John — Chapter 12

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1Then Jesus six days before the passover came to Bethany, where Lazarus was which had been dead, whom he raised from the dead.

2There they made him a supper; and Martha served: but Lazarus was one of them that sat at the table with him.

3Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair: and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment.

4Then saith one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, which should betray him,

5Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence, and given to the poor?

6This he said, not that he cared for the poor; but because he was a thief, and had the bag, and bare what was put therein.

7Then said Jesus, Let her alone: against the day of my burying hath she kept this.

8For the poor always ye have with you; but me ye have not always.

9Much people of the Jews therefore knew that he was there: and they came not for Jesus’ sake only, but that they might see Lazarus also, whom he had raised from the dead.

10But the chief priests consulted that they might put Lazarus also to death;

11Because that by reason of him many of the Jews went away, and believed on Jesus.

12On the next day much people that were come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem,

13Took branches of palm trees, and went forth to meet him, and cried, Hosanna: Blessed is the King of Israel that cometh in the name of the Lord.

14And Jesus, when he had found a young ass, sat thereon; as it is written,

15Fear not, daughter of Sion: behold, thy King cometh, sitting on an ass’s colt.

16These things understood not his disciples at the first: but when Jesus was glorified, then remembered they that these things were written of him, and that they had done these things unto him.

17The people therefore that was with him when he called Lazarus out of his grave, and raised him from the dead, bare record.

18For this cause the people also met him, for that they heard that he had done this miracle.

19The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, Perceive ye how ye prevail nothing? behold, the world is gone after him.

20And there were certain Greeks among them that came up to worship at the feast:

21The same came therefore to Philip, which was of Bethsaida of Galilee, and desired him, saying, Sir, we would see Jesus.

22Philip cometh and telleth Andrew: and again Andrew and Philip tell Jesus.

23And Jesus answered them, saying, The hour is come, that the Son of man should be glorified.

24Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit.

25He that loveth his life shall lose it; and he that hateth his life in this world shall keep it unto life eternal.

26If any man serve me, let him follow me; and where I am, there shall also my servant be: if any man serve me, him will my Father honour.

27Now is my soul troubled; and what shall I say? Father, save me from this hour: but for this cause came I unto this hour.

28Father, glorify thy name. Then came there a voice from heaven, saying, I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again.

29The people therefore, that stood by, and heard it, said that it thundered: others said, An angel spake to him.

30Jesus answered and said, This voice came not because of me, but for your sakes.

31Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out.

32And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me.

33This he said, signifying what death he should die.

34The people answered him, We have heard out of the law that Christ abideth for ever: and how sayest thou, The Son of man must be lifted up? who is this Son of man?

35Then Jesus said unto them, Yet a little while is the light with you. Walk while ye have the light, lest darkness come upon you: for he that walketh in darkness knoweth not whither he goeth.

36While ye have light, believe in the light, that ye may be the children of light. These things spake Jesus, and departed, and did hide himself from them.

37But though he had done so many miracles before them, yet they believed not on him:

38That the saying of Esaias the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spake, Lord, who hath believed our report? and to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed?

39Therefore they could not believe, because that Esaias said again,

40He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart; that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them.

41These things said Esaias, when he saw his glory, and spake of him.

42Nevertheless among the chief rulers also many believed on him; but because of the Pharisees they did not confess him, lest they should be put out of the synagogue:

43For they loved the praise of men more than the praise of God.

44Jesus cried and said, He that believeth on me, believeth not on me, but on him that sent me.

45And he that seeth me seeth him that sent me.

46I am come a light into the world, that whosoever believeth on me should not abide in darkness.

47And if any man hear my words, and believe not, I judge him not: for I came not to judge the world, but to save the world.

48He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that judgeth him: the word that I have spoken, the same shall judge him in the last day.

49For I have not spoken of myself; but the Father which sent me, he gave me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak.

50And I know that his commandment is life everlasting: whatsoever I speak therefore, even as the Father said unto me, so I speak.

1Jesus therefore six days before the passover came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, whom Jesus raised from the dead.

2So they made him a supper there: and Martha served; but Lazarus was one of them that sat at meat with him.

3Mary therefore took a pound of ointment of pure nard, very precious, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair: and the house was filled with the odor of the ointment.

4But Judas Iscariot, one of his disciples, that should betray him, saith,

5Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred shillings, and given to the poor?

