2 Samuel — Chapter 22

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1And David spake unto the LORD the words of this song in the day that the LORD had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul:

2And he said, The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer;

3The God of my rock; in him will I trust: he is my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge, my saviour; thou savest me from violence.

4I will call on the LORD, who is worthy to be praised: so shall I be saved from mine enemies.

5When the waves of death compassed me, the floods of ungodly men made me afraid;

6The sorrows of hell compassed me about; the snares of death prevented me;

7In my distress I called upon the LORD, and cried to my God: and he did hear my voice out of his temple, and my cry did enter into his ears.

8Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of heaven moved and shook, because he was wroth.

9There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it.

10He bowed the heavens also, and came down; and darkness was under his feet.

11And he rode upon a cherub, and did fly: and he was seen upon the wings of the wind.

12And he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, and thick clouds of the skies.

13Through the brightness before him were coals of fire kindled.

14The LORD thundered from heaven, and the most High uttered his voice.

15And he sent out arrows, and scattered them; lightning, and discomfited them.

16And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations of the world were discovered, at the rebuking of the LORD, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils.

17He sent from above, he took me; he drew me out of many waters;

18He delivered me from my strong enemy, and from them that hated me: for they were too strong for me.

19They prevented me in the day of my calamity: but the LORD was my stay.

20He brought me forth also into a large place: he delivered me, because he delighted in me.

21The LORD rewarded me according to my righteousness: according to the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me.

22For I have kept the ways of the LORD, and have not wickedly departed from my God.

23For all his judgments were before me: and as for his statutes, I did not depart from them.

24I was also upright before him, and have kept myself from mine iniquity.

25Therefore the LORD hath recompensed me according to my righteousness; according to my cleanness in his eye sight.

26With the merciful thou wilt shew thyself merciful, and with the upright man thou wilt shew thyself upright.

27With the pure thou wilt shew thyself pure; and with the froward thou wilt shew thyself unsavoury.

28And the afflicted people thou wilt save: but thine eyes are upon the haughty, that thou mayest bring them down.

29For thou art my lamp, O LORD: and the LORD will lighten my darkness.

30For by thee I have run through a troop: by my God have I leaped over a wall.

31As for God, his way is perfect; the word of the LORD is tried: he is a buckler to all them that trust in him.

32For who is God, save the LORD? and who is a rock, save our God?

33God is my strength and power: and he maketh my way perfect.

34He maketh my feet like hinds feet: and setteth me upon my high places.

35He teacheth my hands to war; so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms.

36Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation: and thy gentleness hath made me great.

37Thou hast enlarged my steps under me; so that my feet did not slip.

38I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; and turned not again until I had consumed them.

39And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yea, they are fallen under my feet.

40For thou hast girded me with strength to battle: them that rose up against me hast thou subdued under me.

41Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies, that I might destroy them that hate me.

42They looked, but there was none to save; even unto the LORD, but he answered them not.

43Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad.

44Thou also hast delivered me from the strivings of my people, thou hast kept me to be head of the heathen: a people which I knew not shall serve me.

45Strangers shall submit themselves unto me: as soon as they hear, they shall be obedient unto me.

46Strangers shall fade away, and they shall be afraid out of their close places.

47The LORD liveth; and blessed be my rock; and exalted be the God of the rock of my salvation.

48It is God that avengeth me, and that bringeth down the people under me,

49And that bringeth me forth from mine enemies: thou also hast lifted me up on high above them that rose up against me: thou hast delivered me from the violent man.

50Therefore I will give thanks unto thee, O LORD, among the heathen, and I will sing praises unto thy name.

51He is the tower of salvation for his king: and sheweth mercy to his anointed, unto David, and to his seed for evermore.

1And David spake unto Jehovah the words of this song in the day that Jehovah delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul:

2and he said, Jehovah is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer, even mine;

3God, my rock, in him will I take refuge; My shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge; My saviour, thou savest me from violence.

4I will call upon Jehovah, who is worthy to be praised: So shall I be saved from mine enemies.

5For the waves of death compassed me; The floods of ungodliness made me afraid:

6The cords of Sheol were round about me; The snares of death came upon me.

7In my distress I called upon Jehovah; Yea, I called unto my God: And he heard my voice out of his temple, And my cry [came] into his ears.

8Then the earth shook and trembled, The foundations of heaven quaked And were shaken, because he was wroth.

