Judges — Chapter 18

Loading ESV text...

1In those days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in; for unto that day all their inheritance had not fallen unto them among the tribes of Israel.

2And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there.

3When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here?

4And he said unto them, Thus and thus dealeth Micah with me, and hath hired me, and I am his priest.

5And they said unto him, Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous.

6And the priest said unto them, Go in peace: before the LORD is your way wherein ye go.

7Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people that were therein, how they dwelt careless, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure; and there was no magistrate in the land, that might put them to shame in any thing; and they were far from the Zidonians, and had no business with any man.

8And they came unto their brethren to Zorah and Eshtaol: and their brethren said unto them, What say ye?

9And they said, Arise, that we may go up against them: for we have seen the land, and, behold, it is very good: and are ye still? be not slothful to go, and to enter to possess the land.

10When ye go, ye shall come unto a people secure, and to a large land: for God hath given it into your hands; a place where there is no want of any thing that is in the earth.

11And there went from thence of the family of the Danites, out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men appointed with weapons of war.

12And they went up, and pitched in Kirjath-jearim, in Judah: wherefore they called that place Mahaneh-dan unto this day: behold, it is behind Kirjath-jearim.

13And they passed thence unto mount Ephraim, and came unto the house of Micah.

14Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren, Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do.

15And they turned thitherward, and came to the house of the young man the Levite, even unto the house of Micah, and saluted him.

16And the six hundred men appointed with their weapons of war, which were of the children of Dan, stood by the entering of the gate.

17And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came in thither, and took the graven image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood in the entering of the gate with the six hundred men that were appointed with weapons of war.

18And these went into Micah’s house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye?

19And they said unto him, Hold thy peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest: is it better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel?

20And the priest’s heart was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went in the midst of the people.

21So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the cattle and the carriage before them.

22And when they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men that were in the houses near to Micah’s house were gathered together, and overtook the children of Dan.

23And they cried unto the children of Dan. And they turned their faces, and said unto Micah, What aileth thee, that thou comest with such a company?

24And he said, Ye have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and ye are gone away: and what have I more? and what is this that ye say unto me, What aileth thee?

25And the children of Dan said unto him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows run upon thee, and thou lose thy life, with the lives of thy household.

26And the children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back unto his house.

27And they took the things which Micah had made, and the priest which he had, and came unto Laish, unto a people that were at quiet and secure: and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and burnt the city with fire.

28And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no business with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Beth-rehob. And they built a city, and dwelt therein.

29And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the city was Laish at the first.

30And the children of Dan set up the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land.

31And they set them up Micah’s graven image, which he made, all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh.

1In those days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in; for unto that day [their] inheritance had not fallen unto them among the tribes of Israel.

2And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land. And they came to the hill-country of Ephraim, unto the house of Micah, and lodged there.

3When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite; and they turned aside thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what doest thou in this place? and what hast thou here?

4And he said unto them, Thus and thus hath Micah dealt with me, and he hath hired me, and I am become his priest.

5And they said unto him, Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous.

6And the priest said unto them, Go in peace: before Jehovah is your way wherein ye go.

7Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people that were therein, how they dwelt in security, after the manner of the Sidonians, quiet and secure; for there was none in the land, possessing authority, that might put [them] to shame in anything, and they were far from the Sidonians, and had no dealings with any man.

8And they came unto their brethren to Zorah and Eshtaol: and their brethren said unto them, What [say] ye?

9And they said, Arise, and let us go up against them; for we have seen the land, and, behold, it is very good: and are ye still? be not slothful to go and to enter in to possess the land.

10When ye go, ye shall come unto a people secure, and the land is large; for God hath given it into your hand, a place where there is no want of anything that is in the earth.

11And there set forth from thence of the family of the Danites, out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men girt with weapons of war.

12And they went up, and encamped in Kiriath-jearim, in Judah: wherefore they called that place Mahaneh-dan, unto this day; behold, it is behind Kiriath-jearim.

13And they passed thence unto the hill-country of Ephraim, and came unto the house of Micah.

14Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren, Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do.

15And they turned aside thither, and came to the house of the young man the Levite, even unto the house of Micah, and asked him of his welfare.

16And the six hundred men girt with their weapons of war, who were of the children of Dan, stood by the entrance of the gate.

