Revelation — Chapter 21

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1Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and earth had passed away, and the sea was no more.

2I saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.

3And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying: “Behold, the dwelling place of God is with man, and He will dwell with them. They will be His people, and God Himself will be with them as their God.

4‘He will wipe away every tear from their eyes,’ and there will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the former things have passed away.”

5And the One seated on the throne said, “Behold, I make all things new.” Then He said, “Write this down, for these words are faithful and true.”

6And He told me, “It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. To the thirsty I will give freely from the spring of the water of life.

7The one who overcomes will inherit all things, and I will be his God, and he will be My son.

8But to the cowardly and unbelieving and abominable and murderers and sexually immoral and sorcerers and idolaters and all liars, their place will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur. This is the second death.”

9Then one of the seven angels with the seven bowls full of the seven final plagues came and said to me, “Come, I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb.”

10And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city of Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God,

11shining with the glory of God. Its radiance was like a most precious jewel, like a jasper, as clear as crystal.

12The city had a great and high wall with twelve gates inscribed with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, and twelve angels at the gates.

13There were three gates on the east, three on the north, three on the south, and three on the west.

14The wall of the city had twelve foundations bearing the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.

15The angel who spoke with me had a golden measuring rod to measure the city and its gates and walls.

16The city lies foursquare, with its width the same as its length. And he measured the city with the rod, and all its dimensions were equal—12,000 stadia in length and width and height.

17And he measured its wall to be 144 cubits, by the human measure the angel was using.

18The wall was made of jasper, and the city itself of pure gold, as pure as glass.

19The foundations of the city walls were adorned with every kind of precious stone: The first foundation was jasper, the second sapphire, the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald,

20the fifth sardonyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, and the twelfth amethyst.

21And the twelve gates were twelve pearls, with each gate consisting of a single pearl. The main street of the city was pure gold, as clear as glass.

22But I saw no temple in the city, because the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are its temple.

23And the city has no need of sun or moon to shine on it, because the glory of God illuminates the city, and the Lamb is its lamp.

24By its light the nations will walk, and into it the kings of the earth will bring their glory.

25Its gates will never be shut at the end of the day, because there will be no night there.

26And into the city will be brought the glory and honor of the nations.

27But nothing unclean will ever enter it, nor anyone who practices an abomination or a lie, but only those whose names are written in the Lamb’s Book of Life.

1And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea.

2And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.

3And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God.

4And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.

5And he that sat upon the throne said, Behold, I make all things new. And he said unto me, Write: for these words are true and faithful.

6And he said unto me, It is done. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely.

7He that overcometh shall inherit all things; and I will be his God, and he shall be my son.

8But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death.

9And there came unto me one of the seven angels which had the seven vials full of the seven last plagues, and talked with me, saying, Come hither, I will shew thee the bride, the Lamb’s wife.

10And he carried me away in the spirit to a great and high mountain, and shewed me that great city, the holy Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God,

11Having the glory of God: and her light was like unto a stone most precious, even like a jasper stone, clear as crystal;

12And had a wall great and high, and had twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names written thereon, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel:

13On the east three gates; on the north three gates; on the south three gates; and on the west three gates.

14And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.

15And he that talked with me had a golden reed to measure the city, and the gates thereof, and the wall thereof.

16And the city lieth foursquare, and the length is as large as the breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand furlongs. The length and the breadth and the height of it are equal.

17And he measured the wall thereof, an hundred and forty and four cubits, according to the measure of a man, that is, of the angel.

18And the building of the wall of it was of jasper: and the city was pure gold, like unto clear glass.

19And the foundations of the wall of the city were garnished with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, a chalcedony; the fourth, an emerald;

20The fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolite; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, a topaz; the tenth, a chrysoprasus; the eleventh, a jacinth; the twelfth, an amethyst.

21And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; every several gate was of one pearl: and the street of the city was pure gold, as it were transparent glass.

22And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the temple of it.

23And the city had no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine in it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof.

