2 Samuel — Chapter 15

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1Some time later, Absalom provided for himself a chariot with horses and fifty men to run ahead of him.

2He would get up early and stand beside the road leading to the city gate. Whenever anyone had a grievance to bring before the king for a decision, Absalom would call out and ask, “What city are you from?” And if he replied, “Your servant is from one of the tribes of Israel,”

3Absalom would say, “Look, your claims are good and right, but the king has no deputy to hear you.”

4And he would add, “If only someone would appoint me judge in the land, then everyone with a grievance or dispute could come to me, and I would give him justice.”

5Also, when anyone approached to bow down to him, Absalom would reach out his hand, take hold of him, and kiss him.

6Absalom did this to all the Israelites who came to the king for justice. In this way he stole the hearts of the men of Israel.

7After four years had passed, Absalom said to the king, “Please let me go to Hebron to fulfill a vow I have made to the LORD.

8For your servant made a vow while dwelling in Geshur of Aram, saying: ‘If indeed the LORD brings me back to Jerusalem, I will worship the LORD in Hebron.’”

9“Go in peace,” said the king. So Absalom got up and went to Hebron.

10Then Absalom sent spies throughout the tribes of Israel with this message: “When you hear the sound of the horn, you are to say, ‘Absalom reigns in Hebron!’”

11Two hundred men from Jerusalem accompanied Absalom. They had been invited as guests and they went along innocently, for they knew nothing about the matter.

12While Absalom was offering the sacrifices, he sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David’s counselor, to come from his hometown of Giloh. So the conspiracy gained strength, and Absalom’s following kept increasing.

13Then a messenger came to David and reported, “The hearts of the men of Israel are with Absalom.”

14And David said to all the servants with him in Jerusalem, “Arise and let us flee, or we will not escape from Absalom! We must leave quickly, or he will soon overtake us, heap disaster on us, and put the city to the sword.”

15The king’s servants replied, “Whatever our lord the king decides, we are your servants.”

16Then the king set out, and his entire household followed him. But he left behind ten concubines to take care of the palace.

17So the king set out with all the people following him. He stopped at the last house,

18and all his servants marched past him—all the Cherethites and Pelethites, and six hundred Gittites who had followed him from Gath.

19Then the king said to Ittai the Gittite, “Why should you also go with us? Go back and stay with the new king, since you are both a foreigner and an exile from your homeland.

20In fact, you arrived only yesterday; should I make you wander around with us today while I do not know where I am going? Go back and take your brothers with you. May the LORD show you loving devotion and faithfulness.”

21But Ittai answered the king, “As surely as the LORD lives, and as my lord the king lives, wherever my lord the king may be, whether it means life or death, there will your servant be!”

22“March on then,” said David to Ittai. So Ittai the Gittite marched past with all his men and all the little ones who were with him.

23Everyone in the countryside was weeping loudly as all the people passed by. And as the king crossed the Kidron Valley, all the people also passed toward the way of the wilderness.

24Zadok was also there, and all the Levites with him were carrying the ark of the covenant of God. And they set down the ark of God, and Abiathar offered sacrifices until all the people had passed out of the city.

25Then the king said to Zadok, “Return the ark of God to the city. If I find favor in the eyes of the LORD, He will bring me back and let me see both it and His dwelling place again.

26But if He should say, ‘I do not delight in you,’ then here I am; let Him do to me whatever seems good to Him.”

27The king also said to Zadok the priest, “Are you not a seer? Return to the city in peace—you with your son Ahimaaz, and Abiathar with his son Jonathan.

28See, I will wait at the fords of the wilderness until word comes from you to inform me.”

29So Zadok and Abiathar returned the ark of God to Jerusalem and stayed there.

30But David continued up the Mount of Olives, weeping as he went up. His head was covered, and he was walking barefoot. And all the people with him covered their heads and went up, weeping as they went.

31Now someone told David: “Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom.” So David pleaded, “O LORD, please turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness!”

