poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own meat, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter.

4And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him; but took the poor man’s lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him.

5And David’s anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he said to Nathan, As the LORD liveth, the man that hath done this thing shall surely die:

6And he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity.

7And Nathan said to David, Thou art the man. Thus saith the LORD God of Israel, I anointed thee king over Israel, and I delivered thee out of the hand of Saul;

8And I gave thee thy master’s house, and thy master’s wives into thy bosom, and gave thee the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that had been too little, I would moreover have given unto thee such and such things.

9Wherefore hast thou despised the commandment of the LORD, to do evil in his sight? thou hast killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and hast taken his wife to be thy wife, and hast slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.

10Now therefore the sword shall never depart from thine house; because thou hast despised me, and hast taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be thy wife.

11Thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house, and I will take thy wives before thine eyes, and give them unto thy neighbour, and he shall lie with thy wives in the sight of this sun.

12For thou didst it secretly: but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun.

13And David said unto Nathan, I have sinned against the LORD. And Nathan said unto David, The LORD also hath put away thy sin; thou shalt not die.

14Howbeit, because by this deed thou hast given great occasion to the enemies of the LORD to blaspheme, the child also that is born unto thee shall surely die.

15And Nathan departed unto his house. And the LORD struck the child that Uriah’s wife bare unto David, and it was very sick.

16David therefore besought God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night upon the earth.

17And the elders of his house arose, and went to him, to raise him up from the earth: but he would not, neither did he eat bread with them.

18And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died. And the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead: for they said, Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spake unto him, and he would not hearken unto our voice: how will he then vex himself, if we tell him that the child is dead?

19But when David saw that his servants whispered, David perceived that the child was dead: therefore David said unto his servants, Is the child dead? And they said, He is dead.

20Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed himself, and changed his apparel, and came into the house of the LORD, and worshipped: then he came to his own house; and when he required, they set bread before him, and he did eat.

21Then said his servants unto him, What thing is this that thou hast done? thou didst fast and weep for the child, while it was alive; but when the child was dead, thou didst rise and eat bread.

22And he said, While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept: for I said, Who can tell whether GOD will be gracious to me, that the child may live?

23But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me.

24And David comforted Bath-sheba his wife, and went in unto her, and lay with her: and she bare a son, and he called his name Solomon: and the LORD loved him.

25And he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet; and he called his name Jedidiah, because of the LORD.

26And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.

27And Joab sent messengers to David, and said, I have fought against Rabbah, and have taken the city of waters.

28Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city, and take it: lest I take the city, and it be called after my name.

29And David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and fought against it, and took it.

30And he took their king’s crown from off his head, the weight whereof was a talent of gold with the precious stones: and it was set on David’s head. And he brought forth the spoil of the city in great abundance.

31And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln: and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. So David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem.

1And Jehovah sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and said unto him, There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.

2The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds;

3but the poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own morsel, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter.

4And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him, but took the poor man`s lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him.

5And David`s anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he said to Nathan, As Jehovah liveth, the man that hath done this is worthy to die:

6and he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity.

7And Nathan said to David, Thou art the man. Thus saith Jehovah, the God of Israel, I anointed thee king over Israel, and I delivered thee out of the hand of Saul;

8and I gave thee thy master`s house, and thy master`s wives into thy bosom, and gave thee the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that had been too little, I would have added unto thee such and such things.

9Wherefore hast thou despised the word of Jehovah, to do that which is evil in his sight? thou hast smitten Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and hast taken his wife to be thy wife, and hast slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.

10Now therefore the sword shall never depart from thy house, because thou hast despised me, and hast taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be thy wife.

11Thus saith Jehovah, Behold, I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house; and I will take thy wives before thine eyes, and give them unto thy neighbor, and he shall lie with thy wives in the sight of this sun.

12For thou didst it secretly: but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun.

13And David said unto Nathan, I have sinned against Jehovah. And Nathan said unto David, Jehovah also hath put away thy sin; thou shalt not die.

14Howbeit, because by this deed thou hast given great occasion to the enemies of Jehovah to blaspheme, the child also that is born unto thee shall surely die.

