Judges — Chapter 13

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1Again the Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD, so He delivered them into the hand of the Philistines for forty years.

2Now there was a man from Zorah named Manoah, from the clan of the Danites, whose wife was barren and had no children.

3The angel of the LORD appeared to the woman and said to her, “It is true that you are barren and have no children; but you will conceive and give birth to a son.

4Now please be careful not to drink wine or strong drink, and not to eat anything unclean.

5For behold, you will conceive and give birth to a son. And no razor shall touch his head, because the boy will be a Nazirite to God from the womb, and he will begin the deliverance of Israel from the hand of the Philistines.”

6So the woman went and told her husband, “A man of God came to me. His appearance was like the angel of God, exceedingly awesome. I did not ask him where he came from, and he did not tell me his name.

7But he said to me, ‘Behold, you will conceive and give birth to a son. Now, therefore, do not drink wine or strong drink, and do not eat anything unclean, because the boy will be a Nazirite to God from the womb until the day of his death.’”

8Then Manoah prayed to the LORD, “Please, O Lord, let the man of God You sent us come to us again to teach us how to raise the boy who is to be born.”

9And God listened to the voice of Manoah, and the angel of God returned to the woman as she was sitting in the field; but her husband Manoah was not with her.

10The woman ran quickly to tell her husband, “Behold, the man who came to me the other day has reappeared!”

11So Manoah got up and followed his wife. When he came to the man, he asked, “Are you the man who spoke to my wife?” “I am,” he said.

12Then Manoah asked, “When your words come to pass, what will be the boy’s rule of life and mission?”

13So the angel of the LORD answered Manoah, “Your wife is to do everything I told her.

14She must not eat anything that comes from the vine, nor drink any wine or strong drink, nor eat anything unclean. She must do everything I have commanded her.”

15“Please stay here,” Manoah said to the angel of the LORD, “and we will prepare a young goat for you.”

16And the angel of the LORD replied, “Even if I stay, I will not eat your food. But if you prepare a burnt offering, offer it to the LORD.” For Manoah did not know that it was the angel of the LORD.

17Then Manoah said to the angel of the LORD, “What is your name, so that we may honor you when your word comes to pass?”

18“Why do you ask my name,” said the angel of the LORD, “since it is beyond comprehension?”

19Then Manoah took a young goat and a grain offering and offered them on a rock to the LORD. And as Manoah and his wife looked on, the LORD did a marvelous thing.

20When the flame went up from the altar to the sky, the angel of the LORD ascended in the flame. When Manoah and his wife saw this, they fell facedown to the ground.

21And when the angel of the LORD did not appear again to Manoah and his wife, Manoah realized that it had been the angel of the LORD.

22“We are going to die,” he said to his wife, “for we have seen God!”

23But his wife replied, “If the LORD had intended to kill us, He would not have accepted the burnt offering and the grain offering from our hands, nor would He have shown us all these things or spoken to us this way.”

24So the woman gave birth to a son and named him Samson. The boy grew, and the LORD blessed him.

25And the Spirit of the LORD began to stir him at Mahaneh-dan, between Zorah and Eshtaol.

1And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD delivered them into the hand of the Philistines forty years.

2And there was a certain man of Zorah, of the family of the Danites, whose name was Manoah; and his wife was barren, and bare not.

3And the angel of the LORD appeared unto the woman, and said unto her, Behold now, thou art barren, and bearest not: but thou shalt conceive, and bear a son.

4Now therefore beware, I pray thee, and drink not wine nor strong drink, and eat not any unclean thing:

5For, lo, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and no razor shall come on his head: for the child shall be a Nazarite unto God from the womb: and he shall begin to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines.

6Then the woman came and told her husband, saying, A man of God came unto me, and his countenance was like the countenance of an angel of God, very terrible: but I asked him not whence he was, neither told he me his name:

7But he said unto me, Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink, neither eat any unclean thing: for the child shall be a Nazarite to God from the womb to the day of his death.

8Then Manoah intreated the LORD, and said, O my Lord, let the man of God which thou didst send come again unto us, and teach us what we shall do unto the child that shall be born.

9And God hearkened to the voice of Manoah; and the angel of God came again unto the woman as she sat in the field: but Manoah her husband was not with her.

10And the woman made haste, and ran, and shewed her husband, and said unto him, Behold, the man hath appeared unto me, that came unto me the other day.

11And Manoah arose, and went after his wife, and came to the man, and said unto him, Art thou the man that spakest unto the woman? And he said, I am.

12And Manoah said, Now let thy words come to pass. How shall we order the child, and how shall we do unto him?