32When David came to the summit, where he used to worship God, Hushai the Archite was there to meet him with his robe torn and dust on his head.

33David said to him, “If you go on with me, you will be a burden to me.

34But you can thwart the counsel of Ahithophel for me if you return to the city and say to Absalom: ‘I will be your servant, my king; in the past I was your father’s servant, but now I will be your servant.’

35Will not Zadok and Abiathar the priests be there with you? Report to them everything you hear from the king’s palace.

36Indeed, their two sons, Ahimaaz son of Zadok and Jonathan son of Abiathar, are there with them. Send them to me with everything you hear.”

37So David’s friend Hushai arrived in Jerusalem just as Absalom was entering the city.

1And it came to pass after this, that Absalom prepared him chariots and horses, and fifty men to run before him.

2And Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate: and it was so, that when any man that had a controversy came to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said, Of what city art thou? And he said, Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel.

3And Absalom said unto him, See, thy matters are good and right; but there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee.

4Absalom said moreover, Oh that I were made judge in the land, that every man which hath any suit or cause might come unto me, and I would do him justice!

5And it was so, that when any man came nigh to him to do him obeisance, he put forth his hand, and took him, and kissed him.

6And on this manner did Absalom to all Israel that came to the king for judgment: so Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.

7And it came to pass after forty years, that Absalom said unto the king, I pray thee, let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed unto the LORD, in Hebron.

8For thy servant vowed a vow while I abode at Geshur in Syria, saying, If the LORD shall bring me again indeed to Jerusalem, then I will serve the LORD.

9And the king said unto him, Go in peace. So he arose, and went to Hebron.

10But Absalom sent spies throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying, As soon as ye hear the sound of the trumpet, then ye shall say, Absalom reigneth in Hebron.

11And with Absalom went two hundred men out of Jerusalem, that were called; and they went in their simplicity, and they knew not any thing.

12And Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David’s counsellor, from his city, even from Giloh, while he offered sacrifices. And the conspiracy was strong; for the people increased continually with Absalom.

13And there came a messenger to David, saying, The hearts of the men of Israel are after Absalom.

14And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem, Arise, and let us flee; for we shall not else escape from Absalom: make speed to depart, lest he overtake us suddenly, and bring evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword.

15And the king’s servants said unto the king, Behold, thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall appoint.

16And the king went forth, and all his household after him. And the king left ten women, which were concubines, to keep the house.

17And the king went forth, and all the people after him, and tarried in a place that was far off.

18And all his servants passed on beside him; and all the Cherethites, and all the Pelethites, and all the Gittites, six hundred men which came after him from Gath, passed on before the king.

19Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite, Wherefore goest thou also with us? return to thy place, and abide with the king: for thou art a stranger, and also an exile.

20Whereas thou camest but yesterday, should I this day make thee go up and down with us? seeing I go whither I may, return thou, and take back thy brethren: mercy and truth be with thee.

21And Ittai answered the king, and said, As the LORD liveth, and as my lord the king liveth, surely in what place my lord the king shall be, whether in death or life, even there also will thy servant be.

22And David said to Ittai, Go and pass over. And Ittai the Gittite passed over, and all his men, and all the little ones that were with him.

23And all the country wept with a loud voice, and all the people passed over: the king also himself passed over the brook Kidron, and all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness.

24And lo Zadok also, and all the Levites were with him, bearing the ark of the covenant of God: and they set down the ark of God; and Abiathar went up, until all the people had done passing out of the city.

25And the king said unto Zadok, Carry back the ark of God into the city: if I shall find favour in the eyes of the LORD, he will bring me again, and shew me both it, and his habitation:

26But if he thus say, I have no delight in thee; behold, here am I, let him do to me as seemeth good unto him.

27The king said also unto Zadok the priest, Art not thou a seer? return into the city in peace, and your two sons with you, Ahimaaz thy son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar.

28See, I will tarry in the plain of the wilderness, until there come word from you to certify me.

29Zadok therefore and Abiathar carried the ark of God again to Jerusalem: and they tarried there.

