John — Chapter 19
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1Then Pilate took Jesus and had Him flogged.
2The soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns, set it on His head, and dressed Him in a purple robe.
3And they went up to Him again and again, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and slapping Him in the face.
4Once again Pilate came out and said to the Jews, “Look, I am bringing Him out to you to let you know that I find no basis for a charge against Him.”
5When Jesus came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe, Pilate said to them, “Here is the man!”
6As soon as the chief priests and officers saw Him, they shouted, “Crucify Him! Crucify Him!” “You take Him and crucify Him,” Pilate replied, “for I find no basis for a charge against Him.”
7“We have a law,” answered the Jews, “and according to that law He must die, because He declared Himself to be the Son of God.”
8When Pilate heard this statement, he was even more afraid,
9and he went back into the Praetorium. “Where are You from?” he asked. But Jesus gave no answer.
10So Pilate said to Him, “Do You refuse to speak to me? Do You not know that I have authority to release You and authority to crucify You?”
11Jesus answered, “You would have no authority over Me if it were not given to you from above. Therefore the one who handed Me over to you is guilty of greater sin.”
12From then on, Pilate tried to release Him, but the Jews kept shouting, “If you release this man, you are no friend of Caesar. Anyone who declares himself a king is defying Caesar.”
13When Pilate heard these words, he brought Jesus out and sat on the judgment seat at a place called the Stone Pavement, which in Hebrew is Gabbatha.
14It was the day of Preparation for the Passover, about the sixth hour. And Pilate said to the Jews, “Here is your King!”
15At this, they shouted, “Away with Him! Away with Him! Crucify Him!” “Shall I crucify your King?” Pilate asked. “We have no king but Caesar,” replied the chief priests.
16Then Pilate handed Jesus over to be crucified, and the soldiers took Him away.
17Carrying His own cross, He went out to The Place of the Skull, which in Hebrew is called Golgotha.
18There they crucified Him, and with Him two others, one on each side, with Jesus in the middle.
19Pilate also had a notice posted on the cross. It read: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.
20Many of the Jews read this sign, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.
21So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but only that He said, ‘I am the King of the Jews.’”
22Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”
23When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they divided His garments into four parts, one for each soldier, with the tunic remaining. It was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom.
24So they said to one another, “Let us not tear it. Instead, let us cast lots to see who will get it.” This was to fulfill the Scripture: “They divided My garments among them, and cast lots for My clothing.” So that is what the soldiers did.
25Near the cross of Jesus stood His mother and her sister, as well as Mary the wife of Clopas and Mary Magdalene.
26When Jesus saw His mother and the disciple whom He loved standing nearby, He said to His mother, “Woman, here is your son.”
27Then He said to the disciple, “Here is your mother.” So from that hour, this disciple took her into his home.
28After this, knowing that everything had now been accomplished, and to fulfill the Scripture, Jesus said, “I am thirsty.”
29A jar of sour wine was sitting there. So they soaked a sponge in the wine, put it on a stalk of hyssop, and lifted it to His mouth.
30When Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished.” And bowing His head, He yielded up His spirit.
31It was the day of Preparation, and the next day was a High Sabbath. In order that the bodies would not remain on the cross during the Sabbath, the Jews asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies removed.
32So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first man who had been crucified with Jesus, and those of the other.
33But when they came to Jesus and saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs.
34Instead, one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water flowed out.
35The one who saw it has testified to this, and his testimony is true. He knows that he is telling the truth, so that you also may believe.
36Now these things happened so that the Scripture would be fulfilled: “Not one of His bones will be broken.”
37And, as another Scripture says: “They will look on the One they have pierced.”
38Afterward, Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple of Jesus (but secretly for fear of the Jews), asked Pilate to let him remove the body of Jesus. Pilate gave him permission, so he came and removed His body.
39Nicodemus, who had previously come to Jesus at night, also brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds.
40So they took the body of Jesus and wrapped it in linen cloths with the spices, according to the Jewish burial custom.
41Now there was a garden in the place where Jesus was crucified, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid.
42And because it was the Jewish day of Preparation and the tomb was nearby, they placed Jesus there.
1Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him.
2And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, and they put on him a purple robe,
3And said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they smote him with their hands.
4Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him forth to you, that ye may know that I find no fault in him.
5Then came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and the purple robe. And Pilate saith unto them, Behold the man!
6When the chief priests therefore and officers saw him, they cried out, saying, Crucify him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Take ye him, and crucify him: for I find no fault in him.
7The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.
8When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he was the more afraid;
9And went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer.
10Then saith Pilate unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest thou not that I have power to crucify thee, and have power to release thee?
11Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin.
12And from thenceforth Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying, If thou let this man go, thou art not Caesar’s friend: whosoever maketh himself a king speaketh against Caesar.
13When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha.
14And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King!
15But they cried out, Away with him, away with him, crucify him. Pilate saith unto them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king but Caesar.
16Then delivered he him therefore unto them to be crucified. And they took Jesus, and led him away.
17And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha:
18Where they crucified him, and two others with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.
19And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS.
20This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin.
21Then said the chief priests of the Jews to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews.
22Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.
23Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout.
24They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the soldiers did.
25Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.
26When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son!
27Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour that disciple took her unto his own home.
28After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.
29Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a spunge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth.
30When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.
31The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.
32Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him.
33But when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs:
34But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water.
35And he that saw it bare record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe.
36For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.
37And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced.
38And after this Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus.
39And there came also Nicodemus, which at the first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight.
40Then took they the body of Jesus, and wound it in linen clothes with the spices, as the manner of the Jews is to bury.
41Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new sepulchre, wherein was never man yet laid.
42There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews’ preparation day; for the sepulchre was nigh at hand.
1Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him.
2And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, and arrayed him in a purple garment;
3and they came unto him, and said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they struck him with their hands.
4And Pilate went out again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him out to you, that ye may know that I find no crime in him.
5Jesus therefore came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment. And [Pilate] saith unto them, Behold, the man!
6When therefore the chief priests and the officers saw him, they cried out, saying, Crucify [him], crucify [him]! Pilate saith unto them, Take him yourselves, and crucify him: for I find no crime in him.
7The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by that law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.
8When Pilate therefore heard this saying, he was the more afraid;
9and he entered into the Praetorium again, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer.
10Pilate therefore saith unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? Knowest thou not that I have power to release thee, and have power to crucify thee?
11Jesus answered him, Thou wouldest have no power against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath greater sin.
12Upon this Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out, saying, If thou release this man, thou art not Caesar`s friend: every one that maketh himself a king speaketh against Caesar.
13When Pilate therefore heard these words, he brought Jesus out, and sat down on the judgment-seat at a place called The Pavement, but in Hebrew, Gabbatha.
14Now it was the Preparation of the passover: it was about the sixth hour. And he saith unto the Jews, Behold, your King!
15They therefore cried out, Away with [him], away with [him], crucify him! Pilate saith unto them, Shall I crucify your King? The chief priests answered, We have no king but Caesar.
16Then therefore he delivered him unto them to be crucified.
17They took Jesus therefore: and he went out, bearing the cross for himself, unto the place called The place of a skull, which is called in Hebrew, Golgotha:
18where they crucified him, and with him two others, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst.
19And Pilate wrote a title also, and put it on the cross. And there was written, JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.
20This title therefore read many of the Jews, for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city; and it was written in Hebrew, [and] in Latin, [and] in Greek.
21The chief priests of the Jews therefore said to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews.
22Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.
23The soldiers therefore, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also the coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout.
24They said therefore one to another, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my garments among them, And upon my vesture did they cast lots.
25These things therefore the soldiers did. But there were standing by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother`s sister, Mary the [wife] of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.
26When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son!
27Then saith he to the disciple, Behold, thy mother! And from that hour the disciple took her unto his own [home].
28After this Jesus, knowing that all things are now finished, that the scripture might be accomplished, saith, I thirst.
29There was set there a vessel full of vinegar: so they put a sponge full of the vinegar upon hyssop, and brought it to his mouth.
30When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up his spirit.
