Judges — Chapter 15

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1But it came to pass within a while after, in the time of wheat harvest, that Samson visited his wife with a kid; and he said, I will go in to my wife into the chamber. But her father would not suffer him to go in.

2And her father said, I verily thought that thou hadst utterly hated her; therefore I gave her to thy companion: is not her younger sister fairer than she? take her, I pray thee, instead of her.

3And Samson said concerning them, Now shall I be more blameless than the Philistines, though I do them a displeasure.

4And Samson went and caught three hundred foxes, and took firebrands, and turned tail to tail, and put a firebrand in the midst between two tails.

5And when he had set the brands on fire, he let them go into the standing corn of the Philistines, and burnt up both the shocks, and also the standing corn, with the vineyards and olives.

6Then the Philistines said, Who hath done this? And they answered, Samson, the son in law of the Timnite, because he had taken his wife, and given her to his companion. And the Philistines came up, and burnt her and her father with fire.

7And Samson said unto them, Though ye have done this, yet will I be avenged of you, and after that I will cease.

8And he smote them hip and thigh with a great slaughter: and he went down and dwelt in the top of the rock Etam.

9Then the Philistines went up, and pitched in Judah, and spread themselves in Lehi.

10And the men of Judah said, Why are ye come up against us? And they answered, To bind Samson are we come up, to do to him as he hath done to us.

11Then three thousand men of Judah went to the top of the rock Etam, and said to Samson, Knowest thou not that the Philistines are rulers over us? what is this that thou hast done unto us? And he said unto them, As they did unto me, so have I done unto them.

12And they said unto him, We are come down to bind thee, that we may deliver thee into the hand of the Philistines. And Samson said unto them, Swear unto me, that ye will not fall upon me yourselves.

13And they spake unto him, saying, No; but we will bind thee fast, and deliver thee into their hand: but surely we will not kill thee. And they bound him with two new cords, and brought him up from the rock.

14And when he came unto Lehi, the Philistines shouted against him: and the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him, and the cords that were upon his arms became as flax that was burnt with fire, and his bands loosed from off his hands.

15And he found a new jawbone of an ass, and put forth his hand, and took it, and slew a thousand men therewith.

16And Samson said, With the jawbone of an ass, heaps upon heaps, with the jaw of an ass have I slain a thousand men.

17And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking, that he cast away the jawbone out of his hand, and called that place Ramath-lehi.

18And he was sore athirst, and called on the LORD, and said, Thou hast given this great deliverance into the hand of thy servant: and now shall I die for thirst, and fall into the hand of the uncircumcised?

19But God clave an hollow place that was in the jaw, and there came water thereout; and when he had drunk, his spirit came again, and he revived: wherefore he called the name thereof En-hakkore, which is in Lehi unto this day.

20And he judged Israel in the days of the Philistines twenty years.

1But it came to pass after a while, in the time of wheat harvest, that Samson visited his wife with a kid; and he said, I will go in to my wife into the chamber. But her father would not suffer him to go in.

2And her father said, I verily thought that thou hadst utterly hated her; therefore I gave her to thy companion: is not her younger sister fairer than she? take her, I pray thee, instead of her.

3And Samson said unto them, This time shall I be blameless in regard of the Philistines, when I do them a mischief.

4And Samson went and caught three hundred foxes, and took firebrands, and turned tail to tail, and put a firebrand in the midst between every two tails.

5And when he had set the brands on fire, he let them go into the standing grain of the Philistines, and burnt up both the shocks and the standing grain, and also the oliveyards.

6Then the Philistines said, Who hath done this? And they said, Samson, the son-in-law of the Timnite, because he hath taken his wife, and given her to his companion. And the Philistines came up, and burnt her and her father with fire.

7And Samson said unto them, If ye do after this manner, surely I will be avenged of you, and after that I will cease.

8And he smote them hip and thigh with a great slaughter: and he went down and dwelt in the cleft of the rock of Etam.

9Then the Philistines went up, and encamped in Judah, and spread themselves in Lehi.

10And the men of Judah said, Why are ye come up against us? And they said, To bind Samson are we come up, to do to him as he hath done to us.