24And the nations of them which are saved shall walk in the light of it: and the kings of the earth do bring their glory and honour into it.

25And the gates of it shall not be shut at all by day: for there shall be no night there.

26And they shall bring the glory and honour of the nations into it.

27And there shall in no wise enter into it any thing that defileth, neither whatsoever worketh abomination, or maketh a lie: but they which are written in the Lamb’s book of life.

1And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth are passed away; and the sea is no more.

2And I saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven of God, made ready as a bride adorned for her husband.

3And I heard a great voice out of the throne saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he shall dwell with them, and they shall be his peoples, and God himself shall be with them, [and be] their God:

4and he shall wipe away every tear from their eyes; and death shall be no more; neither shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain, any more: the first things are passed away.

5And he that sitteth on the throne said, Behold, I make all things new. And he saith, Write: for these words are faithful and true.

6And he said unto me, They are come to pass. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life freely.

7He that overcometh shall inherit these things; and I will be his God, and he shall be my son.

8But for the fearful, and unbelieving, and abominable, and murderers, and fornicators, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, their part [shall be] in the lake that burneth with fire and brimstone; which is the second death.

9And there came one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls, who were laden with the seven last plagues; and he spake with me, saying, Come hither, I will show thee the bride, the wife of the Lamb.

10And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God,

11having the glory of God: her light was like unto a stone most precious, as it were a jasper stone, clear as crystal:

12having a wall great and high; having twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels; and names written thereon, which are [the names] of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel:

13on the east were three gates; and on the north three gates; and on the south three gates; and on the west three gates.

14And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.

15And he that spake with me had for a measure a golden reed to measure the city, and the gates thereof, and the wall thereof.

16And the city lieth foursquare, and the length thereof is as great as the breadth: and he measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand furlongs: the length and the breadth and the height thereof are equal.

17And he measured the wall thereof, a hundred and forty and four cubits, [according to] the measure of a man, that is, of an angel.

18And the building of the wall thereof was jasper: and the city was pure gold, like unto pure glass.

19The foundations of the wall of the city were adorned with all manner of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, chalcedony; the fourth, emerald;

20the fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolite; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, topaz; the tenth, chrysoprase; the eleventh, jacinth; the twelfth, amethyst.

21And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; each one of the several gates was of one pearl: and the street of the city was pure gold, as it were transparent glass.

22And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God the Almighty, and the Lamb, are the temple thereof.

23And the city hath no need of the sun, neither of the moon, to shine upon it: for the glory of God did lighten it, and the lamp thereof [is] the Lamb.

24And the nations shall walk amidst the light thereof: and the kings of the earth bring their glory into it.

25And the gates thereof shall in no wise be shut by day (for there shall be no night there):

26and they shall bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it:

27and there shall in no wise enter into it anything unclean, or he that maketh an abomination and a lie: but only they that are written in the Lamb`s book of life.

1Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and earth had ceased to exist, and the sea existed no more.

2And I saw the holy city—the new Jerusalem—descending out of heaven from God, made ready like a bride adorned for her husband.

3And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying: “Look! The residence of God is among human beings. He will live among them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them.

4He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death will not exist any more—or mourning, or crying, or pain, for the former things have ceased to exist.”

5And the one seated on the throne said: “Look! I am making all things new!” Then he said to me, “Write it down, because these words are reliable and true.”

6He also said to me, “It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the one who is thirsty I will give water free of charge from the spring of the water of life.

7The one who conquers will inherit these things, and I will be his God and he will be my son.

8But as for the cowards, unbelievers, detestable persons, murderers, the sexually immoral, and those who practice magic spells, idol worshipers, and all those who lie, their place will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur. That is the second death.”

9Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls full of the seven final plagues came and spoke to me, saying, “Come, I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb!”

10So he took me away in the Spirit to a huge, majestic mountain and showed me the holy city, Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God.

11The city possesses the glory of God; its brilliance is like a precious jewel, like a stone of crystal-clear jasper.