15And Nathan departed unto his house. And Jehovah struck the child that Uriah`s wife bare unto David, and it was very sick.

16David therefore besought God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night upon the earth.

17And the elders of his house arose, [and stood] beside him, to raise him up from the earth: but he would not, neither did he eat bread with them.

18And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died. And the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead; for they said, Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spake unto him, and he hearkened not unto our voice: how will he then vex himself, if we tell him that the child is dead!

19But when David saw that his servants were whispering together, David perceived that the child was dead; and David said unto his servants, Is the child dead? And they said, He is dead.

20Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed himself, and changed his apparel; and he came into the house of Jehovah, and worshipped: then he came to his own house; and when he required, they set bread before him, and he did eat.

21Then said his servants unto him, What thing is this that thou hast done? thou didst fast and weep for the child, while it was alive; but when the child was dead, thou didst rise and eat bread.

22And he said, While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept: for I said, Who knoweth whether Jehovah will not be gracious to me, that the child may live?

23But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he will not return to me.

24And David comforted Bath-sheba his wife, and went in unto her, and lay with her: and she bare a son, and he called his name Solomon. And Jehovah loved him;

25and he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet; and he called his name Jedidiah, for Jehovah`s sake.

26Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.

27And Joab sent messengers to David, and said, I have fought against Rabbah; yea, I have taken the city of waters.

28Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city, and take it; lest I take the city, and it be called after my name.

29And David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and fought against it, and took it.

30And he took the crown of their king from off his head; and the weight thereof was a talent of gold, and [in it were] precious stones; and it was set on David`s head. And he brought forth the spoil of the city, exceeding much.

31And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln: and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem.

1So the Lord sent Nathan to David. When he came to David, Nathan said, “There were two men in a certain city, one rich and the other poor.

2The rich man had a great many flocks and herds.

3But the poor man had nothing except for a little lamb he had acquired. He raised it, and it grew up alongside him and his children. It used to eat his food, drink from his cup, and sleep in his arms. It was just like a daughter to him.

4“When a traveler arrived at the rich man’s home, he did not want to use one of his own sheep or cattle to feed the traveler who had come to visit him. Instead, he took the poor man’s lamb and cooked it for the man who had come to visit him.”

5Then David became very angry at this man. He said to Nathan, “As surely as the Lord lives, the man who did this deserves to die!

6Because he committed this cold-hearted crime, he must pay for the lamb four times over!”

7Nathan said to David, “You are that man! This is what the Lord God of Israel has said: ‘I chose you to be king over Israel and I rescued you from the hand of Saul.

8I gave you your master’s house, and put your master’s wives into your arms. I also gave you the house of Israel and Judah. And if all that somehow seems insignificant, I would have given you so much more as well!

9Why have you shown contempt for the Lord’s decrees by doing evil in my sight? You have struck down Uriah the Hittite with the sword and you have taken his wife to be your own wife! You have killed him with the sword of the Ammonites.

10So now the sword will never depart from your house. For you have despised me by taking the wife of Uriah the Hittite as your own!’

11This is what the Lord has said: ‘I am about to bring disaster on you from inside your own household! Right before your eyes I will take your wives and hand them over to your companion. He will go to bed with your wives in broad daylight!

12Although you have acted in secret, I will do this thing before all Israel, and in broad daylight.’”

13Then David exclaimed to Nathan, “I have sinned against the Lord!” Nathan replied to David, “Yes, and the Lord has forgiven your sin. You are not going to die.

14Nonetheless, because you have treated the Lord with such contempt in this matter, the son who has been born to you will certainly die.”

15Then Nathan went to his home. The Lord struck the child that Uriah’s wife had borne to David, and the child became very ill.

16Then David prayed to God for the child and fasted. He would even go and spend the night lying on the ground.

17The elders of his house stood over him and tried to lift him from the ground, but he was unwilling, and refused to eat food with them.

18On the seventh day the child died. But the servants of David were afraid to inform him that the child had died, for they said, “While the child was still alive he would not listen to us when we spoke to him. How can we tell him that the child is dead? He will do himself harm!”