6Now this he said, not because he cared for the poor; but because he was a thief, and having the bag took away what was put therein.

7Jesus therefore said, Suffer her to keep it against the day of my burying.

8For the poor ye have always with you; but me ye have not always.

9The common people therefore of the Jews learned that he was there: and they came, not for Jesus` sake only, but that they might see Lazarus also, whom he had raised from the dead.

10But the chief priests took counsel that they might put Lazarus also to death;

11because that by reason of him many of the Jews went away, and believed on Jesus.

12On the morrow a great multitude that had come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem,

13took the branches of the palm trees, and went forth to meet him, and cried out, Hosanna: Blessed [is] he that cometh in the name of the Lord, even the King of Israel.

14And Jesus, having found a young ass, sat thereon; as it is written,

15Fear not, daughter of Zion: behold, thy King cometh, sitting on an ass`s colt.

16These things understood not his disciples at the first: but when Jesus was glorified, then remembered they that these things were written of him, and that they had done these things unto him.

17The multitude therefore that was with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb, and raised him from the dead, bare witness.

18For this cause also the multitude went and met him, for that they heard that he had done this sign.

19The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, Behold how ye prevail nothing: lo, the world is gone after him.

20Now there were certain Greeks among those that went up to worship at the feast:

21these therefore came to Philip, who was of Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, Sir, we would see Jesus.

22Philip cometh and telleth Andrew: Andrew cometh, and Philip, and they tell Jesus.

23And Jesus answereth them, saying, The hour is come, that the Son of man should be glorified.

24Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die, it abideth by itself alone; but if it die, it beareth much fruit.

25He that loveth his life loseth it; and he that hateth his life in this world shall keep it unto life eternal.

26If any man serve me, let him follow me; and where I am, there shall also my servant be: if any man serve me, him will the Father honor.

27Now is my soul troubled; and what shall I say? Father, save me from this hour. But for this cause came I unto this hour.

28Father, glorify thy name. There came therefore a voice out of heaven, [saying], I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again.

29The multitude therefore, that stood by, and heard it, said that it had thundered: others said, An angel hath spoken to him.

30Jesus answered and said, This voice hath not come for my sake, but for your sakes.

31Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out.

32And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto myself.

33But this he said, signifying by what manner of death he should die.

34The multitude therefore answered him, We have heard out of the law that the Christ abideth for ever: and how sayest thou, The Son of man must be lifted up? who is this Son of man?

35Jesus therefore said unto them, Yet a little while is the light among you. Walk while ye have the light, that darkness overtake you not: and he that walketh in the darkness knoweth not whither he goeth.

36While ye have the light, believe on the light, that ye may become sons of light. These things spake Jesus, and he departed and hid himself from them.

37But though he had done so many signs before them, yet they believed not on him:

38that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spake, Lord, who hath believed our report? And to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed?

39For this cause they could not believe, for that Isaiah said again,

40He hath blinded their eyes, and he hardened their heart; Lest they should see with their eyes, and perceive with their heart, And should turn, And I should heal them.

41These things said Isaiah, because he saw his glory; and he spake of him.

42Nevertheless even of the rulers many believed on him; but because of the Pharisees they did not confess [it], lest they should be put out of the synagogue:

43for they loved the glory [that is] of men more than the glory [that is] of God.

44And Jesus cried and said, He that believeth on me, believeth not on me, but on him that sent me.

45And he that beholdeth me beholdeth him that sent me.

46I am come a light into the world, that whosoever believeth on me may not abide in the darkness.

47And if any man hear my sayings, and keep them not, I judge him not: for I came not to judge the world, but to save the world.

48He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my sayings, hath one that judgeth him: the word that I spake, the same shall judge him in the last day.

49For I spake not from myself; but the Father that sent me, he hath given me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak.

50And I know that his commandment is life eternal: the things therefore which I speak, even as the Father hath said unto me, so I speak.

1Then, six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus lived, whom he had raised from the dead.

2So they prepared a dinner for Jesus there. Martha was serving, and Lazarus was among those present at the table with him.

3Then Mary took three quarters of a pound of expensive aromatic oil from pure nard and anointed the feet of Jesus. She then wiped his feet dry with her hair. (Now the house was filled with the fragrance of the perfumed oil.)

4But Judas Iscariot, one of his disciples (the one who was going to betray him) said,

5“Why wasn’t this oil sold for 300 silver coins and the money given to the poor?”