13And the angel of the LORD said unto Manoah, Of all that I said unto the woman let her beware.

14She may not eat of any thing that cometh of the vine, neither let her drink wine or strong drink, nor eat any unclean thing: all that I commanded her let her observe.

15And Manoah said unto the angel of the LORD, I pray thee, let us detain thee, until we shall have made ready a kid for thee.

16And the angel of the LORD said unto Manoah, Though thou detain me, I will not eat of thy bread: and if thou wilt offer a burnt offering, thou must offer it unto the LORD. For Manoah knew not that he was an angel of the LORD.

17And Manoah said unto the angel of the LORD, What is thy name, that when thy sayings come to pass we may do thee honour?

18And the angel of the LORD said unto him, Why askest thou thus after my name, seeing it is secret?

19So Manoah took a kid with a meat offering, and offered it upon a rock unto the LORD: and the angel did wonderously; and Manoah and his wife looked on.

20For it came to pass, when the flame went up toward heaven from off the altar, that the angel of the LORD ascended in the flame of the altar. And Manoah and his wife looked on it, and fell on their faces to the ground.

21But the angel of the LORD did no more appear to Manoah and to his wife. Then Manoah knew that he was an angel of the LORD.

22And Manoah said unto his wife, We shall surely die, because we have seen God.

23But his wife said unto him, If the LORD were pleased to kill us, he would not have received a burnt offering and a meat offering at our hands, neither would he have shewed us all these things, nor would as at this time have told us such things as these.

24And the woman bare a son, and called his name Samson: and the child grew, and the LORD blessed him.

25And the Spirit of the LORD began to move him at times in the camp of Dan between Zorah and Eshtaol.

1And the children of Israel again did that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah; and Jehovah delivered them into the hand of the Philistines forty years.

2And there was a certain man of Zorah, of the family of the Danites, whose name was Manoah; and his wife was barren, and bare not.

3And the angel of Jehovah appeared unto the woman, and said unto her, Behold now, thou art barren, and bearest not; but thou shalt conceive, and bear a son.

4Now therefore beware, I pray thee, and drink no wine nor strong drink, and eat not any unclean thing:

5for, lo, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and no razor shall come upon his head; for the child shall be a Nazirite unto God from the womb: and he shall begin to save Israel out of the hand of the Philistines.

6Then the woman came and told her husband, saying, A man of God came unto me, and his countenance was like the countenance of the angel of God, very terrible; and I asked him not whence he was, neither told he me his name:

7but he said unto me, Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink, and eat not any unclean thing; for the child shall be a Nazirite unto God from the womb to the day of his death.

8Then Manoah entreated Jehovah, and said, Oh, Lord, I pray thee, let the man of God whom thou didst send come again unto us, and teach us what we shall do unto the child that shall be born.

9And God hearkened to the voice of Manoah; and the angel of God came again unto the woman as she sat in the field: but Manoah her husband was not with her.

10And the woman made haste, and ran, and told her husband, and said unto him, Behold, the man hath appeared unto me, that came unto me the [other] day.

11And Manoah arose, and went after his wife, and came to the man, and said unto him, Art thou the man that spakest unto the woman? And he said, I am.

12And Manoah said, Now let thy words come to pass: what shall be the ordering of the child, and [how] shall we do unto him?

13And the angel of Jehovah said unto Manoah, Of all that I said unto the woman let her beware.

14She may not eat of anything that cometh of the vine, neither let her drink wine or strong drink, nor eat any unclean thing; all that I commanded her let her observe.

15And Manoah said unto the angel of Jehovah, I pray thee, let us detain thee, that we may make ready a kid for thee.

16And the angel of Jehovah said unto Manoah, Though thou detain me, I will not eat of thy bread; and if thou wilt make ready a burnt-offering, thou must offer it unto Jehovah. For Manoah knew not that he was the angel of Jehovah.

17And Manoah said unto the angel of Jehovah, What is thy name, that, when thy words come to pass, we may do thee honor?

18And the angel of Jehovah said unto him, Wherefore askest thou after my name, seeing it is wonderful?

19So Manoah took the kid with the meal-offering, and offered it upon the rock unto Jehovah: and [the angel] did wondrously, and Manoah and his wife looked on.

20For it came to pass, when the flame went up toward heaven from off the altar, that the angel of Jehovah ascended in the flame of the altar: and Manoah and his wife looked on; and they fell on their faces to the ground.

21But the angel of Jehovah did no more appear to Manoah or to his wife. Then Manoah knew that he was the angel of Jehovah.

22And Manoah said unto his wife, We shall surely die, because we have seen God.

