Jeremiah — Chapter 33

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1While Jeremiah was still confined in the courtyard of the guard, the word of the LORD came to him a second time:

2“Thus says the LORD who made the earth, the LORD who formed it and established it, the LORD is His name:

3Call to Me, and I will answer and show you great and unsearchable things you do not know.

4For this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says about the houses of this city and the palaces of the kings of Judah that have been torn down for defense against the siege ramps and the sword:

5The Chaldeans are coming to fight and to fill those places with the corpses of the men I will strike down in My anger and in My wrath. I have hidden My face from this city because of all its wickedness.

6Nevertheless, I will bring to it health and healing, and I will heal its people and reveal to them the abundance of peace and truth.

7I will restore Judah and Israel from captivity and will rebuild them as in former times.

8And I will cleanse them from all the iniquity they have committed against Me, and will forgive all their sins of rebellion against Me.

9So this city will bring Me renown, joy, praise, and glory before all the nations of the earth, who will hear of all the good I do for it. They will tremble in awe because of all the goodness and prosperity that I will provide for it.

10This is what the LORD says: In this place you say is a wasteland without man or beast, in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem that are deserted—inhabited by neither man nor beast—there will be heard again

11the sounds of joy and gladness, the voices of the bride and bridegroom, and the voices of those bringing thank offerings into the house of the LORD, saying: ‘Give thanks to the LORD of Hosts, for the LORD is good; His loving devotion endures forever.’ For I will restore the land from captivity as in former times, says the LORD.

12This is what the LORD of Hosts says: In this desolate place, without man or beast, and in all its cities, there will once more be pastures for shepherds to rest their flocks.

13In the cities of the hill country, the foothills, and the Negev, in the land of Benjamin and the cities surrounding Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, the flocks will again pass under the hands of the one who counts them, says the LORD.

14Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will fulfill the gracious promise that I have spoken to the house of Israel and the house of Judah.

15In those days and at that time I will cause to sprout for David a righteous Branch, and He will administer justice and righteousness in the land.

16In those days Judah will be saved, and Jerusalem will dwell securely, and this is the name by which it will be called: The LORD Our Righteousness.

17For this is what the LORD says: David will never lack a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel,

18nor will the priests who are Levites ever fail to have a man before Me to offer burnt offerings, to burn grain offerings, and to present sacrifices.”

19And the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:

20“This is what the LORD says: If you can break My covenant with the day and My covenant with the night, so that day and night cease to occupy their appointed time,

21then My covenant may also be broken with David My servant and with My ministers the Levites who are priests, so that David will not have a son to reign on his throne.

22As the hosts of heaven cannot be counted and as the sand on the seashore cannot be measured, so too will I multiply the descendants of My servant David and the Levites who minister before Me.”

23Moreover, the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:

24“Have you not noticed what these people are saying: ‘The LORD has rejected the two families He had chosen’? So they despise My people and no longer regard them as a nation.

25This is what the LORD says: If I have not established My covenant with the day and the night and the fixed order of heaven and earth,

26then I would also reject the descendants of Jacob and of My servant David, so as not to take from his descendants rulers over the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. For I will restore them from captivity and will have compassion on them.”

1Moreover the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah the second time, while he was yet shut up in the court of the prison, saying,

2Thus saith the LORD the maker thereof, the LORD that formed it, to establish it; the LORD is his name;

3Call unto me, and I will answer thee, and shew thee great and mighty things, which thou knowest not.

4For thus saith the LORD, the God of Israel, concerning the houses of this city, and concerning the houses of the kings of Judah, which are thrown down by the mounts, and by the sword;

5They come to fight with the Chaldeans, but it is to fill them with the dead bodies of men, whom I have slain in mine anger and in my fury, and for all whose wickedness I have hid my face from this city.

6Behold, I will bring it health and cure, and I will cure them, and will reveal unto them the abundance of peace and truth.

7And I will cause the captivity of Judah and the captivity of Israel to return, and will build them, as at the first.

8And I will cleanse them from all their iniquity, whereby they have sinned against me; and I will pardon all their iniquities, whereby they have sinned, and whereby they have transgressed against me.

9And it shall be to me a name of joy, a praise and an honour before all the nations of the earth, which shall hear all the good that I do unto them: and they shall fear and tremble for all the goodness and for all the prosperity that I procure unto it.

10Thus saith the LORD; Again there shall be heard in this place, which ye say shall be desolate without man and without beast, even in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, that are desolate, without man, and without inhabitant, and without beast,

11The voice of joy, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, the voice of them that shall say, Praise the LORD of hosts: for the LORD is good; for his mercy endureth for ever: and of them that shall bring the sacrifice of praise into the house of the LORD. For I will cause to return the captivity of the land, as at the first, saith the LORD.

12Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Again in this place, which is desolate without man and without beast, and in all the cities thereof, shall be an habitation of shepherds causing their flocks to lie down.

13In the cities of the mountains, in the cities of the vale, and in the cities of the south, and in the land of Benjamin, and in the places about Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, shall the flocks pass again under the hands of him that telleth them, saith the LORD.

14Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will perform that good thing which I have promised unto the house of Israel and to the house of Judah.

15In those days, and at that time, will I cause the Branch of righteousness to grow up unto David; and he shall execute judgment and righteousness in the land.

16In those days shall Judah be saved, and Jerusalem shall dwell safely: and this is the name wherewith she shall be called, The LORD our righteousness.

17For thus saith the LORD; David shall never want a man to sit upon the throne of the house of Israel;

18Neither shall the priests the Levites want a man before me to offer burnt offerings, and to kindle meat offerings, and to do sacrifice continually.

19And the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah, saying,

20Thus saith the LORD; If ye can break my covenant of the day, and my covenant of the night, and that there should not be day and night in their season;

21Then may also my covenant be broken with David my servant, that he should not have a son to reign upon his throne; and with the Levites the priests, my ministers.

22As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, neither the sand of the sea measured: so will I multiply the seed of David my servant, and the Levites that minister unto me.

23Moreover the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah, saying,

24Considerest thou not what this people have spoken, saying, The two families which the LORD hath chosen, he hath even cast them off? thus they have despised my people, that they should be no more a nation before them.

25Thus saith the LORD; If my covenant be not with day and night, and if I have not appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth;

26Then will I cast away the seed of Jacob, and David my servant, so that I will not take any of his seed to be rulers over the seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: for I will cause their captivity to return, and have mercy on them.

1Moreover the word of Jehovah came unto Jeremiah the second time, while he was yet shut up in the court of the guard, saying,

2Thus saith Jehovah that doeth it, Jehovah that formeth it to establish it; Jehovah is his name:

3Call unto me, and I will answer thee, and will show thee great things, and difficult, which thou knowest not.

4For thus saith Jehovah, the God of Israel, concerning the houses of this city, and concerning the houses of the kings of Judah, which are broken down [to make a defence] against the mounds and against the sword;

5while [men] come to fight with the Chaldeans, and to fill them with the dead bodies of men, whom I have slain in mine anger and in my wrath, and for all whose wickedness I have hid my face from this city:

6Behold, I will bring it health and cure, and I will cure them; and I will reveal unto them abundance of peace and truth.

7And I will cause the captivity of Judah and the captivity of Israel to return, and will build them, as at the first.

8And I will cleanse them from all their iniquity, whereby they have sinned against me; and I will pardon all their iniquities, whereby they have sinned against me, and whereby they have transgressed against me.

9And [this city] shall be to me for a name of joy, for a praise and for a glory, before all the nations of the earth, which shall hear all the good that I do unto them, and shall fear and tremble for all the good and for all the peace that I procure unto it.

10Thus saith Jehovah: Yet again there shall be heard in this place, whereof ye say, It is waste, without man and without beast, even in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, that are desolate, without man and without inhabitant and without beast,

11the voice of joy and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride, the voice of them that say, Give thanks to Jehovah of hosts, for Jehovah is good, for his lovingkindness [endureth] for ever; [and of them] that bring [sacrifices of] thanksgiving into the house of Jehovah. For I will cause the captivity of the land to return as at the first, saith Jehovah.

12Thus saith Jehovah of hosts: Yet again shall there be in this place, which is waste, without man and without beast, and in all the cities thereof, a habitation of shepherds causing their flocks to lie down.

13In the cities of the hill-country, in the cities of the lowland, and in the cities of the South, and in the land of Benjamin, and in the places about Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, shall the flocks again pass under the hands of him that numbereth them, saith Jehovah.

14Behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will perform that good word which I have spoken concerning the house of Israel and concerning the house of Judah.

15In those days, and at that time, will I cause a Branch of righteousness to grow up unto David; and he shall execute justice and righteousness in the land.

16In those days shall Judah be saved, and Jerusalem shall dwell safely; and this is [the name] whereby she shall be called: Jehovah our righteousness.

17For thus saith Jehovah: David shall never want a man to sit upon the throne of the house of Israel;

18neither shall the priests the Levites want a man before me to offer burnt-offerings, and to burn meal-offerings, and to do sacrifice continually.