6(Now Judas said this not because he was concerned about the poor, but because he was a thief. As keeper of the money box, he used to steal what was put into it.)

7So Jesus said, “Leave her alone. She has kept it for the day of my burial.

8For you will always have the poor with you, but you will not always have me!”

9Now a large crowd of Judeans learned that Jesus was there, and so they came not only because of him but also to see Lazarus whom he had raised from the dead.

10So the chief priests planned to kill Lazarus too,

11for on account of him many of the Jewish people from Jerusalem were going away and believing in Jesus.

12The next day the large crowd that had come to the feast heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem.

13So they took branches of palm trees and went out to meet him. They began to shout, “Hosanna! Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord! Blessed is the king of Israel!”

14Jesus found a young donkey and sat on it, just as it is written,

15“Do not be afraid, people of Zion; look, your king is coming, seated on a donkey’s colt!”

16(His disciples did not understand these things when they first happened, but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things were written about him and that these things had happened to him.)

17So the crowd who had been with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb and raised him from the dead were continuing to testify about it.

18Because they had heard that Jesus had performed this miraculous sign, the crowd went out to meet him.

19Thus the Pharisees said to one another, “You see that you can do nothing. Look, the world has run off after him!”

20Now some Greeks were among those who had gone up to worship at the feast.

21So these approached Philip, who was from Bethsaida in Galilee, and requested, “Sir, we would like to see Jesus.”

22Philip went and told Andrew, and they both went and told Jesus.

23Jesus replied, “The time has come for the Son of Man to be glorified.

24I tell you the solemn truth, unless a kernel of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains by itself alone. But if it dies, it produces much grain.

25The one who loves his life destroys it, and the one who hates his life in this world guards it for eternal life.

26If anyone wants to serve me, he must follow me, and where I am, my servant will be too. If anyone serves me, the Father will honor him.

27“Now my soul is greatly distressed. And what should I say? ‘Father, deliver me from this hour’? No, but for this very reason I have come to this hour.

28Father, glorify your name.” Then a voice came from heaven, “I have glorified it, and I will glorify it again.”

29The crowd that stood there and heard the voice said that it had thundered. Others said that an angel had spoken to him.

30Jesus said, “This voice has not come for my benefit but for yours.

31Now is the judgment of this world; now the ruler of this world will be driven out.

32And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.”

33(Now he said this to indicate clearly what kind of death he was going to die.)

34Then the crowd responded, “We have heard from the law that the Christ will remain forever. How can you say, ‘The Son of Man must be lifted up’? Who is this Son of Man?”

35Jesus replied, “The light is with you for a little while longer. Walk while you have the light, so that the darkness may not overtake you. The one who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going.

36While you have the light, believe in the light, so that you may become sons of light.” When Jesus had said these things, he went away and hid himself from them.

37Although Jesus had performed so many miraculous signs before them, they still refused to believe in him,

38so that the word of the prophet Isaiah would be fulfilled. He said, “Lord, who has believed our message, and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?”

39For this reason they could not believe because again Isaiah said,

40“He has blinded their eyes and hardened their heart, so that they would not see with their eyes and understand with their heart, and turn to me, and I would heal them.”

41Isaiah said these things because he saw Christ’s glory and spoke about him.

42Nevertheless, even among the rulers many believed in him, but because of the Pharisees they would not confess Jesus to be the Christ, so that they would not be put out of the synagogue.

43For they loved praise from men more than praise from God.

44But Jesus shouted out, “The one who believes in me does not believe in me, but in the one who sent me,

45and the one who sees me sees the one who sent me.

46I have come as a light into the world, so that everyone who believes in me should not remain in darkness.

47If anyone hears my words and does not obey them, I do not judge him. For I have not come to judge the world, but to save the world.

48The one who rejects me and does not accept my words has a judge; the word I have spoken will judge him at the last day.

49For I have not spoken from my own authority, but the Father himself who sent me has commanded me what I should say and what I should speak.

50And I know that his commandment is eternal life. Thus the things I say, I say just as the Father has told me.”

1Then six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, who had been dead, whom he raised from the dead.

2So they made him a supper there. Martha served, but Lazarus was one of those who sat at the table with him.

3Mary, therefore, took a pound of ointment of pure nard, very precious, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair. The house was filled with the fragrance of the ointment.