30And David went up by the ascent of mount Olivet, and wept as he went up, and had his head covered, and he went barefoot: and all the people that was with him covered every man his head, and they went up, weeping as they went up.

31And one told David, saying, Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom. And David said, O LORD, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.

32And it came to pass, that when David was come to the top of the mount, where he worshipped God, behold, Hushai the Archite came to meet him with his coat rent, and earth upon his head:

33Unto whom David said, If thou passest on with me, then thou shalt be a burden unto me:

34But if thou return to the city, and say unto Absalom, I will be thy servant, O king; as I have been thy father’s servant hitherto, so will I now also be thy servant: then mayest thou for me defeat the counsel of Ahithophel.

35And hast thou not there with thee Zadok and Abiathar the priests? therefore it shall be, that what thing soever thou shalt hear out of the king’s house, thou shalt tell it to Zadok and Abiathar the priests.

36Behold, they have there with them their two sons, Ahimaaz Zadok’s son, and Jonathan Abiathar’s son; and by them ye shall send unto me every thing that ye can hear.

37So Hushai David’s friend came into the city, and Absalom came into Jerusalem.

1And it came to pass after this, that Absalom prepared him a chariot and horses, and fifty men to run before him.

2And Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate: and it was so, that, when any man had a suit which should come to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said, Of what city art thou? And he said, Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel.

3And Absalom said unto him, See, thy matters are good and right; but there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee.

4Absalom said moreover, Oh that I were made judge in the land, that every man who hath any suit or cause might come unto me, and I would do him justice!

5And it was so, that, when any man came nigh to do him obeisance, he put forth his hand, and took hold of him, and kissed him.

6And on this manner did Absalom to all Israel that came to the king for judgment: so Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.

7And it came to pass at the end of forty years, that Absalom said unto the king, I pray thee, let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed unto Jehovah, in Hebron.

8For thy servant vowed a vow while I abode at Geshur in Syria, saying, If Jehovah shall indeed bring me again to Jerusalem, then I will serve Jehovah.

9And the king said unto him, Go in peace. So he arose, and went to Hebron.

10But Absalom sent spies throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying, As soon as ye hear the sound of the trumpet, then ye shall say, Absalom is king in Hebron.

11And with Absalom went two hundred men out of Jerusalem, that were invited, and went in their simplicity; and they knew not anything.

12And Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David`s counsellor, from his city, even from Giloh, while he was offering the sacrifices. And the conspiracy was strong; for the people increased continually with Absalom.

13And there came a messenger to David, saying, The hearts of the men of Israel are after Absalom.

14And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem, Arise, and let us flee; for else none of us shall escape from Absalom: make speed to depart, lest he overtake us quickly, and bring down evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword.

15And the king`s servants said unto the king, Behold, thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall choose.

16And the king went forth, and all his household after him. And the king left ten women, that were concubines, to keep the house.

17And the king went forth, and all the people after him; and they tarried in Beth-merhak.

18And all his servants passed on beside him; and all the Cherethites, and all the Pelethites, and all the Gittites, six hundred men that came after him from Gath, passed on before the king.

19Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite, Wherefore goest thou also with us? return, and abide with the king: for thou art a foreigner, and also an exile; [return] to thine own place.

20Whereas thou camest but yesterday, should I this day make thee go up and down with us, seeing I go whither I may? return thou, and take back thy brethren; mercy and truth be with thee.

21And Ittai answered the king, and said, As Jehovah liveth, and as my lord the king liveth, surely in what place my lord the king shall be, whether for death or for life, even there also will thy servant be.

22And David said to Ittai, Go and pass over. And Ittai the Gittite passed over, and all his men, and all the little ones that were with him.

23And all the country wept with a loud voice, and all the people passed over: the king also himself passed over the brook Kidron, and all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness.

24And, lo, Zadok also [came], and all the Levites with him, bearing the ark of the covenant of God; and they set down the ark of God; and Abiathar went up, until all the people had done passing out of the city.