19And the word of Jehovah came unto Jeremiah, saying,

20Thus saith Jehovah: If ye can break my covenant of the day, and my covenant of the night, so that there shall not be day and night in their season;

21then may also my covenant be broken with David my servant, that he shall not have a son to reign upon his throne; and with the Levites the priests, my ministers.

22As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, neither the sand of the sea measured; so will I multiply the seed of David my servant, and the Levites that minister unto me.

23And the word of Jehovah came to Jeremiah, saying,

24Considerest thou not what this people have spoken, saying, The two families which Jehovah did choose, he hath cast them off? thus do they despise my people, that they should be no more a nation before them.

25Thus saith Jehovah: If my covenant of day and night [stand] not, if I have not appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth;

26then will I also cast away the seed of Jacob, and of David my servant, so that I will not take of his seed to be rulers over the seed of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: for I will cause their captivity to return, and will have mercy on them.

1The Lord’s message came to Jeremiah a second time while he was still confined in the courtyard of the guardhouse.

2“I, the Lord, do these things. I, the Lord, form the plan to bring them about. I am known as the Lord. I say to you,

3‘Call on me in prayer, and I will answer you. I will show you great and mysterious things that you still do not know about.’

4For I, the Lord God of Israel, have something more to say about the houses in this city and the royal buildings of Judah that have been torn down for defenses against the siege ramps and military incursions of the Babylonians:

5‘The defenders of the city will go out and fight with the Babylonians. But they will only fill those houses and buildings with the dead bodies of the people that I will kill in my anger and my wrath. That will happen because I have decided to turn my back on this city on account of the wicked things they have done.

6But I will most surely heal the wounds of this city and restore it and its people to health. I will show them abundant peace and security.

7I will restore Judah and Israel and will rebuild them as they were in days of old.

8I will purify them from all the sin that they committed against me. I will forgive all their sins that they committed in rebelling against me.

9All the nations will hear about all the good things that I will do for them. This city will bring me fame, honor, and praise before them for the joy that I bring it. The nations will tremble in awe at all the peace and prosperity that I will provide for it.’

10“I, the Lord, say: ‘You and your people are saying about this place, “It lies in ruins. There are no people or animals in it.” That is true. The towns of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem will soon be desolate, uninhabited either by people or by animals. But happy sounds will again be heard in these places.

11Once again there will be sounds of joy and gladness and the glad celebrations of brides and grooms. Once again people will bring their thank offerings to the temple of the Lord and will say, “Give thanks to the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. For the Lord is good and his unfailing love lasts forever.” For I, the Lord, affirm that I will restore the land to what it was in days of old.’

12“I, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, say: ‘This place will indeed lie in ruins. There will be no people or animals in it. But there will again be in it and in its towns sheepfolds where shepherds can rest their sheep.

13I, the Lord, say that shepherds will once again count their sheep as they pass into the fold. They will do this in all the towns in the hill country, the foothills, the Negev, the territory of Benjamin, the villages surrounding Jerusalem, and the towns of Judah.’

14“I, the Lord, affirm: ‘The time will certainly come when I will fulfill my gracious promise concerning the nations of Israel and Judah.

15In those days and at that time I will raise up for them a righteous descendant of David.“‘He will do what is just and right in the land.

16Under his rule Judah will enjoy safety and Jerusalem will live in security. At that time Jerusalem will be called “The Lord has provided us with justice.”

17For I, the Lord, promise: “David will never lack a successor to occupy the throne over the nation of Israel.

18Nor will the Levitical priests ever lack someone to stand before me and continually offer up burnt offerings, sacrifice cereal offerings, and offer the other sacrifices.”’”

19The Lord’s message came to Jeremiah another time:

20“I, the Lord, make the following promise: ‘I have made a covenant with the day and with the night that they will always come at their proper times. Only if you people could break that covenant

21could my covenant with my servant David and my covenant with the Levites ever be broken. So David will by all means always have a descendant to occupy his throne as king and the Levites will by all means always have priests who will minister before me.

22I will make the children who follow one another in the line of my servant David very numerous. I will also make the Levites who minister before me very numerous. I will make them all as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sands that are on the seashore.’”

23The Lord’s message came to Jeremiah another time:

24“You have surely noticed what these people are saying, haven’t you? They are saying, ‘The Lord has rejected the two families of Israel and Judah that he chose.’ So they have little regard that my people will ever again be a nation.

25But I, the Lord, make the following promise: ‘I have made a covenant governing the coming of day and night. I have established the fixed laws governing heaven and earth.