4Then Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, one of his disciples, who would betray him, said,

5“Why wasn’t this ointment sold for three hundred denarii, and given to the poor?”

6Now he said this, not because he cared for the poor, but because he was a thief, and having the money box, used to steal what was put into it.

7But Jesus said, “Leave her alone. She has kept this for the day of my burial.

8For you always have the poor with you, but you don’t always have me.”

9A large crowd therefore of the Jews learned that he was there, and they came, not for Jesus’ sake only, but that they might see Lazarus also, whom he had raised from the dead.

10But the chief priests conspired to put Lazarus to death also,

11because on account of him many of the Jews went away and believed in Jesus.

12On the next day a great multitude had come to the feast. When they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem,

13they took the branches of the palm trees, and went out to meet him, and cried out, “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, the King of Israel!”

14Jesus, having found a young donkey, sat on it. As it is written,

15“Don’t be afraid, daughter of Zion. Behold, your King comes, sitting on a donkey’s colt.”

16His disciples didn’t understand these things at first, but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things were written about him, and that they had done these things to him.

17The multitude therefore that was with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb, and raised him from the dead, was testifying about it.

18For this cause also the multitude went and met him, because they heard that he had done this sign.

19The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, “See how you accomplish nothing. Behold, the world has gone after him.”

20Now there were certain Greeks among those that went up to worship at the feast.

21These, therefore, came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, “Sir, we want to see Jesus.”

22Philip came and told Andrew, and in turn, Andrew came with Philip, and they told Jesus.

23Jesus answered them, “The time has come for the Son of Man to be glorified.

24Most certainly I tell you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains by itself alone. But if it dies, it bears much fruit.

25He who loves his life will lose it. He who hates his life in this world will keep it to eternal life.

26If anyone serves me, let him follow me. Where I am, there will my servant also be. If anyone serves me, the Father will honor him.

27“Now my soul is troubled. What shall I say? ‘Father, save me from this time?’ But for this cause I came to this time.

28Father, glorify your name!” Then there came a voice out of the sky, saying, “I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again.”

29The multitude therefore, who stood by and heard it, said that it had thundered. Others said, “An angel has spoken to him.”

30Jesus answered, “This voice hasn’t come for my sake, but for your sakes.

31Now is the judgment of this world. Now the prince of this world will be cast out.

32And I, if I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.”

33But he said this, signifying by what kind of death he should die.

34The multitude answered him, “We have heard out of the law that the Christ remains forever. How do you say, ‘The Son of Man must be lifted up?’ Who is this Son of Man?”

35Jesus therefore said to them, “Yet a little while the light is with you. Walk while you have the light, that darkness doesn’t overtake you. He who walks in the darkness doesn’t know where he is going.

36While you have the light, believe in the light, that you may become children of light.” Jesus said these things, and he departed and hid himself from them.

37But though he had done so many signs before them, yet they didn’t believe in him,

38that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spoke, “Lord, who has believed our report? To whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?”

39For this cause they couldn’t believe, for Isaiah said again,

40“He has blinded their eyes and he hardened their heart, lest they should see with their eyes, and perceive with their heart, and would turn, and I would heal them.”

41Isaiah said these things when he saw his glory, and spoke of him.

42Nevertheless even of the rulers many believed in him, but because of the Pharisees they didn’t confess it, so that they wouldn’t be put out of the synagogue,

43for they loved men’s praise more than God’s praise.

44Jesus cried out and said, “Whoever believes in me, believes not in me, but in him who sent me.

45He who sees me sees him who sent me.

46I have come as a light into the world, that whoever believes in me may not remain in the darkness.

47If anyone listens to my sayings, and doesn’t believe, I don’t judge him. For I came not to judge the world, but to save the world.

48He who rejects me, and doesn’t receive my sayings, has one who judges him. The word that I spoke, the same will judge him in the last day.

49For I spoke not from myself, but the Father who sent me, he gave me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak.

50I know that his commandment is eternal life. The things therefore which I speak, even as the Father has said to me, so I speak.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Mary anoints Jesus' feet with costly perfume, He enters Jerusalem to palm branches and "Hosanna," Greeks seek Him, He speaks of His death as a grain of wheat falling into the ground, and the Father's voice thunders from heaven.