25And the king said unto Zadok, Carry back the ark of God into the city: if I shall find favor in the eyes of Jehovah, he will bring me again, and show me both it, and his habitation:

26but if he say thus, I have no delight in thee; behold, here am I, let him do to me as seemeth good unto him.

27The king said also unto Zadok the priest, Art thou [not] a seer? return into the city in peace, and your two sons with you, Ahimaaz thy son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar.

28See, I will tarry at the fords of the wilderness, until there come word from you to certify me.

29Zadok therefore and Abiathar carried the ark of God again to Jerusalem: and they abode there.

30And David went up by the ascent of the [mount of] Olives, and wept as he went up; and he had his head covered, and went barefoot: and all the people that were with him covered every man his head, and they went up, weeping as they went up.

31And one told David, saying, Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom. And David said, O Jehovah, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.

32And it came to pass, that, when David was come to the top [of the ascent], where God was worshipped, behold, Hushai the Archite came to meet him with his coat rent, and earth upon his head.

33And David said unto him, If thou passest on with me, then thou wilt be a burden unto me:

34but if thou return to the city, and say unto Absalom, I will be thy servant, O king; as I have been thy father`s servant in time past, so will I now be thy servant; then wilt thou defeat for me the counsel of Ahithophel.

35And hast thou not there with thee Zadok and Abiathar the priests? therefore it shall be, that what thing soever thou shalt hear out of the king`s house, thou shalt tell it to Zadok and Abiathar the priests.

36Behold, they have there with them their two sons, Ahimaaz, Zadok`s son, and Jonathan, Abiathar`s son; and by them ye shall send unto me everything that ye shall hear.

37So Hushai, David`s friend, came into the city; and Absalom came into Jerusalem.

1Some time later Absalom managed to acquire a chariot and horses, as well as 50 men to serve as his royal guard.

2Now Absalom used to get up early and stand beside the road that led to the city gate. Whenever anyone came by who had a complaint to bring to the king for arbitration, Absalom would call out to him, “What city are you from?” The person would answer, “I, your servant, am from one of the tribes of Israel.”

3Absalom would then say to him, “Look, your claims are legitimate and appropriate. But there is no representative of the king who will listen to you.”

4Absalom would then say, “If only they would make me a judge in the land! Then everyone who had a judicial complaint could come to me and I would make sure he receives a just settlement.”

5When someone approached to bow before him, Absalom would extend his hand and embrace him and kiss him.

6Absalom acted this way toward everyone in Israel who came to the king for justice. In this way Absalom won the loyalty of the citizens of Israel.

7After four years Absalom said to the king, “Let me go and repay my vow that I made to the Lord while I was in Hebron.

8For I made this vow when I was living in Geshur in Aram: ‘If the Lord really does allow me to return to Jerusalem, I will serve the Lord.’”

9The king replied to him, “Go in peace.” So Absalom got up and went to Hebron.

10Then Absalom sent spies through all the tribes of Israel who said, “When you hear the sound of the horn, you may assume that Absalom rules in Hebron.”

11Now 200 men had gone with Absalom from Jerusalem. Since they were invited, they went naively and were unaware of what Absalom was planning.

12While he was offering sacrifices, Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David’s adviser, to come from his city, Giloh. The conspiracy was gaining momentum, and the people were starting to side with Absalom.

13Then a messenger came to David and reported, “The men of Israel are loyal to Absalom!”

14So David said to all his servants who were with him in Jerusalem, “Come on! Let’s escape! Otherwise no one will be delivered from Absalom! Go immediately, or else he will quickly overtake us and bring disaster on us and kill the city’s residents with the sword.”

15The king’s servants replied to the king, “We will do whatever our lord the king decides.”

16So the king and all the members of his royal court set out on foot, though the king left behind 10 concubines to attend to the palace.

17The king and all the people set out on foot, pausing at a spot some distance away.

18All his servants were leaving with him, along with all the Kerethites, all the Pelethites, and all the Gittites—some 600 men who had come on foot from Gath. They were leaving with the king.