26Just as surely as I have done this, so surely will I never reject the descendants of Jacob. Nor will I ever refuse to choose one of my servant David’s descendants to rule over the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Indeed, I will restore them and show mercy to them.’”

1Moreover Yahweh’s word came to Jeremiah the second time, while he was still locked up in the court of the guard, saying,

2“Yahweh who does it, Yahweh who forms it to establish it—Yahweh is his name, says:

3‘Call to me, and I will answer you, and will show you great and difficult things, which you don’t know.’

4For Yahweh, the God of Israel, says concerning the houses of this city and concerning the houses of the kings of Judah, which are broken down to make a defense against the mounds and against the sword;

5while men come to fight with the Chaldeans, and to fill them with the dead bodies of men, whom I have killed in my anger and in my wrath, and for all whose wickedness I have hidden my face from this city:

6‘Behold, I will bring it health and cure, and I will cure them; and I will reveal to them abundance of peace and truth.

7I will cause the captivity of Judah and the captivity of Israel to return, and will build them, as at the first.

8I will cleanse them from all their iniquity by which they have sinned against me. I will pardon all their iniquities by which they have sinned against me and by which they have transgressed against me.

9This city will be to me for a name of joy, for praise, and for glory, before all the nations of the earth, which will hear all the good that I do to them, and will fear and tremble for all the good and for all the peace that I provide to it.’”

10Yahweh says: “Yet again there will be heard in this place, about which you say, ‘It is waste, without man and without animal, even in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, that are desolate, without man and without inhabitant and without animal,’

11the voice of joy and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride, the voice of those who say, ‘Give thanks to Yahweh of Armies, for Yahweh is good, for his loving kindness endures forever;’ who bring thanksgiving into Yahweh’s house. For I will cause the captivity of the land to be reversed as at the first,” says Yahweh.

12Yahweh of Armies says: “Yet again there will be in this place, which is waste, without man and without animal, and in all its cities, a habitation of shepherds causing their flocks to lie down.

13In the cities of the hill country, in the cities of the lowland, in the cities of the South, in the land of Benjamin, in the places around Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, the flocks will again pass under the hands of him who counts them,” says Yahweh.

14“Behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will perform that good word which I have spoken concerning the house of Israel and concerning the house of Judah.

15“In those days and at that time, I will cause a Branch of righteousness to grow up to David. He will execute justice and righteousness in the land.

16In those days Judah will be saved, and Jerusalem will dwell safely. This is the name by which she will be called: Yahweh our righteousness.”

17For Yahweh says: “David will never lack a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel.

18The priests the Levites won’t lack a man before me to offer burnt offerings, to burn meal offerings, and to do sacrifice continually.”

19Yahweh’s word came to Jeremiah, saying,

20“Yahweh says: ‘If you can break my covenant of the day and my covenant of the night, so that there will not be day and night in their time;

21then may my covenant also be broken with David my servant, that he won’t have a son to reign on his throne; and with the Levites the priests, my ministers.

22As the army of the sky can’t be counted, and the sand of the sea can’t be measured; so I will multiply the offspring of David my servant and the Levites who minister to me.’”

23Yahweh’s word came to Jeremiah, saying,

24“Don’t consider what this people has spoken, saying, ‘Has Yahweh cast off the two families which he chose?’ Thus they despise my people, that they should be no more a nation before them.”

25Yahweh says: “If my covenant of day and night fails, if I have not appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth;

26then I will also cast away the offspring of Jacob, and of David my servant, so that I will not take of his offspring to be rulers over the offspring of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: for I will cause their captivity to be reversed and will have mercy on them.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

While Jeremiah is still confined during the siege, God invites him to call out and be shown great and hidden things he does not yet know (v. 3). God promises that Jerusalem will be healed and restored, its ruins rebuilt, and its former joy and celebration returned in full (vv. 6-11). Flocks will again pasture safely in the land, and cities of Judah will again know prosperity (vv. 12-13). Central to the chapter is the promise of a righteous Branch to spring from David, executing justice, along with an assurance that the Levitical priesthood will never lack someone to serve before God, both promises anchored to the fixed, unbreakable order of day and night (vv. 14-22).