23But his wife said unto him, If Jehovah were pleased to kill us, he would not have received a burnt-offering and a meal-offering at our hand, neither would he have showed us all these things, nor would at this time have told such things as these.

24And the woman bare a son, and called his name Samson: and the child grew, and Jehovah blessed him.

25And the Spirit of Jehovah began to move him in Mahaneh-dan, between Zorah and Eshtaol.

1The Israelites again did evil in the Lord’s sight, so the Lord handed them over to the Philistines for 40 years.

2There was a man named Manoah from Zorah, from the Danite tribe. His wife was infertile and childless.

3The angel of the Lord appeared to the woman and said to her, “You are infertile and childless, but you will conceive and have a son.

4Now be careful! Do not drink wine or beer, and do not eat any food that will make you ritually unclean.

5Look, you will conceive and have a son. You must never cut his hair, for the child will be dedicated to God from birth. He will begin to deliver Israel from the power of the Philistines.”

6The woman went and said to her husband, “A man sent from God came to me! He looked like God’s angel—he was very awesome. I did not ask him where he came from, and he did not tell me his name.

7He said to me, ‘Look, you will conceive and have a son. So now, do not drink wine or beer and do not eat any food that will make you ritually unclean. For the child will be dedicated to God from birth till the day he dies.’”

8Manoah prayed to the Lord, “Please, Lord, allow the man sent from God to visit us again, so he can teach us how we should raise the child who will be born.”

9God answered Manoah’s prayer. God’s angel visited the woman again while she was sitting in the field. But her husband Manoah was not with her.

10The woman ran at once and told her husband, “Come quickly, the man who visited me the other day has appeared to me!”

11So Manoah got up and followed his wife. When he met the man, he said to him, “Are you the man who spoke to my wife?” He said, “Yes.”

12Manoah said, “Now, when your announcement comes true, how should the child be raised and what should he do?”

13The angel of the Lord told Manoah, “Your wife should pay attention to everything I told her.

14She should not drink anything that the grapevine produces. She must not drink wine or beer, and she must not eat any food that will make her ritually unclean. She should obey everything I commanded her to do.”

15Manoah said to the angel of the Lord, “Please stay here awhile, so we can prepare a young goat for you to eat.”

16The angel of the Lord said to Manoah, “If I stay, I will not eat your food. But if you want to make a burnt sacrifice to the Lord, you should offer it.” (He said this because Manoah did not know that he was the angel of the Lord.)

17Manoah said to the angel of the Lord, “Tell us your name, so we can honor you when your announcement comes true.”

18The angel of the Lord said to him, “You should not ask me my name because you cannot comprehend it.”

19Manoah took a young goat and a grain offering and offered them on a rock to the Lord. The Lord’s messenger did an amazing thing as Manoah and his wife watched.

20As the flame went up from the altar toward the sky, the angel of the Lord went up in it while Manoah and his wife watched. They fell facedown to the ground.

21The angel of the Lord did not appear again to Manoah and his wife. After all this happened Manoah realized that the visitor had been the angel of the Lord.

22Manoah said to his wife, “We will certainly die because we have seen a supernatural being!”

23But his wife said to him, “If the Lord wanted to kill us, he would not have accepted the burnt offering and the grain offering from us. He would not have shown us all these things or have spoken to us like this just now.”

24Manoah’s wife gave birth to a son and named him Samson. The child grew and the Lord empowered him.

25The Lord’s Spirit began to control him in Mahaneh Dan between Zorah and Eshtaol.

1The children of Israel again did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight; and Yahweh delivered them into the hand of the Philistines forty years.

2There was a certain man of Zorah, of the family of the Danites, whose name was Manoah; and his wife was barren, and childless.

3Yahweh’s angel appeared to the woman, and said to her, “See now, you are barren and childless; but you shall conceive, and bear a son.

4Now therefore please beware and drink no wine nor strong drink, and don’t eat any unclean thing:

5for, behold, you shall conceive, and give birth to a son. No razor shall come on his head; for the child shall be a Nazirite to God from the womb. He shall begin to save Israel out of the hand of the Philistines.”

6Then the woman came and told her husband, saying, “A man of God came to me, and his face was like the face of the angel of God, very awesome. I didn’t ask him where he was from, neither did he tell me his name;

7but he said to me, ‘Behold, you shall conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink. Don’t eat any unclean thing; for the child shall be a Nazirite to God from the womb to the day of his death.’”

8Then Manoah entreated Yahweh, and said, “Oh, Lord, please let the man of God whom you sent come again to us, and teach us what we should do to the child who shall be born.”