31The Jews therefore, because it was the Preparation, that the bodies should not remain on the cross upon the sabbath (for the day of that sabbath was a high [day]), asked of Pilate that their legs might be broken, and [that] they might be taken away.
32The soldiers therefore came, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other that was crucified with him:
33but when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs:
34howbeit one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and straightway there came out blood and water.
35And he that hath seen hath borne witness, and his witness is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye also may believe.
36For these things came to pass, that the scripture might be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.
37And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced.
38And after these things Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, asked of Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave [him] leave. He came therefore, and took away his body.
39And there came also Nicodemus, he who at the first came to him by night, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds.
40So they took the body of Jesus, and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as the custom of the Jews is to bury.
41Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the garden a new tomb wherein was never man yet laid.
42There then because of the Jews` Preparation (for the tomb was nigh at hand) they laid Jesus.
1Then Pilate took Jesus and had him flogged severely.
2The soldiers braided a crown of thorns and put it on his head, and they clothed him in a purple robe.
3They came up to him again and again and said, “Hail, king of the Jews!” And they struck him repeatedly in the face.
4Again Pilate went out and said to the Jewish leaders, “Look, I am bringing him out to you, so that you may know that I find no reason for an accusation against him.”
5So Jesus came outside, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. Pilate said to them, “Look, here is the man!”
6When the chief priests and their officers saw him, they shouted out, “Crucify him! Crucify him!” Pilate said, “You take him and crucify him! Certainly I find no reason for an accusation against him!”
7The Jewish leaders replied, “We have a law, and according to our law he ought to die because he claimed to be the Son of God!”
8When Pilate heard what they said, he was more afraid than ever,
9and he went back into the governor’s residence and said to Jesus, “Where do you come from?” But Jesus gave him no answer.
10So Pilate said, “Do you refuse to speak to me? Don’t you know I have the authority to release you and to crucify you?”
11Jesus replied, “You would have no authority over me at all, unless it was given to you from above. Therefore the one who handed me over to you is guilty of greater sin.”
12From this point on, Pilate tried to release him. But the Jewish leaders shouted out, “If you release this man, you are no friend of Caesar! Everyone who claims to be a king opposes Caesar!”
13When Pilate heard these words he brought Jesus outside and sat down on the judgment seat in the place called “The Stone Pavement” (Gabbatha in Aramaic).
14(Now it was the day of preparation for the Passover, about noon.) Pilate said to the Jewish leaders, “Look, here is your king!”
15Then they shouted out, “Away with him! Away with him! Crucify him!” Pilate asked, “Shall I crucify your king?” The high priests replied, “We have no king except Caesar!”
16Then Pilate handed him over to them to be crucified.So they took Jesus,
17and carrying his own cross he went out to the place called “The Place of the Skull” (called in Aramaic Golgotha).
18There they crucified him along with two others, one on each side, with Jesus in the middle.
19Pilate also had a notice written and fastened to the cross, which read: “Jesus the Nazarene, the king of the Jews.”
20Thus many of the Jewish residents of Jerusalem read this notice because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the notice was written in Aramaic, Latin, and Greek.
21Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The king of the Jews,’ but rather, ‘This man said, I am king of the Jews.’”
22Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”
23Now when the soldiers crucified Jesus, they took his clothes and made four shares, one for each soldier, and the tunic remained. (Now the tunic was seamless, woven from top to bottom as a single piece.)
24So the soldiers said to one another, “Let’s not tear it, but throw dice to see who will get it.” This took place to fulfill the scripture that says, “They divided my garments among them, and for my clothing they threw dice.” So the soldiers did these things.
25Now standing beside Jesus’ cross were his mother, his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.
26So when Jesus saw his mother and the disciple whom he loved standing there, he said to his mother, “Woman, look, here is your son!”
27He then said to his disciple, “Look, here is your mother!” From that very time the disciple took her into his own home.
28After this Jesus, realizing that by this time everything was completed, said (in order to fulfill the scripture), “I am thirsty!”
29A jar full of sour wine was there, so they put a sponge soaked in sour wine on a branch of hyssop and lifted it to his mouth.
30When he had received the sour wine, Jesus said, “It is completed!” Then he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.