9There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, And fire out of his mouth devoured: Coals were kindled by it.

10He bowed the heavens also, and came down; And thick darkness was under his feet.

11And he rode upon a cherub, and did fly; Yea, he was seen upon the wings of the wind.

12And he made darkness pavilions round about him, Gathering of waters, thick clouds of the skies.

13At the brightness before him Coals of fire were kindled.

14Jehovah thundered from heaven, And the Most High uttered his voice.

15And he sent out arrows, and scattered them; Lightning, and discomfited them.

16Then the channels of the sea appeared, The foundations of the world were laid bare, By the rebuke of Jehovah, At the blast of the breath of his nostrils.

17He sent from on high, he took me; He drew me out of many waters;

18He delivered me from my strong enemy, From them that hated me; for they were too mighty for me.

19They came upon me in the day of my calamity; But Jehovah was my stay.

20He brought me forth also into a large place; He delivered me, because he delighted in me.

21Jehovah rewarded me according to my righteousness; According to the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me.

22For I have kept the ways of Jehovah, And have not wickedly departed from my God.

23For all his ordinances were before me; And as for his statutes, I did not depart from them.

24I was also perfect toward him; And I kept myself from mine iniquity.

25Therefore hath Jehovah recompensed me according to my righteousness, According to my cleanness in his eyesight.

26With the merciful thou wilt show thyself merciful; With the perfect man thou wilt show thyself perfect;

27With the pure thou wilt show thyself pure; And with the perverse thou wilt show thyself froward.

28And the afflicted people thou wilt save; But thine eyes are upon the haughty, that thou mayest bring them down.

29For thou art my lamp, O Jehovah; And Jehovah will lighten my darkness.

30For by thee I run upon a troop; By my God do I leap over a wall.

31As for God, his way is perfect: The word of Jehovah is tried; He is a shield unto all them that take refuge in him.

32For who is God, save Jehovah? And who is a rock, save our God?

33God is my strong fortress; And he guideth the perfect in his way.

34He maketh his feet like hinds` [feet], And setteth me upon my high places.

35He teacheth my hands to war, So that mine arms do bend a bow of brass.

36Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation; And thy gentleness hath made me great.

37Thou hast enlarged my steps under me; And my feet have not slipped.

38I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; Neither did I turn again till they were consumed.

39And I have consumed them, and smitten them through, so that they cannot arise: Yea, they are fallen under my feet.

40For thou hast girded me with strength unto the battle; Thou hast subdued under me those that rose up against me.

41Thou hast also made mine enemies turn their backs unto me, That I might cut off them that hate me.

42They looked, but there was none to save; Even unto Jehovah, but he answered them not.

43Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did crush them as the mire of the streets, and did spread them abroad.

44Thou also hast delivered me from the strivings of my people; Thou hast kept me to be the head of the nations: A people whom I have not known shall serve me.

45The foreigners shall submit themselves unto me: As soon as they hear of me, they shall obey me.

46The foreigners shall fade away, And shall come trembling out of their close places.

47Jehovah liveth; And blessed be my rock; And exalted be God, the rock of my salvation,

48Even the God that executeth vengeance for me, And that bringeth down peoples under me,

49And that bringeth me forth from mine enemies: Yea, thou liftest me up above them that rise up against me; Thou deliverest me from the violent man.

50Therefore I will give thanks unto thee, O Jehovah, among the nations, And will sing praises unto thy name.

51Great deliverance giveth he to his king, And showeth lovingkindness to his anointed, To David and to his seed, for evermore.

1David sang to the Lord the words of this song when the Lord rescued him from the power of all his enemies, including Saul.

2He said: “The Lord is my high ridge, my stronghold, my deliverer.

3My God is my rocky summit where I take shelter, my shield, the horn that saves me, my stronghold, my refuge, my savior. You save me from violence!

4I called to the Lord, who is worthy of praise, and I was delivered from my enemies.

5The waves of death engulfed me; the currents of chaos overwhelmed me.

6The ropes of Sheol tightened around me; the snares of death trapped me.

7In my distress I called to the Lord; I called to my God. From his heavenly temple he heard my voice; he listened to my cry for help.

8The earth heaved and shook; the foundations of the sky trembled. They heaved because he was angry.

9Smoke ascended from his nose; fire devoured as it came from his mouth; he hurled down fiery coals.

