2 Samuel — Chapter 17

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1Moreover Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Let me now choose out twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David this night:

2And I will come upon him while he is weary and weak handed, and will make him afraid: and all the people that are with him shall flee; and I will smite the king only:

3And I will bring back all the people unto thee: the man whom thou seekest is as if all returned: so all the people shall be in peace.

4And the saying pleased Absalom well, and all the elders of Israel.

5Then said Absalom, Call now Hushai the Archite also, and let us hear likewise what he saith.

6And when Hushai was come to Absalom, Absalom spake unto him, saying, Ahithophel hath spoken after this manner: shall we do after his saying? if not; speak thou.

7And Hushai said unto Absalom, The counsel that Ahithophel hath given is not good at this time.

8For, said Hushai, thou knowest thy father and his men, that they be mighty men, and they be chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field: and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

9Behold, he is hid now in some pit, or in some other place: and it will come to pass, when some of them be overthrown at the first, that whosoever heareth it will say, There is a slaughter among the people that follow Absalom.

10And he also that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, shall utterly melt: for all Israel knoweth that thy father is a mighty man, and they which be with him are valiant men.

11Therefore I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee, from Dan even to Beer-sheba, as the sand that is by the sea for multitude; and that thou go to battle in thine own person.

12So shall we come upon him in some place where he shall be found, and we will light upon him as the dew falleth on the ground: and of him and of all the men that are with him there shall not be left so much as one.

13Moreover, if he be gotten into a city, then shall all Israel bring ropes to that city, and we will draw it into the river, until there be not one small stone found there.

14And Absalom and all the men of Israel said, The counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel. For the LORD had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the intent that the LORD might bring evil upon Absalom.

15Then said Hushai unto Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, Thus and thus did Ahithophel counsel Absalom and the elders of Israel; and thus and thus have I counselled.

16Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying, Lodge not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but speedily pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him.

17Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz stayed by En-rogel; for they might not be seen to come into the city: and a wench went and told them; and they went and told king David.

18Nevertheless a lad saw them, and told Absalom: but they went both of them away quickly, and came to a man’s house in Bahurim, which had a well in his court; whither they went down.

19And the woman took and spread a covering over the well’s mouth, and spread ground corn thereon; and the thing was not known.

20And when Absalom’s servants came to the woman to the house, they said, Where is Ahimaaz and Jonathan? And the woman said unto them, They be gone over the brook of water. And when they had sought and could not find them, they returned to Jerusalem.

21And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out of the well, and went and told king David, and said unto David, Arise, and pass quickly over the water: for thus hath Ahithophel counselled against you.

22Then David arose, and all the people that were with him, and they passed over Jordan: by the morning light there lacked not one of them that was not gone over Jordan.

23And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his ass, and arose, and gat him home to his house, to his city, and put his household in order, and hanged himself, and died, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father.

24Then David came to Mahanaim. And Absalom passed over Jordan, he and all the men of Israel with him.

25And Absalom made Amasa captain of the host instead of Joab: which Amasa was a man’s son, whose name was Ithra an Israelite, that went in to Abigail the daughter of Nahash, sister to Zeruiah Joab’s mother.

26So Israel and Absalom pitched in the land of Gilead.

27And it came to pass, when David was come to Mahanaim, that Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammiel of Lo-debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim,

28Brought beds, and basons, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and flour, and parched corn, and beans, and lentiles, and parched pulse,

29And honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of kine, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat: for they said, The people is hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness.

1Moreover Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Let me now choose out twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David this night:

2and I will come upon him while he is weary and weak-handed, and will make him afraid; and all the people that are with him shall flee; and I will smite the king only;

3and I will bring back all the people unto thee: the man whom thou seekest is as if all returned: [so] all the people shall be in peace.

4And the saying pleased Absalom well, and all the elders of Israel.

5Then said Absalom, Call now Hushai the Archite also, and let us hear likewise what he saith.

6And when Hushai was come to Absalom, Absalom spake unto him, saying, Ahithophel hath spoken after this manner: shall we do [after] his saying? if not, speak thou.

7And Hushai said unto Absalom, The counsel that Ahithophel hath given this time is not good.