9God listened to the voice of Manoah, and the angel of God came again to the woman as she sat in the field, but Manoah, her husband, wasn’t with her.

10The woman hurried and ran, and told her husband, and said to him, “Behold, the man who came to me that day has appeared to me,”

11Manoah arose, and followed his wife, and came to the man, and said to him, “Are you the man who spoke to my wife?” He said, “I am.”

12Manoah said, “Now let your words happen. What shall the child’s way of life and mission be?”

13Yahweh’s angel said to Manoah, “Of all that I said to the woman let her beware.

14She may not eat of anything that comes of the vine, neither let her drink wine or strong drink, nor eat any unclean thing. Let her observe all that I commanded her.”

15Manoah said to Yahweh’s angel, “Please stay with us, that we may make a young goat ready for you.”

16Yahweh’s angel said to Manoah, “Though you detain me, I won’t eat your bread. If you will prepare a burnt offering, you must offer it to Yahweh.” For Manoah didn’t know that he was Yahweh’s angel.

17Manoah said to Yahweh’s angel, “What is your name, that when your words happen, we may honor you?”

18Yahweh’s angel said to him, “Why do you ask about my name, since it is incomprehensible?”

19So Manoah took the young goat with the meal offering, and offered it on the rock to Yahweh. Then the angel did an amazing thing as Manoah and his wife watched.

20For when the flame went up toward the sky from off the altar, Yahweh’s angel ascended in the flame of the altar. Manoah and his wife watched; and they fell on their faces to the ground.

21But Yahweh’s angel didn’t appear to Manoah or to his wife any more. Then Manoah knew that he was Yahweh’s angel.

22Manoah said to his wife, “We shall surely die, because we have seen God.”

23But his wife said to him, “If Yahweh were pleased to kill us, he wouldn’t have received a burnt offering and a meal offering at our hand, and he wouldn’t have shown us all these things, nor would he have told us such things as these at this time.”

24The woman bore a son, and named him Samson. The child grew, and Yahweh blessed him.

25Yahweh’s Spirit began to move him in Mahaneh Dan, between Zorah and Eshtaol.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

During a forty-year Philistine oppression, the Angel of the LORD appears to the barren wife of Manoah of the tribe of Dan and announces she will bear a son who is to be a Nazirite from birth, set apart to begin delivering Israel from the Philistines (vv. 1-5). She reports the encounter to Manoah, who prays that the messenger would return to instruct them further, and the angel appears to her again before Manoah meets him and repeats the earlier instructions (vv. 6-14). When Manoah offers a sacrifice, the angel ascends in the flame, revealing himself to be divine and leaving both parents in awe, though Manoah's wife reasons calmly that God would not have accepted their offering if he intended to kill them (vv. 15-23). The son is born and named Samson, and as he grows the Spirit of the LORD begins to stir him at Mahaneh-dan (vv. 24-25).