10He made the sky sink as he descended; a thick cloud was under his feet.

11He mounted a winged angel and flew; he glided on the wings of the wind.

12He shrouded himself in darkness, in thick rain clouds.

13From the brightness in front of him came coals of fire.

14The Lord thundered from the sky; the Most High shouted loudly.

15He shot arrows and scattered them, lightning and routed them.

16The depths of the sea were exposed; the inner regions of the world were uncovered by the Lord’s battle cry, by the powerful breath from his nose.

17He reached down from above and grabbed me; he pulled me from the surging water.

18He rescued me from my strong enemy, from those who hate me, for they were too strong for me.

19They confronted me in my day of calamity, but the Lord helped me.

20He brought me out into a wide open place; he delivered me because he was pleased with me.

21The Lord repaid me for my godly deeds; he rewarded my blameless behavior.

22For I have obeyed the Lord’s commands; I have not rebelled against my God.

23For I am aware of all his regulations, and I do not reject his rules.

24I was blameless before him; I kept myself from sinning.

25The Lord rewarded me for my godly deeds; he took notice of my blameless behavior.

26You prove to be loyal to one who is faithful; you prove to be trustworthy to one who is innocent.

27You prove to be reliable to one who is blameless, but you prove to be deceptive to one who is perverse.

28You deliver oppressed people, but you watch the proud and bring them down.

29Indeed, you are my lamp, Lord. The Lord illumines the darkness around me.

30Indeed, with your help I can charge against an army; by my God’s power I can jump over a wall.

31The one true God acts in a faithful manner; the Lord’s promise is reliable; he is a shield to all who take shelter in him.

32Indeed, who is God besides the Lord? Who is a protector besides our God?

33The one true God is my mighty refuge; he removes the obstacles in my way.

34He gives me the agility of a deer; he enables me to negotiate the rugged terrain.

35He trains my hands for battle; my arms can bend even the strongest bow.

36You give me your protective shield; your willingness to help enables me to prevail.

37You widen my path; my feet do not slip.

38I chase my enemies and destroy them; I do not turn back until I wipe them out.

39I wipe them out and beat them to death; they cannot get up; they fall at my feet.

40You give me strength for battle; you make my foes kneel before me.

41You make my enemies retreat; I destroy those who hate me.

42They cry out, but there is no one to help them; they cry out to the Lord, but he does not answer them.

43I grind them as fine as the dust of the ground; I crush them and stomp them like clay in the streets.

44You rescue me from a hostile army; you preserve me as a leader of nations; people over whom I had no authority are now my subjects.

45Foreigners are powerless before me; when they hear of my exploits, they submit to me.

46Foreigners lose their courage; they shake with fear as they leave their strongholds.

47The Lord is alive! My Protector is praiseworthy! The God who delivers me is exalted as king!

48The one true God completely vindicates me; he makes nations submit to me.

49He delivers me from my enemies; you snatch me away from those who attack me; you rescue me from violent men.

50So I will give you thanks, O Lord, before the nations! I will sing praises to you.

51He gives his king magnificent victories; he is faithful to his chosen ruler, to David and to his descendants forever!”

1David spoke to Yahweh the words of this song in the day that Yahweh delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul,

2and he said: “Yahweh is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer, even mine;

3God is my rock in whom I take refuge; my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge. My savior, you save me from violence.

4I call on Yahweh, who is worthy to be praised; So shall I be saved from my enemies.

5For the waves of death surrounded me. The floods of ungodliness made me afraid.

6The cords of Sheol were around me. The snares of death caught me.

7In my distress, I called on Yahweh. Yes, I called to my God. He heard my voice out of his temple. My cry came into his ears.

8Then the earth shook and trembled. The foundations of heaven quaked and were shaken, because he was angry.

9Smoke went up out of his nostrils. Consuming fire came out of his mouth. Coals were kindled by it.

10He bowed the heavens also, and came down. Thick darkness was under his feet.

11He rode on a cherub, and flew. Yes, he was seen on the wings of the wind.

12He made darkness a shelter around himself: gathering of waters, and thick clouds of the skies.

13At the brightness before him, coals of fire were kindled.

14Yahweh thundered from heaven. The Most High uttered his voice.

15He sent out arrows, and scattered them; lightning, and confused them.