19When David saw that his servants were whispering to one another, he realized that the child was dead. So David asked his servants, “Is the child dead?” They replied, “Yes, he’s dead.”

20So David got up from the ground, bathed, put on oil, and changed his clothes. He went to the house of the Lord and worshiped. Then, when he entered his palace, he requested that food be brought to him, and he ate.

21His servants said to him, “What is this that you have done? While the child was still alive, you fasted and wept. Once the child was dead you got up and ate food!”

22He replied, “While the child was still alive, I fasted and wept because I thought, ‘Perhaps the Lord will show pity and the child will live.’

23But now he is dead. Why should I fast? Am I able to bring him back at this point? I will go to him, but he cannot return to me!”

24So David comforted his wife Bathsheba. He came to her and went to bed with her. Later she gave birth to a son, and David named him Solomon. Now the Lord loved the child

25and sent word through Nathan the prophet that he should be named Jedidiah for the Lord’s sake.

26So Joab fought against Rabbah of the Ammonites and captured the royal city.

27Joab then sent messengers to David, saying, “I have fought against Rabbah and have captured the water supply of the city.

28So now assemble the rest of the army and besiege the city and capture it. Otherwise I will capture the city and it will be named for me.”

29So David assembled all the army and went to Rabbah and fought against it and captured it.

30He took the crown of their king from his head—it was gold, weighed about 75 pounds, and held a precious stone—and it was placed on David’s head. He also took from the city a great deal of plunder.

31He removed the people who were in it and made them labor with saws, iron picks, and iron axes, putting them to work at the brick kiln. This was his policy with all the Ammonite cities. Then David and all the army returned to Jerusalem.

1Yahweh sent Nathan to David. He came to him, and said to him, “There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.

2The rich man had very many flocks and herds,

3but the poor man had nothing, except one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and raised. It grew up together with him, and with his children. It ate of his own food, drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was like a daughter to him.

4A traveler came to the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to prepare for the wayfaring man who had come to him, but took the poor man’s lamb, and prepared it for the man who had come to him.”

5David’s anger burned hot against the man, and he said to Nathan, “As Yahweh lives, the man who has done this deserves to die!

6He must restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity!”

7Nathan said to David, “You are the man. This is what Yahweh, the God of Israel, says: ‘I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you out of the hand of Saul.

8I gave you your master’s house, and your master’s wives into your bosom, and gave you the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that would have been too little, I would have added to you many more such things.

9Why have you despised Yahweh’s word, to do that which is evil in his sight? You have struck Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and have taken his wife to be your wife, and have slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.

10Now therefore the sword will never depart from your house, because you have despised me, and have taken Uriah the Hittite’s wife to be your wife.’

11“This is what Yahweh says: ‘Behold, I will raise up evil against you out of your own house; and I will take your wives before your eyes, and give them to your neighbor, and he will lie with your wives in the sight of this sun.

12For you did this secretly, but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun.’”

13David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against Yahweh.” Nathan said to David, “Yahweh also has put away your sin. You will not die.

14However, because by this deed you have given great occasion to Yahweh’s enemies to blaspheme, the child also who is born to you will surely die.”

15Nathan departed to his house. Yahweh struck the child that Uriah’s wife bore to David, and it was very sick.

16David therefore begged God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night on the ground.

17The elders of his house arose beside him, to raise him up from the earth: but he would not, and he didn’t eat bread with them.

18On the seventh day, the child died. David’s servants were afraid to tell him that the child was dead, for they said, “Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spoke to him, and he didn’t listen to our voice. How will he then harm himself, if we tell him that the child is dead?”

19But when David saw that his servants were whispering together, David perceived that the child was dead; and David said to his servants, “Is the child dead?” They said, “He is dead.”

20Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed himself, and changed his clothing; and he came into Yahweh’s house, and worshiped. Then he came to his own house; and when he requested, they set bread before him, and he ate.

21Then his servants said to him, “What is this that you have done? You fasted and wept for the child while he was alive, but when the child was dead, you rose up and ate bread.”