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Samuel. Judges covers approximately 350 years (1380-1050 BC) between Joshua's death and the rise of the monarchy. Hebrew title: 'Shophetim' — 'Judges' (deliverers/ rulers raised by God). The book records Israel's repeated cycle: sin → oppression → crying out → deliverance → rest → sin again. The refrain: 'In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes' (17:6, 21:25). The book demonstrates humanity's need for a righteous king — ultimately fulfilled in Christ.
Historical Context: Chapter 13 introduces the Samson narrative (chapters 13-16) with the announcement of his birth. This is the longest oppression in Judges — forty years under the Philistines (v.1). Notably, there is no record of Israel "crying out" to God — suggesting they had become comfortable in their subjugation. The birth announcement follows the pattern of other miraculous births in Scripture: a barren woman, a divine messenger, a child set apart for God's purposes (cf. Isaac, Samuel, John the Baptist). The Angel of the LORD appears to Manoah's wife (unnamed in the text) and announces that her son will be a Nazirite from the womb — set apart to "begin to deliver Israel" (v.5). Note: only "begin" — Samson will not complete the deliverance. The chapter features a remarkable theophany: the Angel ascends in the flame of the altar (v.20), reveals His name as "Wonderful/Secret" (v.18), and Manoah recognizes they have "seen God" (v.22). His wife's faith exceeds his — she reasons that God would not have accepted their offering if He intended to kill them (v.23).
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: Forty years of oppression recorded with no mention of Israel crying out at all, an angel's announcement given to an unnamed woman before her husband ever hears it, Nazirite restrictions placed on a mother's own diet before her son is even born, a name refused as secret and wonderful rather than given, and a wife's faith answering her husband's fear of having seen God, if the LORD were pleased to kill us he would not have shown us all these things
The Philistine Oppression (v.1): Israel sins again; God delivers them to the Philistines for forty years. The Philistines were a Sea Peoples group who settled along the Mediterranean coast (Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath). They possessed iron technology and superior military organization. Unlike previous oppressions, there is no record of Israel crying out — they seem to have accepted Philistine dominance.
The Angel's Announcement (vv.2-7): Manoah's wife is barren (v.2). The Angel of the LORD appears to her (not to Manoah) with the announcement: "thou shalt conceive, and bear a son" (v.3). Instructions: no wine, strong drink, or unclean food (v.4) — the Nazirite restrictions apply to the mother during pregnancy. The child: "no razor shall come on his head: for the child shall be a Nazarite unto God from the womb" (v.5). His mission: "he shall begin to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines" (v.5).
Manoah's Prayer and the Second Appearance (vv.8-14): Manoah prays for the Angel to return and "teach us what we shall do unto the child" (v.8). God answers — the Angel appears again to the woman (v.9). She fetches Manoah (v.10). The Angel repeats the instructions but adds nothing new (vv.13-14) — the original message to the woman was sufficient.
The Theophany Revealed (vv.15-23): Manoah offers hospitality — a young goat (v.15). The Angel redirects: "if thou wilt offer a burnt offering, thou must offer it unto the LORD" (v.16). Manoah asks His name (v.17). The answer: "Why askest thou thus after my name, seeing it is secret?" (v.18) — Hebrew "peli" = wonderful, incomprehensible (same root as Isaiah 9:6, "Wonderful"). Manoah offers the sacrifice on a rock, and "the angel of the LORD ascended in the flame of the altar" (v.20). They fall on their faces. Manoah fears death: "We shall surely die, because we have seen God" (v.22). His wife's superior faith: "If the LORD were pleased to kill us, he would not have received a burnt offering... neither would he have shewed us all these things" (v.23).
Samson's Birth (vv.24-25): The son is born and named Samson (Hebrew "Shimshon" — related to "shemesh" = sun). "The child grew, and the LORD blessed him" (v.24). "The Spirit of the LORD began to move him" (v.25) — stirring him for his future mission.

Map & Geography

  • Zorah and Eshtaol: Towns in Dan's territory on the border with Philistia — Samson's homeland (Shephelah/western foothills)
  • Mahaneh-dan: "Camp of Dan" between Zorah and Eshtaol — where the Spirit first stirs Samson
  • The Danite region sits on the frontier between Israelite highlands and the Philistine coastal plain

Places on this map

  • Philistiasouthern coastal Israel and GazaThe coastal plain south of Joppa, held by a league of five cities: Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Gath and Ekron. Flat, fertile and on the trade road, it gave the Philistines chariots and iron while Israel held the hills above them. Wikipedia
  • DanTel Dan, IsraelAt the largest of the Jordan's headwater springs under Mount Hermon, the northern limit of Israel. Jeroboam set his second golden calf here, as far from Jerusalem as he could get. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik notes the absence of Israel's cry — they have become comfortable in oppression. He emphasizes that Manoah's wife shows greater faith and perception than her husband throughout the chapter. The Angel's name "Wonderful" connects this theophany to the Messianic prophecy of Isaiah 9:6.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Judges 13 Summary: 5 Minute Bible Study
2BeLikeChrist

Judges 13-16 | Samson | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Judges -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Grace That Moves Before We Even Ask (v.1) — Unlike earlier cycles, Israel never cries out under Philistine oppression, yet God still sets deliverance in motion. Has God ever acted on your behalf before you thought to ask Him to?
  • Called to Begin, Not Necessarily to Finish (v.5) — Samson is appointed only to "begin" Israel's deliverance from the Philistines, not complete it. Can you be at peace playing a partial role in something God is doing, even if you never see how it ends?
  • A God Too Wonderful to Fully Name (v.18) — When Manoah asks the Angel's name, the answer is essentially that it's beyond comprehension. Are you comfortable with the parts of God you simply cannot fully explain?
  • Faith That Reasons Rightly From What God Has Done (vv.22-23) — While Manoah fears they'll die for seeing God, his wife reasons that God wouldn't have accepted their offering and shown them all this if He meant to kill them. Do you let fear override the evidence of God's goodness already in front of you?
  • Potential Is Not the Same as Faithfulness (v.25) — The Spirit begins to stir in Samson as a child marked out for greatness, yet the story ahead is full of squandered potential. Are you living up to what God has equipped you for, or coasting on the gifts themselves?