8Hushai said moreover, Thou knowest thy father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field; and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

9Behold, he is hid now in some pit, or in some [other] place: and it will come to pass, when some of them are fallen at the first, that whosoever heareth it will say, There is a slaughter among the people that follow Absalom.

10And even he that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, will utterly melt; for all Israel knoweth that thy father is a mighty man, and they that are with him are valiant men.

11But I counsel that all Israel be gathered together unto thee, from Dan even to Beer-sheba, as the sand that is by the sea for multitude; and that thou go to battle in thine own person.

12So shall we come upon him in some place where he shall be found, and we will light upon him as the dew falleth on the ground; and of him and of all the men that are with him we will not leave so much as one.

13Moreover, if he be gotten into a city, then shall all Israel bring ropes to that city, and we will draw it into the river, until there be not one small stone found there.

14And Absalom and all the men of Israel said, The counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel. For Jehovah had ordained to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the intent that Jehovah might bring evil upon Absalom.

15Then said Hushai unto Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, Thus and thus did Ahithophel counsel Absalom and the elders of Israel; and thus and thus have I counselled.

16Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying, Lodge not this night at the fords of the wilderness, but by all means pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that are with him.

17Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz were staying by En-rogel; and a maid-servant used to go and tell them; and they went and told king David: for they might not be seen to come into the city.

18But a lad saw them, and told Absalom: and they went both of them away quickly, and came to the house of a man in Bahurim, who had a well in his court; and they went down thither.

19And the woman took and spread the covering over the well`s mouth, and strewed bruised grain thereon; and nothing was known.

20And Absalom`s servants came to the woman to the house; and they said, Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan? And the woman said unto them, They are gone over the brook of water. And when they had sought and could not find them, they returned to Jerusalem.

21And it came to pass, after they were departed, that they came up out of the well, and went and told king David; and they said unto David, Arise ye, and pass quickly over the water; for thus hath Ahithophel counselled against you.

22Then David arose, and all the people that were with him, and they passed over the Jordan: by the morning light there lacked not one of them that was not gone over the Jordan.

23And when Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his ass, and arose, and gat him home, unto his city, and set his house in order, and hanged himself; and he died, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father.

24Then David came to Mahanaim. And Absalom passed over the Jordan, he and all the men of Israel with him.

25And Absalom set Amasa over the host instead of Joab. Now Amasa was the son of a man, whose name was Ithra the Israelite, that went in to Abigal the daughter of Nahash, sister to Zeruiah, Joab`s mother.

26And Israel and Absalom encamped in the land of Gilead.

27And it came to pass, when David was come to Mahanaim, that Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammiel of Lodebar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim,

28brought beds, and basins, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and meal, and parched [grain], and beans, and lentils, and parched [pulse],

29and honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of the herd, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat: for they said, The people are hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness.

1Ahithophel said to Absalom, “Let me pick out 12,000 men. Then I will go and pursue David this very night.

2When I catch up with him he will be exhausted and worn out. I will rout him, and the entire army that is with him will flee. I will kill only the king

3and will bring the entire army back to you. In exchange for the life of the man you are seeking, you will get back everyone. The entire army will return unharmed.”

4This seemed like a good idea to Absalom and to all the leaders of Israel.

5But Absalom said, “Call for Hushai the Arkite, and let’s hear what he has to say.”

6So Hushai came to Absalom. Absalom said to him, “Here is what Ahithophel has advised. Should we follow his advice? If not, what would you recommend?”

7Hushai replied to Absalom, “Ahithophel’s advice is not sound this time.”

8Hushai went on to say, “You know your father and his men—they are soldiers and are as dangerous as a bear out in the wild that has been robbed of her cubs. Your father is an experienced soldier; he will not stay overnight with the army.

9At this very moment he is hiding out in one of the caves or in some other similar place. If it should turn out that he attacks our troops first, whoever hears about it will say, ‘Absalom’s army has been slaughtered!’

10If that happens even the bravest soldier—one who is lion-hearted—will virtually melt away. For all Israel knows that your father is a warrior and that those who are with him are brave.

11My advice therefore is this: Let all Israel from Dan to Beer Sheba—in number like the sand by the sea—be mustered to you, and you lead them personally into battle.

12We will come against him wherever he happens to be found. We will descend on him like the dew falls on the ground. Neither he nor any of the men who are with him will be spared alive—not one of them!