12It has a massive, high wall with twelve gates, with twelve angels at the gates, and the names of the twelve tribes of the nation of Israel are written on the gates.

13There are three gates on the east side, three gates on the north side, three gates on the south side, and three gates on the west side.

14The wall of the city has twelve foundations, and on them are the twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.

15The angel who spoke to me had a golden measuring rod with which to measure the city and its foundation stones and wall.

16Now the city is laid out as a square, its length and width the same. He measured the city with the measuring rod at 1,400 miles (its length and width and height are equal).

17He also measured its wall, 144 cubits according to human measurement, which is also the angel’s.

18The city’s wall is made of jasper and the city is pure gold, like transparent glass.

19The foundations of the city’s wall are decorated with every kind of precious stone. The first foundation is jasper, the second sapphire, the third agate, the fourth emerald,

20the fifth onyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, and the twelfth amethyst.

21And the twelve gates are twelve pearls—each one of the gates is made from just one pearl! The main street of the city is pure gold, like transparent glass.

22Now I saw no temple in the city, because the Lord God—the All-Powerful—and the Lamb are its temple.

23The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, because the glory of God lights it up, and its lamp is the Lamb.

24The nations will walk by its light, and the kings of the earth will bring their grandeur into it.

25Its gates will never be closed during the day (and there will be no night there).

26They will bring the grandeur and the wealth of the nations into it,

27but nothing ritually unclean will ever enter into it, nor anyone who does what is detestable or practices falsehood, but only those whose names are written in the Lamb’s book of life.

1I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth have passed away, and the sea is no more.

2I saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared like a bride adorned for her husband.

3I heard a loud voice out of heaven saying, “Behold, God’s dwelling is with people, and he will dwell with them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God.

4He will wipe away every tear from their eyes. Death will be no more; neither will there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain, any more. The first things have passed away.”

5He who sits on the throne said, “Behold, I am making all things new.” He said, “Write, for these words of God are faithful and true.”

6He said to me, “I have become the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. I will give freely to him who is thirsty from the spring of the water of life.

7He who overcomes, I will give him these things. I will be his God, and he will be my son.

8But for the cowardly, unbelieving, sinners, abominable, murderers, sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars, their part is in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death.”

9One of the seven angels who had the seven bowls, who were loaded with the seven last plagues came, and he spoke with me, saying, “Come here. I will show you the wife, the Lamb’s bride.”

10He carried me away in the Spirit to a great and high mountain, and showed me the holy city, Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God,

11having the glory of God. Her light was like a most precious stone, as if it were a jasper stone, clear as crystal;

12having a great and high wall; having twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels; and names written on them, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel.

13On the east were three gates; and on the north three gates; and on the south three gates; and on the west three gates.

14The wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve Apostles of the Lamb.

15He who spoke with me had for a measure a golden reed to measure the city, its gates, and its walls.

16The city is square, and its length is as great as its width. He measured the city with the reed, twelve thousand twelve stadia. Its length, width, and height are equal.

17Its wall is one hundred forty-four cubits, by the measure of a man, that is, of an angel.

18The construction of its wall was jasper. The city was pure gold, like pure glass.

19The foundations of the city’s wall were adorned with all kinds of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper; the second, sapphire; the third, chalcedony; the fourth, emerald;

20the fifth, sardonyx; the sixth, sardius; the seventh, chrysolite; the eighth, beryl; the ninth, topaz; the tenth, chrysoprasus; the eleventh, jacinth; and the twelfth, amethyst.

21The twelve gates were twelve pearls. Each one of the gates was made of one pearl. The street of the city was pure gold, like transparent glass.

22I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God, the Almighty, and the Lamb, are its temple.

23The city has no need for the sun, neither of the moon, to shine, for the very glory of God illuminated it, and its lamp is the Lamb.

24The nations will walk in its light. The kings of the earth bring the glory and honor of the nations into it.

25Its gates will in no way be shut by day (for there will be no night there),

26and they shall bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it so that they may enter.