16Then the channels of the sea appeared. The foundations of the world were laid bare by Yahweh’s rebuke, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils.

17He sent from on high and he took me. He drew me out of many waters.

18He delivered me from my strong enemy, from those who hated me, for they were too mighty for me.

19They came on me in the day of my calamity, but Yahweh was my support.

20He also brought me out into a large place. He delivered me, because he delighted in me.

21Yahweh rewarded me according to my righteousness. He rewarded me according to the cleanness of my hands.

22For I have kept Yahweh’s ways, and have not wickedly departed from my God.

23For all his ordinances were before me. As for his statutes, I did not depart from them.

24I was also perfect toward him. I kept myself from my iniquity.

25Therefore Yahweh has rewarded me according to my righteousness, According to my cleanness in his eyesight.

26With the merciful you will show yourself merciful. With the perfect man you will show yourself perfect.

27With the pure you will show yourself pure. With the crooked you will show yourself shrewd.

28You will save the afflicted people, But your eyes are on the haughty, that you may bring them down.

29For you are my lamp, Yahweh. Yahweh will light up my darkness.

30For by you, I run against a troop. By my God, I leap over a wall.

31As for God, his way is perfect. Yahweh’s word is tested. He is a shield to all those who take refuge in him.

32For who is God, besides Yahweh? Who is a rock, besides our God?

33God is my strong fortress. He makes my way perfect.

34He makes his feet like hinds’ feet, and sets me on my high places.

35He teaches my hands to war, so that my arms bend a bow of brass.

36You have also given me the shield of your salvation. Your gentleness has made me great.

37You have enlarged my steps under me. My feet have not slipped.

38I have pursued my enemies and destroyed them. I didn’t turn again until they were consumed.

39I have consumed them, and struck them through, so that they can’t arise. Yes, they have fallen under my feet.

40For you have armed me with strength for the battle. You have subdued under me those who rose up against me.

41You have also made my enemies turn their backs to me, that I might cut off those who hate me.

42They looked, but there was no one to save; even to Yahweh, but he didn’t answer them.

43Then I beat them as small as the dust of the earth. I crushed them as the mire of the streets, and spread them abroad.

44You also have delivered me from the strivings of my people. You have kept me to be the head of the nations. A people whom I have not known will serve me.

45The foreigners will submit themselves to me. As soon as they hear of me, they will obey me.

46The foreigners will fade away, and will come trembling out of their close places.

47Yahweh lives! Blessed be my rock! Exalted be God, the rock of my salvation,

48even the God who executes vengeance for me, who brings down peoples under me,

49who brings me away from my enemies. Yes, you lift me up above those who rise up against me. You deliver me from the violent man.

50Therefore I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, among the nations, and will sing praises to your name.

51He gives great deliverance to his king, and shows loving kindness to his anointed, to David and to his offspring, forever more.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