11Then three thousand men of Judah went down to the cleft of the rock of Etam, and said to Samson, Knowest thou not that the Philistines are rulers over us? what then is this that thou hast done unto us? And he said unto them, As they did unto me, so have I done unto them.

12And they said unto him, We are come down to bind thee, that we may deliver thee into the hand of the Philistines. And Samson said unto them, Swear unto me, that ye will not fall upon me yourselves.

13And they spake unto him, saying, No; but we will bind thee fast, and deliver thee into their hand: but surely we will not kill thee. And they bound him with two new ropes, and brought him up from the rock.

14When he came unto Lehi, the Philistines shouted as they met him: and the Spirit of Jehovah came mightily upon him, and the ropes that were upon his arms became as flax that was burnt with fire, and his bands dropped from off his hands.

15And he found a fresh jawbone of an ass, and put forth his hand, and took it, and smote a thousand men therewith.

16And Samson said, With the jawbone of an ass, heaps upon heaps, With the jawbone of an ass have I smitten a thousand men.

17And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking, that he cast away the jawbone out of his hand; and that place was called Ramath-lehi.

18And he was sore athirst, and called on Jehovah, and said, Thou hast given this great deliverance by the hand of thy servant; and now shall I die for thirst, and fall into the hand of the uncircumcised.

19But God clave the hollow place that is in Lehi, and there came water thereout; and when he had drunk, his spirit came again, and he revived: wherefore the name thereof was called En-hakkore, which is in Lehi, unto this day.

20And he judged Israel in the days of the Philistines twenty years.

1Sometime later, during the wheat harvest, Samson took a young goat as a gift and went to visit his bride. He said to her father, “I want to sleep with my bride in her bedroom!” But her father would not let him enter.

2Her father said, “I really thought you absolutely despised her, so I gave her to your best man. Her younger sister is more attractive than she is. Take her instead!”

3Samson said to them, “This time I am justified in doing the Philistines harm!”

4Samson went and captured 300 jackals and got some torches. He tied the jackals in pairs by their tails and then tied a torch to each pair.

5He lit the torches and set the jackals loose in the Philistines’ standing grain. He burned up the grain heaps and the standing grain, as well as the vineyards and olive groves.

6The Philistines asked, “Who did this?” They were told, “Samson, the Timnite’s son-in-law, because the Timnite took Samson’s bride and gave her to his best man.” So the Philistines went up and burned her and her father.

7Samson said to them, “Because you did this, I will get revenge against you before I quit fighting.”

8He struck them down and defeated them. Then he went down and lived for a time in the cave in the cliff of Etam.

9The Philistines went up and invaded Judah. They arrayed themselves for battle in Lehi.

10The men of Judah said, “Why are you attacking us?” The Philistines said, “We have come up to take Samson prisoner so we can do to him what he has done to us.”

11So 3,000 men of Judah went down to the cave in the cliff of Etam and said to Samson, “Do you not know that the Philistines rule over us? Why have you done this to us?” He said to them, “I have only done to them what they have done to me.”

12They said to him, “We have come down to take you prisoner so we can hand you over to the Philistines.” Samson said to them, “Promise me you will not kill me.”

13They said to him, “We promise! We will only take you prisoner and hand you over to them. We promise not to kill you.” They tied him up with two brand new ropes and led him up from the cliff.

14When he arrived in Lehi, the Philistines shouted as they approached him. But the Lord’s Spirit empowered him. The ropes around his arms were like flax dissolving in fire, and they melted away from his hands.

15He happened to see a solid jawbone of a donkey. He grabbed it and struck down 1,000 men.

16Samson then said, “With the jawbone of a donkey I have left them in heaps; with the jawbone of a donkey I have struck down a thousand men!”

17When he finished speaking, he threw the jawbone down and named that place Ramath Lehi.

18He was very thirsty, so he cried out to the Lord and said, “You have given your servant this great victory. But now must I die of thirst and fall into the hands of these uncircumcised Philistines?”

19So God split open the basin at Lehi, and water flowed out from it. When he took a drink, his strength was restored and he revived. For this reason he named the spring En Hakkore. It remains in Lehi to this very day.

20Samson led Israel for 20 years during the days of Philistine prominence.

1But after a while, in the time of wheat harvest, Samson visited his wife with a young goat. He said, “I will go in to my wife’s room.” But her father wouldn’t allow him to go in.