27There will in no way enter into it anything profane, or one who causes an abomination or a lie, but only those who are written in the Lamb’s book of life.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

John sees a new heaven and a new earth, with the old order of things passed away, and the sea — a symbol of chaos and separation — no longer present (v. 1). The New Jerusalem descends from heaven, prepared like a bride, and a voice from the throne announces that God will dwell among His people directly, wiping away every tear, with no more death, mourning, crying, or pain (vv. 2-4). God declares that He is making everything new and that these words are trustworthy (v. 5). The chapter closes with a detailed description of the city's dimensions and gates, built from gold and precious stones, needing no sun or moon because God's glory is its light and the Lamb is its lamp (vv. 9-27).

Authorship & Background

Author: The Apostle John (see Chapter 1 notes for full details).
Historical Context: Chapter 21 is the Bible's grand finale — the new creation. After judgment (ch.20), God makes "all things new" (v.5). The new heaven, new earth, and New Jerusalem descend from God. This chapter answers every longing of the human heart: God dwelling with His people, no more death or tears, all things made new. It is the reversal of Genesis 3 — paradise restored and surpassed. The curse is gone; God's presence is unmediated.
Classification: Apocalyptic Prophecy — The New Heaven and New Earth
Key Themes: a first heaven and first earth passing away and a new one appearing with a single detail singled out, no more sea, a city descending as a bride adorned for her husband rather than being built up from the ground, a repeated refrain of absence naming exactly what is gone, no more tears, death, sorrow, crying or pain, a declaration spoken twice in different tenses, behold, I make all things new, and it is done, and a city measured as a perfect cube some fourteen hundred miles on each side, containing no temple at all because God and the Lamb are themselves the temple
The New Creation (vv.1-8): New heaven and new earth — the first passed away (v.1). No more sea (v.1). The New Jerusalem descends "as a bride adorned for her husband" (v.2). God dwells with men — "the tabernacle of God is with men" (v.3). No more tears, death, sorrow, crying, or pain (v.4). "Behold, I make all things new" (v.5). "It is done" (v.6). Overcomers inherit all things (v.7). The fearful, unbelieving, etc. — the lake of fire (v.8).
The New Jerusalem Described (vv.9-27): The city shown as "the bride, the Lamb's wife" (v.9). Descending from heaven with God's glory (vv.10-11). Twelve gates (tribes of Israel), twelve foundations (apostles) (vv.12-14). Measured: a perfect cube — 12,000 furlongs (about 1,400 miles) in each dimension (vv.15-17). Walls of jasper, city of pure gold like glass (v.18). Foundations adorned with precious stones (vv.19-20). Gates of pearl, streets of gold (v.21). No temple — God and the Lamb are the temple (v.22). No sun or moon — God's glory is the light (v.23). Nations walk in its light (v.24). Gates never shut (v.25). Nothing unclean enters (v.27).

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem (v.2, v.10): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers the new creation, God's dwelling with man, the New Jerusalem's description, and the absence of temple, sun, and tears.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Revelation 21-22 | The New Creation | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

NO MORE TEARS - Revelation 21:4
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org The promise about tears, death and mourning, and what it says has passed away.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Revelation -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • God Dwelling With His People (v.3) — The ultimate goal of redemption arrives: God's presence with His people with no barrier between them. Are you living now in the reality of His nearness, or does He feel distant?
  • Every Tear Wiped Away (v.4) — Death, sorrow, crying, and pain all pass away as God personally removes every tear. Does this hope sustain you in whatever sorrow you're carrying right now?
  • All Things Made New (v.5) — God isn't finished creating; He is actively renewing everything, including His people. What in your life most needs His renewing touch today?
  • No Building Needed (v.22) — In the new creation there's no temple, because God and the Lamb are present everywhere. You are already called His temple now — does your life reflect that?
  • Only the Written-In Enter (v.27) — Nothing unclean enters the city — only those written in the Lamb's book of life. Is your hope for that final entry resting on Christ, or on something less certain?