31Then because it was the day of preparation, so that the bodies should not stay on the crosses on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was an especially important one), the Jewish leaders asked Pilate to have the victims’ legs broken and the bodies taken down.
32So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the two men who had been crucified with Jesus, first the one and then the other.
33But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs.
34But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and blood and water flowed out immediately.
35And the person who saw it has testified (and his testimony is true, and he knows that he is telling the truth), so that you also may believe.
36For these things happened so that the scripture would be fulfilled, “Not a bone of his will be broken.”
37And again another scripture says, “They will look on the one whom they have pierced.”
38After this, Joseph of Arimathea, a disciple of Jesus (but secretly because he feared the Jewish leaders), asked Pilate if he could remove the body of Jesus. Pilate gave him permission, so he went and took the body away.
39Nicodemus, the man who had previously come to Jesus at night, accompanied Joseph, carrying a mixture of myrrh and aloes weighing about 75 pounds.
40Then they took Jesus’ body and wrapped it, with the aromatic spices, in strips of linen cloth according to Jewish burial customs.
41Now at the place where Jesus was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden was a new tomb where no one had yet been buried.
42And so, because it was the Jewish day of preparation and the tomb was nearby, they placed Jesus’ body there.
1So Pilate then took Jesus, and flogged him.
2The soldiers twisted thorns into a crown, and put it on his head, and dressed him in a purple garment.
3They kept saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and they kept slapping him.
4Then Pilate went out again, and said to them, “Behold, I bring him out to you, that you may know that I find no basis for a charge against him.”
5Jesus therefore came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment. Pilate said to them, “Behold, the man!”
6When therefore the chief priests and the officers saw him, they shouted, saying, “Crucify! Crucify!” Pilate said to them, “Take him yourselves, and crucify him, for I find no basis for a charge against him.”
7The Jews answered him, “We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God.”
8When therefore Pilate heard this saying, he was more afraid.
9He entered into the Praetorium again, and said to Jesus, “Where are you from?” But Jesus gave him no answer.
10Pilate therefore said to him, “Aren’t you speaking to me? Don’t you know that I have power to release you, and have power to crucify you?”
11Jesus answered, “You would have no power at all against me, unless it were given to you from above. Therefore he who delivered me to you has greater sin.”
12At this, Pilate was seeking to release him, but the Jews cried out, saying, “If you release this man, you aren’t Caesar’s friend! Everyone who makes himself a king speaks against Caesar!”
13When Pilate therefore heard these words, he brought Jesus out, and sat down on the judgment seat at a place called “The Pavement”, but in Hebrew, “Gabbatha.”
14Now it was the Preparation Day of the Passover, at about the sixth hour. He said to the Jews, “Behold, your King!”
15They cried out, “Away with him! Away with him! Crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your King?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar!”
16So then he delivered him to them to be crucified. So they took Jesus and led him away.
17He went out, bearing his cross, to the place called “The Place of a Skull”, which is called in Hebrew, “Golgotha”,
18where they crucified him, and with him two others, on either side one, and Jesus in the middle.
19Pilate wrote a title also, and put it on the cross. There was written, “JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.”
20Therefore many of the Jews read this title, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek.
21The chief priests of the Jews therefore said to Pilate, “Don’t write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but, ‘he said, “I am King of the Jews.”’”
22Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”
23Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also the coat. Now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout.
24Then they said to one another, “Let’s not tear it, but cast lots for it to decide whose it will be,” that the Scripture might be fulfilled, which says, “They parted my garments among them. For my cloak they cast lots.” Therefore the soldiers did these things.
25But there were standing by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.
26Therefore when Jesus saw his mother, and the disciple whom he loved standing there, he said to his mother, “Woman, behold, your son!”
27Then he said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother!” From that hour, the disciple took her to his own home.
28After this, Jesus, seeing that all things were now finished, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, said, “I am thirsty.”
29Now a vessel full of vinegar was set there; so they put a sponge full of the vinegar on hyssop, and held it at his mouth.
30When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, “It is finished.” He bowed his head, and gave up his spirit.