David sings a psalm of deliverance, praising God as his rock, fortress, and deliverer who saved him from all his enemies. This song of triumph echoes Psalm 18 and celebrates God's faithful covenant love.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Nathan and Gad (1 Chronicles 29:29). Originally one book with 1 Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. The book covers David's entire reign — from his lament over Saul's death to the purchase of the threshing floor for the future Temple (approximately 1010-970 BC). Key themes: the Davidic covenant (chapter 7), the consequences of sin even for the forgiven (chapters 11-20), God's faithfulness despite human failure, and the establishment of the eternal throne fulfilled in Christ.
Historical Context: Chapter 22 is David's great song of deliverance — a psalm of thanksgiving composed near the end of his life, looking back over all God's faithfulness. This song is nearly identical to Psalm 18, with minor textual variations that suggest both versions were preserved independently. The superscription tells us David sang this "in the day that the LORD had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul" (v.1). This is not a song about one deliverance but about all of them — a lifetime of God's faithfulness compressed into poetry. The psalm moves through several movements: distress and crying out (vv.5-7), God's dramatic intervention described in theophanic language (vv.8-16), personal rescue (vv.17-20), the principle of God's justice (vv.21-28), God as the source of strength (vv.29-46), and final praise (vv.47-51). Placed here in the appendix of 2 Samuel, it serves as David's theological summary of his entire life: God is faithful, God delivers, and God keeps His covenant promises.
Invocation and Declaration (vv.1-4): David opens with a cascade of titles for God — rock, fortress, deliverer, shield, horn of salvation, high tower, refuge, savior. Each title reflects a different aspect of God's protection that David experienced personally. This is not abstract theology but lived experience turned to worship.
Distress and Cry for Help (vv.5-7): David recalls the mortal dangers he faced — "waves of death," "floods of ungodly men" (KJV), "cords of Sheol." In his extremity he cried to God, and God heard from His temple.
The Theophany — God's Dramatic Intervention (vv.8-16): The most vivid section of the psalm. God's response to David's cry is described in cosmic, earth-shaking terms: earthquakes, smoke, fire, darkness, riding on a cherub, thunder, lightning, the sea floor exposed. This is theophanic language — describing God's intervention in terms of His awesome power over creation. It echoes Sinai (Exodus 19) and anticipates the final judgment.
Rescue and Deliverance (vv.17-20): From the cosmic, David moves to the personal: "He sent from above, he took me; he drew me out of many waters" (v.17). The reason: "he delivered me, because he delighted in me" (v.20). God's rescue is rooted in His love.
The Principle of Righteousness (vv.21-28): David claims God rewarded his righteousness. This is not sinless perfection but covenant faithfulness — David kept God's ways as the pattern of his life, despite failures. God responds to the merciful with mercy, to the pure with purity, to the crooked with opposition.
God as Source of Strength (vv.29-46): David attributes every military victory to God: "by thee I have run through a troop: by my God have I leaped over a wall" (v.30). God trained his hands, made his feet sure, gave him the shield of salvation. The remarkable statement: "thy gentleness hath made me great" (v.36).
Doxology and Covenant Promise (vv.47-51): The psalm concludes with praise and the covenant promise: God "sheweth mercy to his anointed, unto David, and to his seed for evermore" (v.51). This points forward to Christ — David's seed who reigns forever.

Map & Geography

  • This psalm/song reviews David's life geographically: delivered from "many waters" (enemies), the wilderness, the strongholds
  • "He brought me forth into a large place" (v.20) — from caves and deserts to Jerusalem and a kingdom
  • Universal scope: David's kingdom reaches from the Euphrates to the border of Egypt — the promised territory

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that this psalm is David's "life summary" — the theological interpretation of his entire experience. He notes that the theophanic language (vv.8-16) does not describe a literal earthquake at each deliverance but poetically expresses the magnitude of God's intervention as David experienced it. Guzik highlights v.36 ("your gentleness has made me great") as one of the most remarkable statements in Scripture — that God's condescension, not His power, is what made David great.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "Mark the humility of David. He does not say, 'My sword has made me great,' or 'My courage has made me great,' but 'Your gentleness has made me great.' The condescension of God in stooping to notice, to help, to bless a poor shepherd boy — this is what made David a king. And so it is with every believer: whatever we are, we are by the grace of God. His gentleness — His tender, patient, stooping love — is the only explanation for our standing. Let us never forget it."

Reflection

  • 1. Build a theology of remembrance (v.1). David wrote this song looking back over his entire life. He did not forget what God had done. We need to cultivate the discipline of remembering — writing down, rehearsing, and celebrating God's past faithfulness. Memory fuels faith. When the next trial comes, we need a song already written.
  • 2. God hears from His temple (v.7). In David's darkest moments, he cried out and God heard. The distance between earth and heaven is no barrier to prayer. God is not indifferent to our suffering — our cry enters His ears. The question is never whether God can hear, but whether we will cry out.
  • 3. God's gentleness makes us great (v.36). This is perhaps the most surprising verse in the psalm. Not God's power, not His wrath, not His sovereignty — but His gentleness. God stoops down to lift us up. His patience with our failures, His tender correction, His willingness to use broken vessels — this is what makes us who we are. Greatness comes from being loved by a gentle God.
  • 4. His way is perfect; His word is proven (v.31). After a lifetime of testing, David's conclusion is not "life is hard" but "God is perfect." Every trial, every enemy, every deliverance confirmed the same truth: God's way is flawless and His word is reliable. We may not understand His methods in the moment, but the end of the story always vindicates His faithfulness.
  • 5. The covenant extends to His seed forever (v.51). David's song ends not with himself but with his offspring — the promise that God's mercy extends to future generations. This is the gospel in seed form: God's faithfulness to David culminates in Christ, who reigns forever. Our hope is not in our own faithfulness but in God's covenant commitment that spans eternity.