13If he regroups in a city, all Israel will take up ropes to that city and drag it down to the valley, so that not a single pebble will be left there!”

14Then Absalom and all the men of Israel said, “The advice of Hushai the Arkite sounds better than the advice of Ahithophel.” Now the Lord had decided to frustrate the sound advice of Ahithophel, so that the Lord could bring disaster on Absalom.

15Then Hushai reported to Zadok and Abiathar the priests, “Here is what Ahithophel has advised Absalom and the leaders of Israel to do, and here is what I have advised.

16Now send word quickly to David and warn him, “Don’t spend the night at the fords of the wilderness tonight. Instead, be sure you cross over, or else the king and everyone who is with him may be overwhelmed.”

17Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz were staying in En Rogel. A female servant would go and inform them, and they would then go and inform King David. It was not advisable for them to be seen going into the city.

18But a young man saw them on one occasion and informed Absalom. So the two of them quickly departed and went to the house of a man in Bahurim. There was a well in his courtyard, and they got down in it.

19His wife then took the covering and spread it over the top of the well and scattered some grain over it. No one was aware of what she had done.

20When the servants of Absalom approached the woman at her home, they asked, “Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?” The woman replied to them, “They crossed over the stream.” Absalom’s men searched but did not find them, so they returned to Jerusalem.

21After the men had left, Ahimaaz and Jonathan climbed out of the well. Then they left and informed King David. They advised David, “Get up and cross the stream quickly, for Ahithophel has devised a plan to catch you.”

22So David and all the people who were with him got up and crossed the Jordan River. By dawn there was not one person left who had not crossed the Jordan.

23When Ahithophel realized that his advice had not been followed, he saddled his donkey and returned to his house in his hometown. After setting his household in order, he hanged himself. So he died and was buried in the grave of his father.

24Meanwhile David had gone to Mahanaim, while Absalom and all the men of Israel had crossed the Jordan River.

25Absalom had made Amasa general in command of the army in place of Joab. (Now Amasa was the son of an Israelite man named Jether, who had married Abigail the daughter of Nahash and sister of Zeruiah, Joab’s mother.)

26The army of Israel and Absalom camped in the land of Gilead.

27When David came to Mahanaim, Shobi the son of Nahash from Rabbah of the Ammonites, Makir the son of Ammiel from Lo Debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite from Rogelim

28brought bedding, basins, and pottery utensils. They also brought food for David and all who were with him, including wheat, barley, flour, roasted grain, beans, lentils,

29honey, curds, flocks, and cheese. For they said, “The people are no doubt hungry, tired, and thirsty there in the desert.”

1Moreover Ahithophel said to Absalom, “Let me now choose twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David tonight.

2I will come on him while he is weary and exhausted, and will make him afraid. All the people who are with him will flee. I will strike the king only,

3and I will bring back all the people to you. The man whom you seek is as if all returned. All the people shall be in peace.”

4The saying pleased Absalom well, and all the elders of Israel.

5Then Absalom said, “Now call Hushai the Archite also, and let us hear likewise what he says.”

6When Hushai had come to Absalom, Absalom spoke to him, saying, “Ahithophel has spoken like this. Shall we do what he says? If not, speak up.”

7Hushai said to Absalom, “The counsel that Ahithophel has given this time is not good.”

8Hushai said moreover, “You know your father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are fierce in their minds, like a bear robbed of her cubs in the field. Your father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

9Behold, he is now hidden in some pit, or in some other place. It will happen, when some of them have fallen at the first, that whoever hears it will say, ‘There is a slaughter among the people who follow Absalom!’

10Even he who is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, will utterly melt; for all Israel knows that your father is a mighty man, and those who are with him are valiant men.

11But I counsel that all Israel be gathered together to you, from Dan even to Beersheba, as the sand that is by the sea for multitude; and that you go to battle in your own person.

12So shall we come on him in some place where he shall be found, and we will light on him as the dew falls on the ground; and of him and of all the men who are with him we will not leave so much as one.

13Moreover, if he has gone into a city, then shall all Israel bring ropes to that city, and we will draw it into the river, until there isn’t one small stone found there.”