22He said, “While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept; for I said, ‘Who knows whether Yahweh will not be gracious to me, that the child may live?’

23But now he is dead, why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I will go to him, but he will not return to me.”

24David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in to her, and lay with her. She bore a son, and he called his name Solomon. Yahweh loved him;

25and he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet, and he named him Jedidiah, for Yahweh’s sake.

26Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.

27Joab sent messengers to David, and said, “I have fought against Rabbah. Yes, I have taken the city of waters.

28Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city, and take it; lest I take the city, and it be called by my name.”

29David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and fought against it, and took it.

30He took the crown of their king from off his head; and its weight was a talent of gold, and in it were precious stones; and it was set on David’s head. He brought a great quantity of plunder out of the city.

31He brought out the people who were in it, and put them under saws, under iron picks, under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brick kiln; and he did so to all the cities of the children of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Nathan confronts David with the parable of the poor man's lamb; David confesses "I have sinned against the LORD." God forgives but pronounces consequences: the sword will never depart from David's house, and the child will die.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Nathan and Gad (1 Chronicles 29:29). Originally one book with 1 Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. The book covers David's entire reign — from his lament over Saul's death to the purchase of the threshing floor for the future Temple (approximately 1010-970 BC). Key themes: the Davidic covenant (chapter 7), the consequences of sin even for the forgiven (chapters 11-20), God's faithfulness despite human failure, and the establishment of the eternal throne fulfilled in Christ.
Historical Context: Chapter 12 is the confrontation — Nathan the prophet exposes David's sin with one of the most brilliant rhetorical strategies in Scripture. Using a parable about a rich man who steals a poor man's only lamb, Nathan draws David into pronouncing judgment on himself. Then the devastating words: "Thou art the man." David's response is immediate and unqualified: "I have sinned against the LORD." No excuses, no deflection, no blame-shifting. Nathan declares God's forgiveness — "The LORD also hath put away thy sin; thou shalt not die" — but also God's discipline: the sword will never depart from David's house, evil will arise from within his own family, and the child of adultery will die. The rest of the chapter shows David's response to the child's illness (fasting and prayer), his acceptance of the child's death (worship and submission), the birth of Solomon ("the LORD loved him"), and the capture of Rabbah. This chapter demonstrates the biblical principle that forgiveness removes guilt but does not remove consequences. David is forgiven — but the sword will haunt his house for the rest of his life. Grace is free, but sin is never without cost.
Nathan's Parable (vv.1-6): "The LORD sent Nathan" — God initiates the confrontation. He does not leave David in hidden sin. Nathan tells a parable: a rich man with many flocks takes the only lamb of a poor man — a lamb that was like a daughter to him — to feed a guest. The parable is perfectly crafted: the rich man is David (who had many wives); the poor man is Uriah (who had only Bathsheba); the lamb is Bathsheba (taken and "consumed"). David's anger burns: "the man that hath done this thing shall surely die... he shall restore the lamb fourfold." David pronounces his own sentence — and the fourfold restoration will be fulfilled in the deaths of four of David's sons: the infant (ch.12), Amnon (ch.13), Absalom (ch.18), and Adonijah (1 Kings 2:25).
"Thou Art the Man" (vv.7-12): Nathan's three words shatter David's self-deception. God's indictment follows: "I anointed thee... I delivered thee... I gave thee..." — God recounts His generosity. Then: "Why hast thou despised the commandment of the LORD?" David's sin is not merely against Uriah or Bathsheba — it is contempt for God's word and God's gifts. The consequences are specific: (1) "The sword shall never depart from thine house" — violence will plague David's family (fulfilled in Amnon, Absalom, Adonijah); (2) "I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house" — David's own sons will rebel (fulfilled in Absalom's revolt, chs.15-18); (3) "I will take thy wives before thine eyes, and give them unto thy neighbour" — public sexual humiliation (fulfilled when Absalom takes David's concubines, 16:22); (4) "Thou didst it secretly: but I will do this thing before all Israel" — David's hidden sin will produce public consequences.
David's Confession and Forgiveness (v.13): David's confession is five words: "I have sinned against the LORD." No excuses, no qualifications, no blame-shifting. Psalm 51 expands this confession into one of the greatest penitential prayers ever written. Nathan's response is equally brief: "The LORD also hath put away thy sin; thou shalt not die." Under the Mosaic law, both adultery and murder carried the death penalty (Leviticus 20:10, Numbers 35:16-21). God commutes David's sentence — grace in the midst of judgment. But forgiveness does not eliminate consequences.
The Child's Death (vv.14-23): God strikes the child with illness. David fasts, prays, and lies on the ground for seven days — pleading for mercy. His servants cannot persuade him to eat. When the child dies, David's response shocks everyone: he rises, washes, worships God, and eats. His explanation is profound: "While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept: for I said, Who can tell whether GOD will be gracious to me?" — he hoped God might relent. "But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me." David accepts God's sovereign decision with faith — and his words "I shall go to him" express confidence in reunion after death.
Solomon's Birth (vv.24-25): David comforts Bathsheba, and she bears another son — Solomon. The narrator adds: "and the LORD loved him." God sends word through Nathan, giving the child a second name: Jedidiah — "beloved of the LORD." From the ashes of David's greatest sin, God brings forth the son who will build the temple, write Proverbs, and sit on David's throne. Grace does not merely forgive — it redeems and transforms.
The Capture of Rabbah (vv.26-31): Joab captures Rabbah's water supply and invites David to come take the city personally — so the victory will be credited to the king. David comes, takes the Ammonite crown (weighing a talent of gold — about 75 pounds), and puts the people to forced labor. The Ammonite war that began in chapter 10 — and during which David sinned in chapter 11 — is finally concluded.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem: Where Nathan confronts David — the sin and its judgment occur in the royal capital
  • Rabbah (Ammon): Where Joab completes the siege; David goes out to claim the final victory after repenting
  • The child dies in Jerusalem; Solomon is later born in Jerusalem — judgment and grace in the same city