17And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came in thither, and took the graven image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood by the entrance of the gate with the six hundred men girt with weapons of war.

18And when these went into Micah`s house, and fetched the graven image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image, the priest said unto them, What do ye?

19And they said unto him, Hold thy peace, lay thy hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest: is it better for thee to be priest unto the house of one man, or to be priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel?

20And the priest`s heart was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went in the midst of the people.

21So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the cattle and the goods before them.

22When they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men that were in the houses near to Micah`s house were gathered together, and overtook the children of Dan.

23And they cried unto the children of Dan. And they turned their faces, and said unto Micah, What aileth thee, that thou comest with such a company?

24And he said, ye have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and are gone away, and what have I more? and how then say ye unto me, What aileth thee?

25And the children of Dan said unto him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows fall upon you, and thou lose thy life, with the lives of thy household.

26And the children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back unto his house.

27And they took that which Micah had made, and the priest whom he had, and came unto Laish, unto a people quiet and secure, and smote them with the edge of the sword; and they burnt the city with fire.

28And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Sidon, and they had no dealings with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Beth-rehob. And they built the city, and dwelt therein.

29And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the city was Laish at the first.

30And the children of Dan set up for themselves the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of the Danites until the day of the captivity of the land.

31So they set them up Micah`s graven image which he made, all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh.

1In those days Israel had no king. And in those days the Danite tribe was looking for a place to settle because at that time they did not yet have a place to call their own among the tribes of Israel.

2The Danites sent out from their whole tribe five representatives, capable men from Zorah and Eshtaol, to spy out the land and explore it. They said to them, “Go, explore the land.” They came to the Ephraimite hill country and spent the night at Micah’s house.

3As they approached Micah’s house, they recognized the accent of the young Levite. So they stopped there and said to him, “Who brought you here? What are you doing in this place? What is your business here?”

4He told them what Micah had done for him, saying, “He hired me, and I became his priest.”

5They said to him, “Seek a divine oracle for us, so we can know if we will be successful on our mission.”

6The priest said to them, “Go with confidence. The Lord will be with you on your mission.”

7So the five men journeyed on and arrived in Laish. They noticed that the people there were living securely, like the Sidonians do, undisturbed and unsuspecting. No conqueror was troubling them in any way. They lived far from the Sidonians and had no dealings with anyone.

8When the Danites returned to their tribe in Zorah and Eshtaol, their kinsmen asked them, “How did it go?”

9They said, “Come on, let’s attack them, for we saw their land and it is very good. You seem lethargic, but don’t hesitate to invade and conquer the land.

10When you invade, you will encounter unsuspecting people. The land is wide! God is handing it over to you—a place that lacks nothing on earth!”

11So 600 Danites, fully armed, set out from Zorah and Eshtaol.

12They went up and camped in Kiriath Jearim in Judah. (To this day that place is called Camp of Dan. It is west of Kiriath Jearim.)

13From there they traveled through the Ephraimite hill country and arrived at Micah’s house.

14The five men who had gone to spy out the land of Laish said to their kinsmen, “Do you realize that inside these houses are an ephod, some personal idols, a carved image, and a metal image? Decide now what you want to do.”

15They stopped there, went inside the young Levite’s house (which belonged to Micah), and asked him how he was doing.

16Meanwhile the 600 Danites, fully armed, stood at the entrance to the gate.

17The five men who had gone to spy out the land broke in and stole the carved image, the ephod, the personal idols, and the metal image, while the priest was standing at the entrance to the gate with the 600 fully armed men.

18When these men broke into Micah’s house and stole the carved image, the ephod, the personal idols, and the metal image, the priest said to them, “What are you doing?”

19They said to him, “Shut up! Put your hand over your mouth and come with us! You can be our adviser and priest. Wouldn’t it be better to be a priest for a whole Israelite tribe than for just one man’s family?”

20The priest was happy. He took the ephod, the personal idols, and the carved image and joined the group.

21They turned and went on their way, but they walked behind the children, the cattle, and their possessions.

22After they had gone a good distance from Micah’s house, Micah’s neighbors gathered together and caught up with the Danites.

23When they called out to the Danites, the Danites turned around and said to Micah, “Why have you gathered together?”