14Absalom and all the men of Israel said, “The counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel.” For Yahweh had ordained to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the intent that Yahweh might bring evil on Absalom.

15Then Hushai said to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, “Ahithophel counseled Absalom and the elders of Israel that way; and I have counseled this way.

16Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying, ‘Don’t lodge tonight at the fords of the wilderness, but by all means pass over; lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people who are with him.’”

17Now Jonathan and Ahimaaz were staying by En Rogel; and a female servant used to go and tell them; and they went and told king David. For they might not be seen to come into the city.

18But a boy saw them, and told Absalom. Then they both went away quickly, and came to the house of a man in Bahurim, who had a well in his court; and they went down there.

19The woman took and spread the covering over the well’s mouth, and spread out bruised grain on it; and nothing was known.

20Absalom’s servants came to the woman to the house; and they said, “Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?” The woman said to them, “They have gone over the brook of water.” When they had sought and could not find them, they returned to Jerusalem.

21After they had departed, they came up out of the well, and went and told king David; and they said to David, “Arise and pass quickly over the water; for thus has Ahithophel counseled against you.”

22Then David arose, and all the people who were with him, and they passed over the Jordan. By the morning light there lacked not one of them who had not gone over the Jordan.

23When Ahithophel saw that his counsel was not followed, he saddled his donkey, arose, and went home, to his city, and set his house in order, and hanged himself; and he died, and was buried in the tomb of his father.

24Then David came to Mahanaim. Absalom passed over the Jordan, he and all the men of Israel with him.

25Absalom set Amasa over the army instead of Joab. Now Amasa was the son of a man whose name was Ithra the Israelite, who went in to Abigail the daughter of Nahash, sister to Zeruiah, Joab’s mother.

26Israel and Absalom encamped in the land of Gilead.

27When David had come to Mahanaim, Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammiel of Lodebar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim,

28brought beds, basins, earthen vessels, wheat, barley, meal, parched grain, beans, lentils, roasted grain,

29honey, butter, sheep, and cheese of the herd, for David, and for the people who were with him, to eat; for they said, “The people are hungry, and weary, and thirsty in the wilderness.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Ahithophel advises immediate pursuit of David, but Hushai's counsel to delay prevails—God defeats Ahithophel's wisdom. Ahithophel hangs himself, and David crosses the Jordan to safety at Mahanaim.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Nathan and Gad (1 Chronicles 29:29). Originally one book with 1 Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. The book covers David's entire reign — from his lament over Saul's death to the purchase of the threshing floor for the future Temple (approximately 1010-970 BC). Key themes: the Davidic covenant (chapter 7), the consequences of sin even for the forgiven (chapters 11-20), God's faithfulness despite human failure, and the establishment of the eternal throne fulfilled in Christ.
Historical Context: Chapter 17 is the turning point in Absalom's rebellion — the moment where God's sovereign hand becomes most visible. Two counselors offer competing strategies: Ahithophel (whose counsel was "as if a man had enquired at the oracle of God," 16:23) advises immediate pursuit with a small strike force, while Hushai the Archite — David's planted spy — counsels delay with a massive mobilization. Absalom's choice of Hushai's counsel over Ahithophel's is not merely a political miscalculation; the narrator explicitly states that "the LORD had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the intent that the LORD might bring evil upon Absalom" (v.14). This is the answer to David's prayer in 15:31: "O LORD, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness." God works through human agents — Hushai's eloquence, the woman at Bahurim's courage, the messengers' speed — but the outcome is divine. Ahithophel, recognizing that Absalom's cause is now doomed, goes home and hangs himself — the only suicide by hanging in the Old Testament besides Judas (Matthew 27:5), and both men betrayed God's anointed king. The chapter ends with David safely across the Jordan, provisioned by loyal friends — a picture of God's providential care even in the darkest hour.
Ahithophel's Counsel (vv.1-4): Ahithophel proposes a swift, surgical strike — 12,000 men pursuing David that very night while he is "weary and weak handed" (KJV) / "weary and discouraged" (ESV). The plan is brilliant militarily: strike before David can organize, target only the king, and bring the people back peacefully. The ESV adds a vivid simile absent in KJV: "as a bride comes home to her husband" (v.3). This counsel "pleased Absalom well, and all the elders of Israel" (v.4).
Hushai's Counter-Counsel (vv.5-14): Absalom — perhaps by divine prompting — decides to hear Hushai as well. Hushai's strategy is masterful rhetoric: he appeals to Absalom's fear (David's men are "chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps," v.8), his pride (go to battle "in thine own person," v.11), and his imagination (overwhelming force "as the sand that is by the sea," v.11). Hushai's counsel is militarily inferior — delay gives David time to organize — but it flatters Absalom's ego. The narrator's theological commentary is decisive: "For the LORD had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel" (v.14).
The Warning Relay (vv.15-22): Hushai sends word through Zadok and Abiathar to their sons Jonathan and Ahimaaz, who wait at En-rogel (a spring south of Jerusalem). A servant girl carries the message. When a young man spots the messengers and reports to Absalom, they hide in a well at Bahurim — covered by a woman who scatters grain over the well's mouth (v.19). After Absalom's servants leave, the messengers emerge and warn David, who crosses the Jordan by daybreak with all his people.
Ahithophel's Suicide (v.23): Ahithophel "put his household in order, and hanged himself." He is clear-eyed: with his counsel rejected, Absalom will lose, and Ahithophel — as a traitor to David — will face execution. His suicide is calculated, not impulsive. He is the Old Testament's Judas figure.
David at Mahanaim (vv.24-29): David reaches Mahanaim (the same city where Ish-bosheth once reigned, 2:8). Three loyal supporters — Shobi, Machir, and Barzillai — bring abundant provisions: beds, basins, wheat, barley, honey, butter, sheep, and cheese. Their reasoning is compassionate: "The people is hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness" (v.29). God provides for His servant through human generosity.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem: Where Hushai and Ahithophel give competing counsel to Absalom
  • The Jordan fords: Where David must cross before Absalom's army pursues — Hushai's delay saves David's life
  • En-rogel: The spring south of Jerusalem where Jonathan and Ahimaaz hide to relay intelligence to David