Authorship & Background

Author: The Apostle John (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 12 marks the transition from Jesus' public ministry to His final week. It contains four significant events: Mary's anointing of Jesus (vv.1-8), the Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem (vv.12-19), the arrival of Greeks seeking Jesus (vv.20-36), and John's theological summary of Israel's unbelief (vv.37-50).
The Triumphal Entry: Jesus entered Jerusalem on a donkey, fulfilling Zechariah 9:9. The crowd waved palm branches and shouted "Hosanna" — a Hebrew word meaning "Save now!" (Psalm 118:25-26). They expected a political deliverer; Jesus came as a suffering servant. The same crowd would cry "Crucify Him" within the week.
The Greeks Seeking Jesus (vv.20-22): The arrival of Gentiles seeking Jesus triggers His declaration "The hour is come" — the moment He had been pointing toward throughout John's Gospel. Their arrival signals that the Gospel is about to break beyond Israel to the whole world.
The Grain of Wheat (v.24): Jesus uses this agricultural image to explain His death — a seed must die to produce a harvest. His death is not defeat but the necessary path to multiplication.

Map & Geography

  • Bethany (v.1): Six days before Passover, Jesus was honored with a dinner in Bethany. Mary anointed His feet with costly ointment.
  • Jerusalem (v.12): The triumphal entry — Jesus rode from the Mount of Olives down into Jerusalem while crowds waved palm branches.
  • The Temple (implied): Greeks came to Jerusalem for Passover and sought to see Jesus.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines Mary's extravagant worship, the Triumphal Entry's fulfillment of prophecy, the grain of wheat principle, and the theological significance of Isaiah 6 being applied to Christ in v.41.
  • Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "The Grain of Wheat" on v.24 (MTP Vol. 37, No. 2196) "The corn of wheat must die. There is no other way. And so must you die to self, to sin, to the world — if you are to bring forth fruit. The cross is not just Christ's path; it is the pattern for every disciple." Sermon: "The Praise of Men" on v.43 (MTP Vol. 9, No. 497) "They loved the praise of men more than the praise of God. This is the besetting sin of religious people — not gross immorality but the subtle idolatry of reputation. They believed — but they would not confess."

Videos

David Guzik — Enduring Word Video Series (John)

YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_QIfO0mxbX4zgQH4vuK6q1q7gu8Ok6tz John 12:1-19 - Prepared for Burial: John 12:20-50 - Prepared for Sacrifice:

Reflection

  • 1. Mary poured out an entire year's wages on Jesus' feet — an act of extravagant, wasteful-looking worship. Judas called it waste. Jesus called it beautiful. What does extravagant devotion to Christ look like in your life? Is there anything you're holding back from Him?
  • 2. "He that loveth his life shall lose it" (v.25). The man who grips his life tightly — his comfort, his reputation, his plans — loses it. The man who holds it loosely gains eternal life. What are you gripping too tightly right now?
  • 3. "They loved the praise of men more than the praise of God" (v.43). This is the diagnosis of men who believed but wouldn't confess. Is there an area of your faith you're keeping private because of what others would think? What would it cost you to be more open?
  • 4. The grain of wheat must die to produce fruit (v.24). What in your life needs to die — a habit, an ambition, a relationship pattern, a version of yourself — so that something fruitful can grow?
  • 5. Judas objected to Mary's "waste" of expensive ointment, claiming concern for the poor — but John tells us he was a thief (v.6). How do you discern when someone's objection to generosity or worship is genuine concern vs. a cover for selfish motives? How do you check your own motives?
  • 6. The crowd shouted "Hosanna" and waved palms — and within days cried "Crucify Him." What does this tell you about the danger of crowd-driven faith? How do you guard against a faith that rises and falls with the emotional temperature of those around you?
  • 7. The Greeks said "Sir, we would see Jesus" (v.21). That is still the deepest need of every person. When people encounter you, do they get closer to seeing Jesus, or further away? What would need to change for your life to be a clearer window to Christ?
  • 8. Jesus said "Now is my soul troubled" (v.27) — and then immediately said "Father, glorify thy name." He moved from honest acknowledgment of anguish to surrender to God's purpose. How do you move from honest prayer about your pain to surrender? What does that look like practically?
  • 9. Isaiah saw Christ's glory and spoke of Him (v.41). The entire Old Testament points to Jesus. How does knowing that the whole Bible is about Christ change how you read the Old Testament?