24He said, “You stole my gods that I made, as well as this priest, and then went away. What do I have left? How can you have the audacity to say to me, ‘What do you want?’”

25The Danites said to him, “Don’t say another word to us, or some very angry men will attack you, and you and your family will die.”

26The Danites went on their way; when Micah realized they were too strong to resist, he turned around and went home.

27Now the Danites took what Micah had made, as well as his priest, and came to Laish, where the people were undisturbed and unsuspecting. They struck them down with the sword and burned the city.

28No one came to the rescue because the city was far from Sidon and they had no dealings with anyone. The city was in a valley near Beth Rehob. The Danites rebuilt the city and occupied it.

29They named it Dan after their ancestor, who was one of Israel’s sons. But the city’s name used to be Laish.

30The Danites worshiped the carved image. Jonathan, descendant of Gershom, son of Moses, and his descendants served as priests for the tribe of Dan until the time of the exile.

31They worshiped Micah’s carved image the whole time God’s authorized shrine was in Shiloh.

1In those days there was no king in Israel. In those days the tribe of the Danites sought an inheritance to dwell in; for to that day, their inheritance had not fallen to them among the tribes of Israel.

2The children of Dan sent five men of their family from their whole number, men of valor, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it. They said to them, “Go, explore the land!” They came to the hill country of Ephraim, to the house of Micah, and lodged there.

3When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite; so they went over there, and said to him, “Who brought you here? What do you do in this place? What do you have here?”

4He said to them, “Thus and thus has Micah dealt with me, and he has hired me, and I am become his priest.”

5They said to him, “Please ask counsel of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous.”

6The priest said to them, “Go in peace. Your way in which you go is before Yahweh.”

7Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people who were there, how they lived in safety, in the way of the Sidonians, quiet and secure; for there was no one in the land, possessing authority, that might put them to shame in anything, and they were far from the Sidonians, and had no dealings with anyone else.

8They came to their brothers at Zorah and Eshtaol; and their brothers asked them, “What do you say?”

9They said, “Arise, and let us go up against them; for we have seen the land, and behold, it is very good. Do you stand still? Don’t be slothful to go and to enter in to possess the land.

10When you go, you will come to an unsuspecting people, and the land is large; for God has given it into your hand, a place where there is no lack of anything that is in the earth.”

11The family of the Danites set out from Zorah and Eshtaol, with six hundred men armed with weapons of war.

12They went up and encamped in Kiriath Jearim, in Judah. Therefore they called that place Mahaneh Dan, to this day. Behold, it is behind Kiriath Jearim.

13They passed from there to the hill country of Ephraim, and came to the house of Micah.

14Then the five men who went to spy out the country of Laish answered, and said to their brothers, “Do you know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a carved image, and a molten image? Now therefore consider what you have to do.”

15They went over there, and came to the house of the young Levite man, even to the house of Micah, and asked him how he was doing.

16The six hundred men armed with their weapons of war, who were of the children of Dan, stood by the entrance of the gate.

17The five men who went to spy out the land went up, and came in there, and took the engraved image, the ephod, the teraphim, and the molten image; and the priest stood by the entrance of the gate with the six hundred men armed with weapons of war.

18When these went into Micah’s house, and took the engraved image, the ephod, the teraphim, and the molten image, the priest said to them, “What are you doing?”

19They said to him, “Hold your peace, put your hand on your mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest. Is it better for you to be priest to the house of one man, or to be priest to a tribe and a family in Israel?”

20The priest’s heart was glad, and he took the ephod, the teraphim, and the engraved image, and went with the people.

21So they turned and departed, and put the little ones, the livestock, and the goods before them.

22When they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men who were in the houses near Micah’s house gathered together and overtook the children of Dan.

23As they cried to the children of Dan, they turned their faces, and said to Micah, “What ails you, that you come with such a company?”

24He said, “You have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and have gone away! What more do I have? How can you ask me, ‘What ails you?’”

25The children of Dan said to him, “Don’t let your voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows fall on you, and you lose your life, with the lives of your household.”

26The children of Dan went their way; and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back to his house.

27They took that which Micah had made, and the priest whom he had, and came to Laish, to a people quiet and unsuspecting, and struck them with the edge of the sword; then they burned the city with fire.