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that Ahithophel's counsel was genuinely superior from a military standpoint — speed and surprise would have likely succeeded. But God overruled the better plan to fulfill His purposes. Guzik also notes the providence in every detail: the woman at Bahurim, the messengers' escape, David's safe crossing — all links in a chain of divine preservation.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "Ahithophel was the wisest of counselors, but his wisdom was turned to foolishness because the Lord had so appointed. Let the enemies of God's people plot as they will; there is One in heaven who sits above all their consultations and makes their deepest schemes to work for the good of those they seek to destroy. The Lord needs no great instruments — a woman with a cloth over a well, a servant girl with a message, a brook to mislead pursuers — these are enough when God directs them."

Reflection

  • 1. God answers prayer through ordinary means (vv.14-22). David prayed for Ahithophel's counsel to be defeated (15:31), and God answered — not through a thunderbolt but through Hushai's persuasive speech, a servant girl's errand, a woman's quick thinking, and messengers' courage. When we pray, we should not despise the ordinary instruments God uses to answer.
  • 2. The wisest human counsel fails when it opposes God's purpose (v.14). Ahithophel was brilliant — his plan would likely have succeeded. But "there is no wisdom nor understanding nor counsel against the LORD" (Proverbs 21:30). No matter how intelligent or powerful the opposition, God's purposes stand. This is comfort when we face enemies who seem to hold every advantage.
  • 3. Betrayal of God's anointed leads to self-destruction (v.23). Ahithophel's end is a solemn warning: those who set themselves against God's chosen king find no future worth living. The parallel with Judas is intentional in Scripture's typology. Sin against God's anointed — ultimately against Christ — is a path that leads to death.
  • 4. God provides through His people (vv.27-29). David's needs in the wilderness were met not by angels but by Shobi, Machir, and Barzillai — ordinary people with generous hearts. We are often God's answer to someone else's prayer. When we see a brother who is "hungry, and weary, and thirsty," we have the privilege of being God's provision.
  • 5. Faithful service in obscurity matters (vv.17-21). The unnamed servant girl, the woman at Bahurim, Jonathan and Ahimaaz hiding in a well — these are not the heroes of the story, yet without them David would have perished. Not everyone is called to be Hushai or David. Some are called to carry messages, hide fugitives, or scatter grain over a well. Every role in God's plan is essential.