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the brilliance of Nathan's parable — it bypassed David's defenses and made him pronounce judgment on himself. He notes that David's confession stands in stark contrast to Saul's excuses (1 Samuel 15) — David takes full responsibility without qualification. Guzik also highlights the grace of Solomon's birth: God brings His greatest blessings from our deepest failures.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "'I have sinned against the LORD.' Five words, but they contain more true repentance than many a lengthy confession. David did not say, 'I have sinned, but...' He did not blame Bathsheba, or his circumstances, or his loneliness. He owned his sin fully and cast himself upon God's mercy. And mercy met him instantly: 'The LORD also has put away your sin.' Let every penitent take courage — the moment we truly confess, God truly forgives. But let no one presume — forgiveness did not spare David from the sword that would haunt his house forever."

Reflection

  • 1. God will not leave us in hidden sin (v.1). "The LORD sent Nathan." God's love is too great to let His children remain in unconfessed sin. He sends confrontation — through Scripture, through circumstances, through people — because He loves us too much to leave us in darkness. If God is confronting you about something, it is mercy, not cruelty.
  • 2. True confession takes full responsibility (v.13). "I have sinned against the LORD." No excuses, no blame-shifting, no minimizing. David did not say "I was tempted" or "she shouldn't have been bathing there" or "Uriah was gone too long." He owned his sin completely. Until we do the same, we have not truly repented.
  • 3. Forgiveness is immediate but consequences remain (vv.13-14). The moment David confessed, God forgave. But the child still died, and the sword still came. This is not contradiction — it is the nature of grace in a moral universe. God removes our guilt but does not always remove the natural consequences of our choices. Forgiveness is free; sin is still costly.
  • 4. Worship is the proper response to God's sovereign decisions (v.20). When the child died, David worshiped. Not because he was happy, but because God is still God — still worthy, still sovereign, still good — even when His decisions grieve us. Worship in suffering is the deepest expression of faith.
  • 5. God brings beauty from ashes (vv.24-25). Solomon — "the LORD loved him" — born from the union that began in adultery and murder. God does not merely forgive our past; He redeems it. The worst chapter of David's life produced the son who built God's temple. God's grace is not limited by our failures — it transforms them.