28There was no deliverer, because it was far from Sidon, and they had no dealings with anyone else; and it was in the valley that lies by Beth Rehob. They built the city, and lived in it.

29They called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born to Israel; however the name of the city used to be Laish.

30The children of Dan set up for themselves the engraved image; and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Moses, and his sons were priests to the tribe of the Danites until the day of the captivity of the land.

31So they set up for themselves Micah’s engraved image which he made, and it remained all the time that God’s house was in Shiloh.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

The tribe of Dan, seeking territory, steals Micah's idol and his Levite priest to establish their own idolatrous worship at Laish. They rename the conquered city Dan and set up the graven image.

Authorship & Background

Author: Unknown, traditionally attributed to Samuel. Judges covers approximately 350 years (1380-1050 BC) between Joshua's death and the rise of the monarchy. Hebrew title: 'Shophetim' — 'Judges' (deliverers/ rulers raised by God). The book records Israel's repeated cycle: sin → oppression → crying out → deliverance → rest → sin again. The refrain: 'In those days there was no king in Israel: every man did that which was right in his own eyes' (17:6, 21:25). The book demonstrates humanity's need for a righteous king — ultimately fulfilled in Christ.
Historical Context: Chapter 18 records the migration of the tribe of Dan from their allotted territory in the south-central coastal region to the far north of Israel. This chapter is part of the appendix of Judges (chapters 17-21), which illustrates the religious and moral chaos that characterized the period. The Danites had failed to fully conquer their allotted inheritance (Joshua 19:40-48; Judges 1:34), being pressed back by the Amorites into the hill country. Rather than trusting God to give them victory over their enemies, they sought an easier conquest — the peaceful, isolated city of Laish in the far north. Along the way, they stole Micah's idolatrous religious apparatus (the ephod, teraphim, graven image, and molten image established in chapter 17) and recruited his hired Levite priest, Jonathan son of Gershom. The chapter reveals the complete corruption of Israelite worship: a stolen priesthood serving stolen idols for a tribe that abandoned its God-given inheritance. The establishment of idolatry at Dan would persist "until the day of the captivity of the land" (v.30) and would later become one of the two sites where Jeroboam I placed his golden calves (1 Kings 12:29). Dan became synonymous with apostasy in Israel. The narrative exposes how religion without God's authorization — no matter how elaborate — is merely organized idolatry.
The Danite Spies and Micah's Priest (vv.1-6): "In those days there was no king in Israel" (v.1) — the refrain that frames the entire appendix. The tribe of Dan had not yet secured their inheritance. Their allotted territory (Joshua 19:40-48) was in the fertile coastal plain, but the Amorites and Philistines proved too strong for them (Judges 1:34). Rather than crying out to God for deliverance as other tribes had done, they sought a new territory entirely. Five men are sent from Zorah and Eshtaol — the same region where Samson (a Danite) would later be born (Judges 13:2,25). These spies come to the hill country of Ephraim and recognize the voice of the young Levite at Micah's house. Their question — "Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place?" (v.3) — reveals that they knew this Levite from elsewhere. They ask him to inquire of God regarding their journey. The priest's response — "Go in peace: before the LORD is your way" (v.6) — is a presumptuous oracle from an unauthorized priest using unauthorized means. Yet the Danites accept it without question. When people want confirmation of their own plans, they will accept any voice that tells them what they wish to hear.
The Report on Laish (vv.7-10): The spies find Laish — a city of people living "careless, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure" (v.7 KJV). The ESV renders this "quiet and unsuspecting." These were a peaceful, isolated people with no military alliances and no defensive magistrate. They were "far from the Zidonians" — their mother city could not help them — "and had no business with any man" (v.7). The spies return with an enthusiastic report: "the land is very good" and "God hath given it into your hands" (vv.9-10). They invoke God's name to justify attacking a defenseless people — a perversion of the conquest language used by Joshua. God had given Dan a specific inheritance; He had not authorized this northern expedition.
The Migration and Theft (vv.11-21): Six hundred armed Danites set out from Zorah and Eshtaol. They camp at Kiriath-jearim in Judah (the place is named Mahaneh-dan, "camp of Dan"). Passing through Ephraim, the five original spies inform the company about Micah's religious objects. The theft is brazen: while 600 armed men stand at the gate, the five spies enter and take "the graven image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image" (v.17). When the priest protests — "What do ye?" (v.18) — they silence him with an offer he cannot refuse: "Is it better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel?" (v.19). The priest's response reveals his character: "the priest's heart was glad" (v.20). He is a mercenary — his loyalty follows the highest bidder. He takes the idolatrous objects and joins the Danites willingly. They place the vulnerable (children, livestock, goods) at the front of the column — expecting pursuit from behind.
Micah's Futile Pursuit (vv.22-26): Micah gathers his neighbors and pursues the Danites. When he confronts them, his complaint is pathetic: "Ye have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and ye are gone away: and what have I more?" (v.24). The irony is devastating — "my gods which I made." Gods that can be stolen are no gods at all. Gods that a man makes cannot save the man who made them. The Danites threaten violence: "lest angry fellows run upon thee, and thou lose thy life" (v.25). Micah, seeing he is outmatched, turns back. He has lost his gods, his priest, and his entire religious system — and he is helpless. This is the bankruptcy of man-made religion.
The Conquest of Laish and Establishment of Idolatry (vv.27-31): The Danites attack Laish — "a people that were at quiet and secure" (v.27) — slaughter them, and burn the city. "There was no deliverer" (v.28). They rebuild the city and name it Dan. Then they "set up the graven image" (v.30) and establish Jonathan, son of Gershom, son of Moses (or Manasseh — see Translation Notes), as their priest. His descendants serve as priests "until the day of the captivity of the land" (v.30). Verse 31 adds that Micah's image remained "all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh" — a simultaneous, rival worship center operating alongside God's legitimate sanctuary. The tribe of Dan thus becomes the first tribe to establish institutionalized idolatry in Israel — a sin that would define the northern kingdom for centuries.