19Then the king said to Ittai the Gittite, “Why should you come with us? Go back and stay with the new king, for you are a foreigner and an exile from your own country.

20It seems as if you arrived just yesterday. Today should I make you wander around by going with us? I go where I must go. But as for you, go back and take your men with you. May genuine loyal love protect you!”

21But Ittai replied to the king, “As surely as the Lord lives and as my lord the king lives, wherever my lord the king is, whether it means death or life, there I will be as well!”

22So David said to Ittai, “Come along then.” So Ittai the Gittite went along, accompanied by all his men and all the dependents who were with him.

23All the land was weeping loudly as all these people were leaving. As the king was crossing over the Kidron Valley, all the people were leaving on the road that leads to the desert.

24Zadok and all the Levites who were with him were carrying the ark of the covenant of God. When they positioned the ark of God, Abiathar offered sacrifices until all the people had finished leaving the city.

25Then the king said to Zadok, “Take the ark of God back to the city. If I find favor in the Lord’s sight he will bring me back and enable me to see both it and his dwelling place again.

26However, if he should say, ‘I do not take pleasure in you,’ then he will deal with me in a way that he considers appropriate.”

27The king said to Zadok the priest, “Are you a seer? Go back to the city in peace! Your son Ahimaaz and Abiathar’s son Jonathan may go with you and Abiathar.

28Look, I will be waiting at the fords of the desert until word from you reaches me.”

29So Zadok and Abiathar took the ark of God back to Jerusalem and remained there.

30As David was going up the Mount of Olives, he was weeping as he went; his head was covered and his feet were bare. All the people who were with him also had their heads covered and were weeping as they went up.

31Now David had been told, “Ahithophel has sided with the conspirators who are with Absalom.” So David prayed, “Make the advice of Ahithophel foolish, O Lord.”

32When David reached the summit, where he used to worship God, Hushai the Arkite met him with his clothes torn and dirt on his head.

33David said to him, “If you leave with me you will be a burden to me.

34But you will be able to counter the advice of Ahithophel if you go back to the city and say to Absalom, ‘I will be your servant, O king! Previously I was your father’s servant, and now I will be your servant.’

35Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there with you. Everything you hear in the king’s palace you must tell Zadok and Abiathar the priests.

36Furthermore, their two sons are there with them, Zadok’s son Ahimaaz and Abiathar’s son Jonathan. You must send them to me with any information you hear.”

37So David’s friend Hushai arrived in the city, just as Absalom was entering Jerusalem.

1After this, Absalom prepared a chariot and horses for himself, and fifty men to run before him.

2Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate. When any man had a suit which should come to the king for judgment, then Absalom called to him, and said, “What city are you from?” He said, “Your servant is of one of the tribes of Israel.”

3Absalom said to him, “Behold, your matters are good and right; but there is no man deputized by the king to hear you.”

4Absalom said moreover, “Oh that I were made judge in the land, that every man who has any suit or cause might come to me, and I would do him justice!”

5It was so, that when any man came near to bow down to him, he stretched out his hand, and took hold of him, and kissed him.

6Absalom did this sort of thing to all Israel who came to the king for judgment. So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.

7At the end of forty years, Absalom said to the king, “Please let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed to Yahweh, in Hebron.

8For your servant vowed a vow while I stayed at Geshur in Syria, saying, ‘If Yahweh shall indeed bring me again to Jerusalem, then I will serve Yahweh.’”

9The king said to him, “Go in peace.” So he arose, and went to Hebron.

10But Absalom sent spies throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying, “As soon as you hear the sound of the trumpet, then you shall say, ‘Absalom is king in Hebron!’”

11Two hundred men went with Absalom out of Jerusalem, who were invited, and went in their simplicity; and they didn’t know anything.

12Absalom sent for Ahithophel the Gilonite, David’s counselor, from his city, even from Giloh, while he was offering the sacrifices. The conspiracy was strong; for the people increased continually with Absalom.