31Therefore the Jews, because it was the Preparation Day, so that the bodies wouldn’t remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a special one), asked of Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.
32Therefore the soldiers came, and broke the legs of the first, and of the other who was crucified with him;
33but when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was already dead, they didn’t break his legs.
34However one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.
35He who has seen has testified, and his testimony is true. He knows that he tells the truth, that you may believe.
36For these things happened, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, “A bone of him will not be broken.”
37Again another Scripture says, “They will look on him whom they pierced.”
38After these things, Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, asked of Pilate that he might take away Jesus’ body. Pilate gave him permission. He came therefore and took away his body.
39Nicodemus, who at first came to Jesus by night, also came bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred Roman pounds.
40So they took Jesus’ body, and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as the custom of the Jews is to bury.
41Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden. In the garden was a new tomb in which no man had ever yet been laid.
42Then because of the Jews’ Preparation Day (for the tomb was near at hand) they laid Jesus there.
Summary
Pilate has Jesus flogged and mocked with a crown of thorns and purple robe before presenting Him to the crowd, still finding no basis for a charge (vv. 1-6). Under pressure from the chief priests' claim that Jesus made Himself the Son of God, and fearing accusations of disloyalty to Caesar, Pilate hands Jesus over to be crucified despite his own uncertainty (vv. 7-16). Jesus carries His cross to Golgotha, where He is crucified between two others under an inscription naming Him King of the Jews, while soldiers cast lots for His seamless garment (vv. 17-24). From the cross He entrusts His mother to the care of the disciple He loved (vv. 26-27), then, after receiving sour wine, declares "It is finished" and dies (vv. 28-30). To confirm His death, soldiers pierce His side, producing blood and water, without breaking His legs, fulfilling Scripture (vv. 31-37). Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus then take His body, wrap it with spices, and lay it in a new nearby tomb (vv. 38-42).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- The Praetorium (v.9): Pilate's judgment hall in Jerusalem where Jesus was scourged and sentenced.
- Gabbatha / the Pavement (v.13): The stone pavement where Pilate rendered his verdict. A raised platform for public judgment.
- Golgotha (v.17): "The place of a skull" — outside Jerusalem's walls. John preserves the Hebrew/Aramaic name.
- A garden near Golgotha (v.41): Joseph of Arimathea's tomb was in a garden near the crucifixion site — a new tomb where Jesus was buried.
Places on this map
- JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
- CalvaryChurch of the Holy Sepulchre, JerusalemGolgotha, place of a skull, was an outcrop of rock beside a road just outside the city wall of the time, next to a disused quarry used for tombs. The wall was later extended, which is why the traditional site now sits inside the Old City. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik examines the scourging, the "Ecce Homo" moment, the title on the cross in three languages, Jesus' care for His mother, the meaning of "tetelestai," and the significance of the blood and water from His side.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of John -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Numbered With Transgressors (v.18) — Jesus is crucified between two criminals, dying in the very place reserved for sinners. What does it mean to you that the sinless Son of God chose to be identified with the guilty?
- Indifference in the Presence of the Cross (v.24) — Soldiers gamble for Jesus' clothing while he hangs dying above them, entirely unmoved by what is happening. Is it possible to be physically near something sacred while remaining spiritually indifferent, and how do you guard against that in your own life?
- Caring for Others in the Midst of Suffering (vv.26-27) — Even while dying, Jesus arranges for his mother's care, entrusting her to John. How do you care for the people who depend on you when you are under your own pressure or pain?
- A Debt Paid in Full (v.30) — Jesus' final word declares the work of redemption complete, not a cry of defeat but of victory. Are you living in the freedom of a finished salvation, or still trying to add to what Christ has already accomplished?
- Blood and Water From His Side (v.34) — When Jesus is pierced, blood and water flow out, fulfilling prophecy and picturing both the atonement and the cleansing he provides. Are you receiving what he offers for forgiveness as well as for ongoing transformation, or leaning on only one?
- From Secret Faith to Public Devotion (vv.38-39) — Joseph and Nicodemus, both quiet or fearful followers, step forward publicly at the moment when following Jesus seems most costly. What is holding you back from being more open about your faith?