Map & Geography

  • Dan's migration: From Zorah and Eshtaol (western foothills near Philistia) northward to Laish (far north, near Mount Hermon)
  • Laish (later renamed Dan): A remote, peaceful city in the far north of Canaan — "far from Sidon, no alliance with anyone"
  • Micah's house: In the hill country of Ephraim — the Danites pass through and steal his priest and idols en route north

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the mercenary nature of the Levite priest and the absurdity of Micah's complaint about stolen gods. He notes that Dan's idolatry became a permanent stain — the tribe is omitted from the 144,000 in Revelation 7.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "When a man says, 'They have taken away my gods,' he confesses that his gods are not worth having. The true God cannot be stolen. He cannot be carried away by six hundred men with swords. If your religion can be taken from you by force, it was never the religion of the living God. That which man makes, man can unmake; that which man carries, man can carry away. But the Lord God Almighty — who shall remove Him from His throne, or pluck His children from His hand?"

Reflection

  • 1. Failure to possess what God gives leads to seeking substitutes (v.1). Dan abandoned their God-given inheritance because it required faith and warfare. Instead, they sought an easier path — attacking a defenseless people. When we refuse to fight for what God has promised, we settle for lesser things that require less faith. The easy path is rarely God's path.
  • 2. Stolen religion is worthless religion (vv.17-20). The Danites stole their entire worship system — priest, ephod, images, everything. You cannot steal your way into a relationship with God. Authentic faith cannot be borrowed, inherited, or taken by force. It must be received personally from God Himself.
  • 3. Religious leaders who follow the highest bidder are hirelings, not shepherds (vv.19-20). The Levite's "glad heart" at a better offer reveals his true nature. He served Micah for money; he left Micah for more money. Jesus warned of hirelings who flee when the wolf comes (John 10:12-13). True ministry is rooted in calling, not career advancement.
  • 4. Gods that can be stolen are no gods at all (v.24). Micah's pathetic cry — "What have I more?" — reveals the emptiness of idolatry. If your source of meaning, security, and identity can be taken from you, it was never God. The true God cannot be stolen, lost, or carried away. He holds us; we do not hold Him.
  • 5. Small compromises lead to institutionalized sin (vv.30-31). What began as one mother's silver (17:1-4) became a household shrine, then a tribal worship center, then a rival to God's tabernacle that lasted centuries. Sin that is not confronted does not remain small — it grows, becomes organized, and eventually becomes the established order.