13A messenger came to David, saying, “The hearts of the men of Israel are after Absalom.”

14David said to all his servants who were with him at Jerusalem, “Arise, and let us flee; or else none of us will escape from Absalom. Hurry to depart, lest he overtake us quickly, and bring down evil on us, and strike the city with the edge of the sword.”

15The king’s servants said to the king, “Behold, your servants are ready to do whatever my lord the king chooses.”

16The king went out, and all his household after him. The king left ten women, who were concubines, to keep the house.

17The king went out, and all the people after him; and they stayed in Beth Merhak.

18All his servants passed on beside him; and all the Cherethites, and all the Pelethites, and all the Gittites, six hundred men who came after him from Gath, passed on before the king.

19Then the king said to Ittai the Gittite, “Why do you also go with us? Return, and stay with the king; for you are a foreigner, and also an exile. Return to your own place.

20Whereas you came but yesterday, should I today make you go up and down with us, since I go where I may? Return, and take back your brothers. Mercy and truth be with you.”

21Ittai answered the king, and said, “As Yahweh lives, and as my lord the king lives, surely in what place my lord the king is, whether for death or for life, your servant will be there also.”

22David said to Ittai, “Go and pass over.” Ittai the Gittite passed over, and all his men, and all the little ones who were with him.

23All the country wept with a loud voice, and all the people passed over. The king also himself passed over the brook Kidron, and all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness.

24Behold, Zadok also came, and all the Levites with him, bearing the ark of the covenant of God; and they set down God’s ark; and Abiathar went up, until all the people finished passing out of the city.

25The king said to Zadok, “Carry God’s ark back into the city. If I find favor in Yahweh’s eyes, he will bring me again, and show me both it, and his habitation;

26but if he says, ‘I have no delight in you;’ behold, here am I. Let him do to me as seems good to him.”

27The king said also to Zadok the priest, “Aren’t you a seer? Return into the city in peace, and your two sons with you, Ahimaaz your son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar.

28Behold, I will stay at the fords of the wilderness, until word comes from you to inform me.”

29Zadok therefore and Abiathar carried God’s ark to Jerusalem again; and they stayed there.

30David went up by the ascent of the Mount of Olives, and wept as he went up; and he had his head covered, and went barefoot: and all the people who were with him each covered his head, and they went up, weeping as they went up.

31Someone told David, saying, “Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom.” David said, “Yahweh, please turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.”

32When David had come to the top, where God was worshiped, behold, Hushai the Archite came to meet him with his coat torn, and earth on his head.

33David said to him, “If you pass on with me, then you will be a burden to me;

34but if you return to the city, and tell Absalom, ‘I will be your servant, O king. As I have been your father’s servant in time past, so will I now be your servant; then will you defeat for me the counsel of Ahithophel.’

35Don’t you have Zadok and Abiathar the priests there with you? Therefore whatever you hear out of the king’s house, tell it to Zadok and Abiathar the priests.

36Behold, they have there with them their two sons, Ahimaaz, Zadok’s son, and Jonathan, Abiathar’s son. Send to me everything that you shall hear by them.”

37So Hushai, David’s friend, came into the city; and Absalom came into Jerusalem.

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Summary

Absalom spends four years at the city gate intercepting petitioners and quietly courting Israel's loyalty away from his father (vv. 1-6). He then travels to Hebron under a false pretext and proclaims himself king, drawing conspirators including David's trusted counselor Ahithophel (vv. 7-12). When David learns of the revolt he flees Jerusalem on foot, weeping, leaving ten concubines behind to keep the house (vv. 13-17, 30). He sends the ark back to the city rather than use it as a talisman, trusting God's will over its presence, and sends his friend Hushai back to Absalom's court to undermine Ahithophel's counsel (vv. 24-29, 32-37).