2Her father said, “I most certainly thought that you utterly hated her; therefore I gave her to your companion. Isn’t her younger sister more beautiful than she? Please take her, instead.”

3Samson said to them, “This time I will be blameless in the case of the Philistines, when I harm them.”

4Samson went and caught three hundred foxes, and took torches, and turned tail to tail, and put a torch in the middle between every two tails.

5When he had set the torches on fire, he let them go into the standing grain of the Philistines, and burned up both the shocks and the standing grain, and also the olive groves.

6Then the Philistines said, “Who has done this?” They said, “Samson, the son-in-law of the Timnite, because he has taken his wife, and given her to his companion.” The Philistines came up, and burned her and her father with fire.

7Samson said to them, “If you behave like this, surely I will take revenge on you, and after that I will cease.”

8He struck them hip and thigh with a great slaughter; and he went down and lived in the cave in Etam’s rock.

9Then the Philistines went up, encamped in Judah, and spread themselves in Lehi.

10The men of Judah said, “Why have you come up against us?” They said, “We have come up to bind Samson, to do to him as he has done to us.”

11Then three thousand men of Judah went down to the cave in Etam’s rock, and said to Samson, “Don’t you know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What then is this that you have done to us?” He said to them, “As they did to me, so I have done to them.”

12They said to him, “We have come down to bind you, that we may deliver you into the hand of the Philistines.” Samson said to them, “Swear to me that you will not attack me yourselves.”

13They spoke to him, saying, “No; but we will bind you securely, and deliver you into their hands; but surely we will not kill you.” They bound him with two new ropes, and brought him up from the rock.

14When he came to Lehi, the Philistines shouted as they met him. Then Yahweh’s Spirit came mightily on him, and the ropes that were on his arms became as flax that was burned with fire, and his bands dropped from off his hands.

15He found a fresh jawbone of a donkey, put out his hand, took it, and struck a thousand men with it.

16Samson said, “With the jawbone of a donkey, heaps on heaps; with the jawbone of a donkey I have struck a thousand men.”

17When he had finished speaking, he threw the jawbone out of his hand; and that place was called Ramath Lehi.

18He was very thirsty, and called on Yahweh, and said, “You have given this great deliverance by the hand of your servant; and now shall I die of thirst, and fall into the hands of the uncircumcised?”

19But God split the hollow place that is in Lehi, and water came out of it. When he had drunk, his spirit came again, and he revived. Therefore its name was called En Hakkore, which is in Lehi, to this day.