Authorship & Background

Author: Jeremiah son of Hilkiah (see Chapter 1 notes for full details).
Classification: Prophetic Salvation Oracle — Book of Consolation Conclusion (chs. 30-33)
Key Themes: "Call unto me and I will answer," hidden things revealed, healing and restoration, the Branch of Righteousness, the Davidic and Levitical covenants as certain as day/night, permanent priesthood and kingship
Historical Context: Still imprisoned in the court of the guard (v.1), still during the siege, God gives another word of hope. This chapter concludes the "Book of Consolation" (chs.30-33). The famous v.3 ("Call unto me...") is God's invitation during the darkest hour — from prison during a siege, God offers revelation. The chapter repeats the Righteous Branch promise (23:5-6) and adds the Levitical covenant's permanence. Together, both king (David's line) and priest (Levi's line) are guaranteed permanent succession — both fulfilled in Christ as King-Priest.
Call Unto Me (vv.1-3): The second word came to him while he was yet shut up in the court of the prison, which the text repeats so that the setting is not mislaid. Call unto me, and I will answer thee, and shew thee great and mighty things, which thou knowest not. The verse is usually quoted as a general promise about prayer, and its weight comes from where it was spoken: to a prisoner, in a city that had weeks left.
I Will Bring It Health and Cure (vv.4-9): It opens with the demolition already under way, houses thrown down to make defences against the mounts and the sword, and then turns, behold, I will bring it health and cure, and I will reveal unto them abundance of peace and truth. What is promised goes past restoration to reputation, and it shall be to me a name of joy, a praise and an honour before all the nations of the earth, which shall hear all the good that I do unto them, and they shall fear and tremble for all the goodness and for all the prosperity that I procure unto it. The nations are moved by the goodness rather than by the judgment, which is the reverse of the usual direction in these books.
The Voice of the Bridegroom Again (vv.10-13): The sounds canceled at 7:34 and 16:9 are restored item by item, the voice of joy, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, and one is added that was not on the original list, the voice of them that shall say, Praise the LORD of hosts, for he is good, for his mercy endureth for ever. Then the pastures fill again, and the closing image is a working detail rather than a poetic one, the flocks shall pass again under the hands of him that telleth them, which is a shepherd counting animals into the fold.
The Branch of Righteousness (vv.14-16): The promise of 23:5-6 repeated, with one change that is easy to miss. There the name The LORD Our Righteousness was given to the king. Here it is given to the city, and this is the name wherewith she shall be called, The LORD our righteousness. The title moves from the person to the place, which is the same movement Ezekiel makes in the last verse of his book when he names his city The LORD is there.
David and Levi (vv.17-22): David shall never want a man to sit upon the throne of the house of Israel, neither shall the priests the Levites want a man before me to offer burnt offerings. Then the guarantee, in the same form as 31:35-37, if ye can break my covenant of the day, and my covenant of the night, then may my covenant be broken with David my servant. And the increase is measured against the two things nobody can count, as the host of heaven cannot be numbered, neither the sand of the sea measured, so will I multiply the seed of David my servant, and the Levites.
The Two Families (vv.23-26): The chapter ends by quoting something being said in the street, considerest thou not what this people have spoken, saying, The two families which the LORD hath chosen, he hath even cast them off. The two families are Israel and Judah, and the complaint is that the election has simply been canceled. The reply is cosmological again, if my covenant be not with day and night, and if I have not appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth, then will I cast away the seed of Jacob. That is the third time in four chapters that the promise is anchored to the physical order, which is a fair measure of how badly it needed anchoring.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem (v.10, v.13, v.16): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Jeremiah 33 - Bible Study, Explanation, and Application
2BeLikeChrist

The Prophet In Prison - Jeremiah 32-33
David Guzik

Jeremiah 32-33 | Jeremiah’s Interrogation | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Jeremiah -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • An Invitation to Call, Spoken From Prison (v.3) — God tells Jeremiah, still imprisoned during the siege, to call on Him and He will answer and show him great and hidden things he doesn't yet know. What hard circumstance is making you hesitate to call out to God, when it might actually be the invitation to call louder?
  • Healing Promised in the Middle of Ruin (vv.4-9) — Even while describing houses being torn down for the siege, God promises health, healing, and abundant peace and truth to come. What area of your life feels like it's being torn down right now that you need to trust God is planning to heal?
  • Joy Coming Back to a Silent Place (v.11) — God promises that the sounds of joy, gladness, and celebration will return to a city that had gone silent with grief. If your life currently feels like it's missing those sounds, can you trust they're not gone for good?
  • A Promise That Grows Rather Than Appears (v.15) — The Branch of Righteousness doesn't arrive instantly — it grows up, in God's timing and process. Where are you tempted to rush something in your life that God is actually growing slowly and deliberately?
  • A Covenant as Reliable as Sunrise (vv.20-21) — God ties His covenant faithfulness to the fixed cycle of day and night, something no one can disrupt. What promise of God do you need to trust as being that dependable, whether or not you can currently see it fulfilled?