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Nathan and Gad (1 Chronicles 29:29). Originally one book with 1 Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. The book covers David's entire reign — from his lament over Saul's death to the purchase of the threshing floor for the future Temple (approximately 1010-970 BC).
Historical Context: Chapter 15 records the most devastating crisis of David's reign — his own son's rebellion and the king's flight from Jerusalem. This is the direct fulfillment of Nathan's prophecy in 12:11: "I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house." Absalom, restored to David's presence at the end of chapter 14 but never truly reconciled, now executes a carefully planned coup. The chapter divides into two major movements: Absalom's conspiracy (vv.1-12) and David's flight (vv.13-37). What makes this chapter theologically rich is David's response to the crisis — not the warrior-king of his youth but a broken, humble man who submits to God's sovereignty even in judgment. David's ascent of the Mount of Olives, weeping and barefoot (v.30), prefigures Christ's own agony in the same location. The chapter also reveals David's strategic wisdom even in retreat — he sends the ark back, positions Hushai as a spy, and establishes a communication network. Faith and prudence work together.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: A conspiracy that begins with chariots and runners and a seat at the city gate rather than with any act of violence, every petitioner's complaint validated and every fault laid at the king's door before Absalom ever asks to be made judge, a religious vow used as the pretext to reach Hebron, the very city of David's own first anointing, an ark sent back into the city rather than carried along as a talisman, if I find favour he will bring me again, and a king climbing the Mount of Olives weeping, barefoot and covered, in a scene later echoed by a greater Son of David
Absalom Steals Israel's Hearts (vv.1-6): Absalom's conspiracy begins not with violence but with politics. He acquires the trappings of royalty — chariot, horses, fifty runners (v.1) — imitating the style of surrounding kings. He positions himself at the city gate where legal disputes were heard and systematically undermines David's administration. His method is subtle and effective: he validates every petitioner's complaint ("thy matters are good and right," v.3), blames the king for neglect ("there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee," v.3), and positions himself as the solution ("Oh that I were made judge in the land," v.4). He refuses the formal homage due to royalty, instead embracing and kissing each person (v.5) — creating an image of accessibility and humility. The narrator's summary is devastating: "so Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel" (v.6). The verb "stole" (Hebrew "ganav") indicates deception — these hearts were taken by fraud, not earned by faithfulness.
The Conspiracy Launched (vv.7-12): After four years of this political groundwork (ESV; KJV reads "forty years," likely a textual variant), Absalom moves to open rebellion. He uses a religious pretext — a vow to the LORD made in Geshur (vv.7-8) — to get David's permission to go to Hebron. Hebron is strategically chosen: it was David's first capital (2 Samuel 2:1-4), the place where David was anointed king over all Israel (5:3), and Absalom's birthplace (3:3). It carried royal legitimacy. From Hebron, Absalom sends "spies" (KJV) or "secret messengers" (ESV) throughout Israel with a coordinated signal: at the trumpet blast, declare "Absalom reigneth in Hebron" (v.10). Two hundred men from Jerusalem accompany him "in their simplicity" — innocent dupes who lend credibility to the movement (v.11). Most critically, Absalom recruits Ahithophel, David's own counselor (v.12), whose defection signals that the conspiracy has reached the highest levels of government. "The conspiracy was strong; for the people increased continually with Absalom" (v.12).
David's Flight from Jerusalem (vv.13-23): When word reaches David, his response is immediate and decisive: "Arise, and let us flee" (v.14). This is not cowardice but wisdom — David knows that a siege of Jerusalem would destroy the city and its inhabitants. He also recognizes God's hand in this judgment (as he will state explicitly in v.26). David leaves with his household, his servants, his personal guard (the Cherethites and Pelethites), and six hundred Gittites — Philistine mercenaries who had followed him from Gath. The encounter with Ittai the Gittite (vv.19-22) is one of the chapter's most moving moments. David urges this foreigner to stay behind — "thou art a stranger, and also an exile" (v.19). Ittai's response echoes Ruth's famous declaration: "in what place my lord the king shall be, whether in death or life, even there also will thy servant be" (v.21). A Gentile foreigner shows more loyalty than Israel's own tribes. "All the country wept with a loud voice" as the king crossed the brook Kidron toward the wilderness (v.23).
The Ark and David's Submission (vv.24-29): Zadok and the Levites bring the ark of the covenant out of Jerusalem to accompany David. David's response reveals the depth of his spiritual maturity: "Carry back the ark of God into the city: if I shall find favour in the eyes of the LORD, he will bring me again" (v.25). David refuses to use the ark as a talisman or political prop. He will not manipulate God's presence for his own advantage. His submission is complete: "But if he thus say, I have no delight in thee; behold, here am I, let him do to me as seemeth good unto him" (v.26). This is the language of absolute surrender — David places himself entirely in God's hands, accepting whatever verdict God renders. At the same time, David wisely positions Zadok and Abiathar as intelligence assets in Jerusalem, with their sons as messengers (vv.27-29). Faith and wisdom are not opposites.
David on the Mount of Olives (vv.30-37): David ascends the Mount of Olives "weeping as he went up, and had his head covered, and he went barefoot" (v.30) — signs of mourning and humiliation. All the people with him do the same. This scene powerfully prefigures Christ's own agony on the Mount of Olives (Luke 22:39-44) — a greater Son of David, betrayed by one close to Him, weeping in submission to the Father's will. When David learns that Ahithophel has joined the conspiracy, he prays: "O LORD, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness" (v.31). God answers this prayer through Hushai the Archite, who arrives at the summit with torn coat and dirt on his head (v.32). David sends Hushai back to Jerusalem as a counterintelligence agent — to feign loyalty to Absalom and defeat Ahithophel's counsel from within (vv.33-36). The chapter ends with Hushai entering Jerusalem just as Absalom arrives — the stage is set for the battle of counselors in chapters 16-17.