20He judged Israel twenty years in the days of the Philistines.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Samson burns the Philistines' grain with foxes and torches, then slays a thousand men with the jawbone of a donkey. God provides water from the rock at Lehi to quench his desperate thirst.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Samuel. Judges covers approximately 350 years (1380-1050 BC) between Joshua's death and the rise of the monarchy. Hebrew title: 'Shophetim' — 'Judges' (deliverers/ rulers raised by God). The book records Israel's repeated cycle: sin → oppression → crying out → deliverance → rest → sin again. The refrain: 'In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes' (17:6, 21:25). The book demonstrates humanity's need for a righteous king — ultimately fulfilled in Christ.
Historical Context: Chapter 15 continues Samson's escalating conflict with the Philistines. After discovering his wife was given to another man, Samson retaliates by burning Philistine grain fields with 300 foxes carrying torches. The Philistines respond by burning his wife and father-in-law. Samson retaliates again with "a great slaughter" (v.8). The Philistines invade Judah to capture him. In a devastating commentary on Israel's spiritual state, 3,000 men of Judah come not to fight the Philistines but to bind Samson and hand him over — saying "Knowest thou not that the Philistines are rulers over us?" (v.11). Israel has accepted their bondage. When the Philistines shout in triumph, the Spirit rushes upon Samson; he breaks his bonds and kills 1,000 men with a donkey's jawbone (v.15). Afterward, God miraculously provides water from the jawbone/hollow place (v.19). The chapter ends noting Samson judged Israel twenty years (v.20).
The Foxes and the Fields (vv.1-5): Samson returns to claim his wife but finds she has been given to his best man (v.2). Her father offers the younger sister instead (v.2). Samson's response: "Now shall I be more blameless than the Philistines, though I do them a displeasure" (v.3). He catches 300 foxes (or jackals), ties them tail to tail with torches between, and releases them into the Philistine grain fields (vv.4-5). The standing grain, stacked grain, vineyards, and olive orchards are destroyed — an economic catastrophe at harvest time.
Escalating Violence (vv.6-8): The Philistines discover Samson is responsible and burn his wife and father-in-law (v.6) — the very fate they had threatened her with (14:15). Samson retaliates: "he smote them hip and thigh with a great slaughter" (v.8). The cycle of vengeance spirals. He retreats to the rock of Etam (v.8).
Judah's Shameful Surrender (vv.9-13): The Philistines invade Judah to capture Samson (v.9). Judah's response is not to fight but to comply: 3,000 men go to bind Samson (v.11). Their words reveal total spiritual defeat: "Knowest thou not that the Philistines are rulers over us? what is this that thou hast done unto us?" (v.11). They blame Samson for disturbing their comfortable bondage. Samson allows himself to be bound — asking only that Judah not kill him themselves (v.12).
The Jawbone Victory (vv.14-17): When the Philistines shout in triumph, "the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him" (v.14). The ropes become "as flax that was burnt with fire" (v.14). He finds "a new jawbone of an ass" — fresh, not brittle — and kills 1,000 men (v.15). His victory song: "With the jawbone of an ass, heaps upon heaps, with the jaw of an ass have I slain a thousand men" (v.16). He names the place Ramath-lehi ("jawbone hill").
God Provides Water (vv.18-19): After the battle, Samson is desperately thirsty. He prays — one of only two recorded prayers (the other is 16:28). He acknowledges God: "Thou hast given this great deliverance into the hand of thy servant" (v.18). God "clave an hollow place" and water flows (v.19). He names it En-hakkore ("spring of the caller/one who cries out"). God sustains His servant even when that servant is deeply flawed.

Map & Geography

  • Timnah: Where Samson returns to find his wife given away — sparking the foxes/torches campaign in Philistine grain fields
  • Lehi ("jawbone"): The site where Samson slays 1,000 Philistines; exact location uncertain but in the Judah/Dan border region
  • Etam: A rock/cliff in Judah where Samson hides; 3,000 men of Judah come to surrender him to the Philistines

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the tragedy of v.11: Israel prefers comfortable bondage to disruptive deliverance. He notes that Samson's prayer (v.18) is one of only two in his life — and even here, it mixes faith with complaint. God's provision of water shows grace to an imperfect servant.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "Three thousand men of Judah came to bind their own deliverer and hand him to the enemy. 'The Philistines are rulers over us,' they said — as if bondage were natural and freedom were the disturbance. So it is with many souls: they have grown so accustomed to sin's dominion that they resent the gospel's disruption. They prefer familiar chains to unfamiliar freedom."

Reflection

  • 1. Comfortable bondage resists disruptive deliverance (v.11). Judah preferred Philistine rule to the disruption Samson caused. We do the same: we grow comfortable with sin's dominion and resent the gospel's disruption. Freedom is uncomfortable at first — it disturbs our arrangements with the enemy.
  • 2. God uses unconventional weapons (v.15). A jawbone. An ox goad. Torches in jars. God consistently chooses inadequate instruments to display His power. He does not need our impressive resources — He needs our availability.
  • 3. Samson's prayer reveals mixed faith (v.18). He acknowledges God's deliverance but also complains. His prayer is real but imperfect. God answers imperfect prayers. He does not demand theological precision before He responds — He responds to genuine need expressed in faith, however flawed.
  • 4. God provides for flawed servants (v.19). Samson has violated his Nazirite vow (touching the jawbone), credited himself for the victory (v.16), and mixed complaint with prayer (v.18). Yet God provides water. Grace is not earned by perfection — it flows from God's character, not ours.
  • 5. The cycle of vengeance destroys everyone (vv.1-8). Samson retaliates, Philistines retaliate, Samson retaliates again. The spiral of revenge consumes the innocent (his wife and father-in-law, v.6). Vengeance belongs to God (Romans 12:19) — when we take it ourselves, we perpetuate destruction.