Map & Geography

  • Hebron: Where Absalom launches his rebellion — declared king in David's former capital (politically significant)
  • The city gate of Jerusalem: Where Absalom "stole the hearts" of those coming for legal judgments
  • David's flight begins from Jerusalem eastward — Absalom enters the capital unopposed

Places on this map

  • HebronHebron, West BankThe highest town in the Judean hills at about 3,000 feet, 19 miles south of Jerusalem. Abraham bought a burial cave here, and David reigned from it for seven years before moving north, so it carries both the patriarchal and the royal claim to the land. Wikipedia
  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes David's remarkable submission to God's sovereignty in this chapter. Despite being the anointed king with every right to fight, David humbles himself and accepts the crisis as God's discipline. Guzik also notes the parallel between David's crossing of Kidron and Christ's — both betrayed kings walking the same path in sorrow.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

When Character Shines — 2 Samuel 15:31-32
David Guzik

The True Friend — 2 Samuel 15:21
David Guzik

2 Samuel 15-20 | Absalom's Rebellion | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of 2 Samuel -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Stolen Hearts (vv.2-6) — Absalom won people over simply by validating every complaint and blaming David for their problems, without ever actually delivering justice. How do you tell the difference between a leader, or a voice in your own head, that truly cares and one that is just telling you what you want to hear?
  • Wisdom to Retreat (v.14) — David's decision to flee Jerusalem rather than fight looked like weakness but was actually wisdom, sparing the city a siege. Can you recognize when stepping back is faith and strategy rather than defeat?
  • Loyalty Tested by Crisis (v.21) — Ittai the foreigner, who owed David nothing, pledged to stay with him in life or death, while many of David's own people abandoned him. Adversity reveals who is really with you — who has proven that in your life?
  • Surrendering the Outcome to God (v.26) — David refused to use the ark as a good-luck charm, telling Zadok to take it back to the city and trusting God to bring him home if He desired, or not, if He didn't. Can you hand God your outcome that completely, without needing to control it?
  • A One-Sentence Prayer (v.31) — When David learned Ahithophel had joined the rebellion, his prayer was short and desperate, not polished, and God answered it. Do you wait for the right words before you pray, or can you cry out to God exactly as you are?